Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 1738

Current through Laws 2024, c. 453.

Section 1738 - Seizure and forfeiture proceedings - Vehicles, airplanes, vessels, etc. used in attempt or commission of certain crimes

A.

1. Any commissioned peace officer of this state is authorized to seize any equipment, vehicle, airplane, vessel or any other conveyance that is used in the commission of any armed robbery offense defined in Section 801 of this title, used to facilitate the intentional discharge of any kind of firearm in violation of Section 652 of this title, used in violation of the Trademark Anti-Counterfeiting Act, used in the attempt or commission of any act of burglary in the first or second degree, motor vehicle theft, unauthorized use of a vehicle, obliteration of distinguishing numbers on vehicles or criminal possession of vehicles with altered, removed or obliterated numbers as defined by Sections 1431, 1435, 1716, 1719 and 1720 of this title or Sections 4-104 and 4-107 of Title 47 of the Oklahoma Statutes, used in the commission of any arson offense defined in Section 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404 or 1405 of this title, used in any manner to facilitate or participate in the commission of any human trafficking offense in violation of Section 748 of this title, or used by any defendant when such vehicle or other conveyance is used in any manner by a prostitute, pimp or panderer to facilitate or participate in the commission of any prostitution offense in violation of Sections 1028, 1029 or 1030 of this title; provided, however, that the vehicle or conveyance of a customer or anyone merely procuring the services of a prostitute shall not be included.

2. No conveyance used by a person as a common carrier in the transaction of business as a common carrier shall be forfeited under the provisions of this section unless it shall appear that the owner or other person in charge of such conveyance was a consenting party or privy to the unlawful use of the conveyance in violation of this section.

3. No conveyance shall be forfeited under the provisions of this section by reason of any act or omission established by the owner thereof to have been committed or omitted without the knowledge or consent of such owner, and if the act is committed by any person other than such owner, the owner shall establish further that the conveyance was unlawfully in the possession of a person other than the owner in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any state.

B. In addition to the property described in subsection A of this section, the following property is also subject to forfeiture pursuant to this section:

1. Property used in the commission of theft of livestock or in any manner to facilitate the theft of livestock;

2. The proceeds gained from the commission of theft of livestock;

3. Personal property acquired with proceeds gained from the commission of theft of livestock;

4. All conveyances, including aircraft, vehicles or vessels, and horses or dogs which are used to transport or in any manner to facilitate the transportation for the purpose of the commission of theft of livestock;

5. Any items having a counterfeit mark and all property that is owned by or registered to the defendant that is employed or used in connection with any violation of the Trademark Anti-Counterfeiting Act;

6. Any weapon possessed, used or available for use in any manner during the commission of a felony within the State of Oklahoma, or any firearm that is possessed by a convicted felon;

7. Any police scanner used in violation of Section 1214 of this title;

8. Any computer and its components and peripherals, including but not limited to the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, printers, scanners, software, and hardware, when it is used in the commission of any crime in this state;

9. All property used in the commission of, or in any manner to facilitate, a violation of Section 1040.12a of this title;

10. All conveyances, including aircraft, vehicles or vessels, monies, coins and currency, or other instrumentality used or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit a violation of paragraph 1 of subsection A of Section 1021 of this title, where the victim of the crime is a minor child, subsection B of Section 1021 of this title, Section 1021.2 of this title, paragraph 1 of subsection A of Section 1111 of this title, or paragraphs 2 and 3 of subsection A of Section 1123 of this title;

11. All conveyances, including aircraft, vehicles or vessels, monies, coins and currency, or other instrumentality used in any manner or part, to commit any violation of the provisions set forth in Section 748 of this title;

12. Any and all property used in any manner or part to facilitate, participate or further the commission of a human trafficking offense in violation of Section 748 of this title, and all property, including monies, real estate, or any other tangible assets or property of or derived from or used by a prostitute, pimp or panderer in any manner or part to facilitate, participate or further the commission of any prostitution offense in violation of Sections 1028, 1029 or 1030 of this title; provided, however, any monies, real estate or any other tangible asset or property of a customer or anyone merely procuring the services of a prostitute shall not be included;

