Summary
In Afilal, a more specific description was required so as to more precisely plead the public nature of defendant's location (Afilal, at 1052, 22 N.Y.S.3d 405, 43 N.E.3d 762) because the definition of “public place” which applies to PL § 221.
Summary of this case from People v. LodayOpinion
No. 170
11-24-2015
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Abdelouahad AFILAL, Appellant.
Seymour W. James, Jr., The Legal Aid Society, New York City (Seth Steed of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York City (Alan Gadlin and Hilary Hassler of counsel), for respondent.
Seymour W. James, Jr., The Legal Aid Society, New York City (Seth Steed of counsel), for appellant.
Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York City (Alan Gadlin and Hilary Hassler of counsel), for respondent.
OPINION OF THE COURT
MEMORANDUM. The order of the Appellate Term should be reversed and the accusatory instrument dismissed. Defendant was charged with and pleaded guilty to criminal possession of marihuana in the fifth degree (Penal Law § 221.10[1] ). On appeal he challenges the sufficiency of the accusatory instrument, claiming that it fails to allege sufficient facts to establish the “public place” element of section 221.10(1).
A person is guilty of criminal possession of marihuana in the fifth degree “when [such person] knowingly and unlawfully possesses ... marihuana in a public place ... and such marihuana is burning or open to public view” (Penal Law § 221.10[1] ). Public place means
“a place to which the public or a substantial group of persons has access, and includes, but is not limited to, highways, transportation facilities, schools, places of amusement, parks, playgrounds, and hallways, lobbies and other portions of apartment houses and hotels not constituting rooms or apartments designed for actual residence” (Penal Law § 240.00[1] ).
“A valid and sufficient accusatory instrument is a nonwaivable jurisdictional prerequisite to a criminal prosecution” (People v. Case, 42 N.Y.2d 98, 99, 396 N.Y.S.2d 841, 365 N.E.2d 872 [1977] ). Defendant waived prosecution by information and, therefore, the sufficiency of the accusatory instrument is assessed under the standard applicable to a misdemeanor complaint. Under that standard, the
complaint must allege “facts of an evidentiary character supporting or tending to support the charges” (CPL 100.15[3] ), and the factual allegations must “provide reasonable cause to believe that the defendant committed the offense charged” (CPL 100.40[4] [b] ; see People v. Dumay, 23 N.Y.3d 518, 522, 992 N.Y.S.2d 672, 16 N.E.3d 1150 [2014] ).
Here, the People concede that the accusatory instrument could have more precisely pleaded the public nature of defendant's location by alleging that he was standing on a sidewalk or in a park, when the officer saw him holding a bag of marihuana. We agree that either of these assertions describes a location within the definition of Penal Law § 240.00(1) (see Penal Law § 240.00[1] [public place includes “places of amusement, parks, playgrounds”]; People v. Campbell, 41 Misc.3d 143[A], 2013 N.Y. Slip Op. 52057[U], *2, 2013 WL 6500881 [App. Term, 2d Dept., 2d, 11th & 13th Jud.Dists.2013] [officer “observed the defendant on a sidewalk which is a public place, and in possession of a quantity of marihuana”], lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1155, 984 N.Y.S.2d 639, 7 N.E.3d 1127 [2014] ). Given the absence of such factual allegations, and the instrument's reliance otherwise on conclusory statements that do no more than track the language of Penal Law § 221.10(1), the complaint fails to meet the reasonable cause requirement and should be dismissed (see People v. Dreyden, 15 N.Y.3d 100, 103, 905 N.Y.S.2d 542, 931 N.E.2d 526 [2010] ; CPL 100.40[4][b] ; Dumay, 23 N.Y.3d at 522, 992 N.Y.S.2d 672 ).
Chief Judge LIPPMAN and Judges PIGOTT, RIVERA, ABDUS–SALAAM, STEIN and FAHEY concur.
Order reversed and accusatory instrument dismissed, in a memorandum.