13. Any vehicle, airplane, vessel, or parts of a vehicle whose numbers have been removed, altered or obliterated so as to prevent determination of the true identity or ownership of said property and parts of vehicles which probable cause indicates are stolen but whose true ownership cannot be determined;

14. Any and all equipment or instrumentality used in any manner or part to commit any act of catalytic converter theft in violation of subsection B of Section 1435 of this title and any monies, coins, currency, or financial instruments used, derived from or traceable as proceeds from a violation of subsection B of Section 1435 of this title;

15. Any and all equipment or instrumentality used in any manner or part to commit any act of copper theft in violation of Section 1727 of this title, and any monies, coins, currency, or financial instruments used, derived from or traceable as proceeds from a violation of Section 1727 of this title; and

16. Any and all equipment or instrumentality used in any manner or part to commit any violation of the Oklahoma Scrap Metal Dealers Act, and any monies, coins, currency, or financial instruments used or traceable as proceeds from a violation of the Oklahoma Scrap Metal Dealers Act.

C. Property described in subsection A or B of this section may be held as evidence until a forfeiture has been declared or a release ordered. Forfeiture actions under this section may be brought by the district attorney in the proper county of venue as petitioner; provided, in the event the district attorney elects not to file such action, or fails to file such action within ninety (90) days of the date of the seizure of such equipment, the property shall be returned to the owner.

D. Notice of seizure and intended forfeiture proceeding shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the district court for the county wherein such property is seized and shall be given all owners and parties in interest.

E. Notice shall be given according to one of the following methods:

1. Upon each owner or party in interest whose right, title, or interest is of record in the Oklahoma Tax Commission or with the county clerk for filings under the Uniform Commercial Code, served in the manner of service of process in civil cases prescribed by Section 2004 of Title 12 of the Oklahoma Statutes;

2. Upon each owner or party in interest whose name and address is known, served in the manner of service of process in civil cases prescribed by Section 2004 of Title 12 of the Oklahoma Statutes; or

3. Upon all other owners, whose addresses are unknown, but who are believed to have an interest in the property by one publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where the seizure was made.

F. Within sixty (60) days after the mailing or publication of the notice, the owner of the property and any other party in interest or claimant may file a verified answer and claim to the property described in the notice of seizure and of the intended forfeiture proceeding.

G. If at the end of sixty (60) days after the notice has been mailed or published there is no verified answer on file, the court shall hear evidence upon the fact of the unlawful use and may order the property forfeited to the state, if such fact is proven.

H. If a verified answer is filed, the forfeiture proceeding shall be set for hearing.

I. At the hearing the petitioner shall prove by clear and convincing evidence that property was used in the attempt or commission of an act specified in subsection A of this section or is property described in subsection B of this section with knowledge by the owner of the property.

J. The claimant of any right, title, or interest in the property may prove the lien, mortgage, or conditional sales contract to be bona fide and that the right, title, or interest created by the document was created without any knowledge or reason to believe that the property was being, or was to be, used for the purpose charged.

K. In the event of such proof, the court may order the property released to the bona fide or innocent owner, lien holder, mortgagee, or vendor if the amount due such person is equal to, or in excess of, the value of the property as of the date of the seizure, it being the intention of this section to forfeit only the right, title, or interest of the purchaser, except for items bearing a counterfeit mark or used exclusively to manufacture a counterfeit mark.

L. If the amount due to such person is less than the value of the property, or if no bona fide claim is established, the property may be forfeited to the state and may be sold pursuant to judgment of the court, as on sale upon execution, and as provided in Section 2-508 of Title 63 of the Oklahoma Statutes, except as otherwise provided for by law and for property bearing a counterfeit mark which shall be destroyed.

M. Property taken or detained pursuant to this section shall not be repleviable, but shall be deemed to be in the custody of the petitioner or in the custody of the law enforcement agency as provided in the Trademark Anti-Counterfeiting Act. Except for property required to be destroyed pursuant to the Trademark Anti-Counterfeiting Act, the petitioner shall release said property to the owner of the property if it is determined that the owner had no knowledge of the illegal use of the property or if there is insufficient evidence to sustain the burden of showing illegal use of such property. If the owner of the property stipulates to the forfeiture and waives the hearing, the petitioner may determine if the value of the property is equal to or less than the outstanding lien. If such lien exceeds the value of the property, the property may be released to the lien holder. Property which has not been released by the petitioner shall be subject to the orders and decrees of the court or the official having jurisdiction thereof.

N. The petitioner, or the law enforcement agency holding property pursuant to the Trademark Anti-Counterfeiting Act, shall not be held civilly liable for having custody of the seized property or proceeding with a forfeiture action as provided for in this section.

O. Attorney fees shall not be assessed against the state or the petitioner for any actions or proceeding pursuant to Section 1701 et seq. of this title.

P. The proceeds of the sale of any property shall be distributed as follows, in the order indicated:

1. To the bona fide or innocent purchaser, conditional sales vendor, or mortgagee of the property, if any, up to the amount of such person's interest in the property, when the court declaring the forfeiture orders a distribution to such person;

2. To the payment of the actual reasonable expenses of preserving the property;

3. To the victim of the crime to compensate said victim for any loss incurred as a result of the act for which such property was forfeited; and

4. The balance to a revolving fund in the office of the county treasurer of the county wherein the property was seized, to be distributed as follows: one-third (1/3) to the investigating law enforcement agency; one-third (1/3) of said fund to be used and maintained as a revolving fund by the district attorney to be used to defray any lawful expenses of the office of the district attorney; and one-third (1/3) to go to the jail maintenance fund, with a yearly accounting to the board of county commissioners in whose county the fund is established. If the petitioner is not the district attorney, then the one-third (1/3) which would have been designated to that office shall be distributed to the petitioner. Monies distributed to the jail maintenance fund shall be used to pay costs for the storage of such property if such property is ordered released to a bona fide or innocent owner, lien holder, mortgagee, or vendor and if such funds are available in said fund.

Q. If the court finds that the property was not used in the attempt or commission of an act specified in subsection A of this section and was not property subject to forfeiture pursuant to subsection B of this section and is not property bearing a counterfeit mark, the court shall order the property released to the owner as the right, title, or interest appears on record in the Tax Commission as of the seizure.

R. No vehicle, airplane, or vessel used by a person as a common carrier in the transaction of business as a common carrier shall be forfeited pursuant to the provisions of this section unless it shall be proven that the owner or other person in charge of such conveyance was a consenting party or privy to the attempt or commission of an act specified in subsection A or B of this section. No property shall be forfeited pursuant to the provisions of this section by reason of any act or omission established by the owner thereof to have been committed or omitted without the knowledge or consent of such owner, and by any person other than such owner while such property was unlawfully in the possession of a person other than the owner in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any state.

S. Whenever any property is forfeited pursuant to this section, the district court having jurisdiction of the proceeding may order that the forfeited property may be retained for its official use by the state, county, or municipal law enforcement agency which seized the property.

Okla. Stat. tit. 21, § 1738

Amended by Laws 2023 , c. 133, s. 1, eff. 11/1/2023.

Added by Laws 1987, SB 13, c. 55, § 1, emerg. eff. 4/30/1987; Amended by Laws 1991, SB 20, c. 50, § 1, eff. 9/1/1991; Amended by Laws 1992, HB 2039, c. 64, §3, eff. 9/1/1992; Amended by Laws 1992, SB 814, c. 382, §2, emerg. eff. 6/9/1992; Amended by Laws 1993, SB 312, c. 65, § 1, eff. 9/1/1993; Amended by Laws 1999 , SB 589, c. 54, § 4, emerg. eff. 7/1/1999; Amended by Laws 2000 , SB 1490, c. 137, § 1, eff. 11/1/2000; Amended by Laws 2001 , SB 45, c. 386, § 4, emerg. eff. 7/1/2001; Amended by Laws 2002 , SB 1536, c. 460, § 13, eff. 11/1/2002; Amended by Laws 2008 , SB 1992, c. 438, § 4, emerg. eff. 7/1/2008; Amended by Laws 2008 , HB 1021, c. 134, § 3(repealed by Laws 2009 , SB 764, c. 2, § 6, emerg. eff. 3/12/2009); Amended by Laws 2009 , SB 764, c. 2, § 5, emerg. eff. 3/12/2009; Amended by Laws 2010 , SB 956, c. 325, § 3, emerg. eff. 6/5/2010; Amended by Laws 2011 , HB 1604, c. 132, § 1, eff. 11/1/2011.