(a) Minimum basic fire training for probationary and nonpermanent firefighters shall consist of a minimum of 229 hours in approved courses.(b) Satisfactory completion of a basic training shall include a "candidate physical ability test" as specified in this Part.(c) The courses shall be as set forth herein, with content at least equivalent to that found in appropriate sections of the New York State fire training courses and shall be conducted for the minimum times specified herein, section, or until the indicated performance objective has been accomplished and measured by the chief of the fire department or his or her designee. Referenced performance objectives may be found in subdivision (h) of this section. (The employing agency may, and is encouraged to, offer additional training above the minimums stipulated herein.) (1) Local fire department rules, regulations, standard operating policies or procedures, communications systems, policies for receiving both personal and official phone calls, procedures to initiate an emergency response, general duties other than those covered in training for emergency operations and response. There are no hours established for this training, compliance is required.
(2) Firefighting Skills. The firefighter shall demonstrate appropriate knowledge, skills, or abilities in the following areas: (75 hrs.) (i) don and doff firefighter protective equipment including SCBA;(ii) tie the following knots: * Bowline
* Clove hitch
* Figure eight on a bight
* Half hitch
* Becket or sheet bend
* Other appropriate safety knots as used by the AHJ;
(iii) select appropriate rope and knot to lift selected equipment;(iv) use SCBA for emergency operations, demonstrate emergency operation procedures, changing of air bottles and proper procedures for returning the unit to service;(v) safely mount apparatus, demonstrate the ability to utilize seat belts, and safely dismount apparatus of the AHJ;(vi) demonstrate forcible entry procedures utilizing available forcible entry tools;(vii) working as a member of a team, explain the procedure to exit a hazardous area before exhausting the air supply;(viii) demonstrate the ability to work individually and as a team member to raise, extend, lower, climb and safely work from various size ground and roof ladders while utilizing a leg lock or ladder belt on appropriate ladders;(ix) working as a team, demonstrate the ability to safely approach and extinguish a vehicle fire, correctly identify flammable liquids and safely overhaul the vehicle fire in all compartments;(x) working as a team, when given fires in stacks, piles, unattached structures, or storage containers that can be fought from the exterior, extinguish exterior class A materials utilizing appropriate water application procedures and while protecting exposures;(xi) working as a team under obscured conditions, conduct a search and rescue of the structure, properly utilize tools appropriate for this task, and remove victims from the structure to an area of safe refuge;(xii) working as a team when given ladders, attack lines, and forcible entry tools effectively, utilize water application procedures to extinguish a class A fire and demonstrate the ability to safely search for hidden fires in a structure;(xiii) working as a team when given appropriate ladders, tools and equipment; demonstrate the ability to safely perform horizontal ventilation;(xiv) working as a team when given appropriate ladders, tools and equipment; demonstrate the ability to safely perform vertical ventilation so as not to compromise the integrity of the structural elements and demonstrate the ability to safely retreat to an area of safe refuge;(xv) demonstrate the ability to perform overhaul of a fire scene so as not to compromise the integrity of the structure, expose all hidden fires, preserve fire cause evidence and extinguish all fires;(xvi) working as a team; and provided with adequate salvage equipment; demonstrate the ability to protect the building and contents from further damage;(xvii) working as a team when given appropriate hose and appliances; demonstrate the ability to connect a pumper to a water supply (hydrant or static source) so that all connections are water tight and water flow is unobstructed;(xviii) demonstrate the ability to select and utilize fire extinguishers to effectively extinguish a class A, B and C fire;(xix) demonstrate the ability to utilize electrical tools and equipment as assigned to effectively illuminate an emergency scene while following the equipment manufacturer's published safety precautions;(xx) demonstrate the ability to utilize tools provided to shut off a building's utilities in a safe manner;(xxi) working as a team member when given appropriate protective equipment, attack lines and tools to combat a ground cover fire so that threats to property are reported, threats to personal safety are identified and retreat procedures are accomplished;(xxii) demonstrate the ability to perform a fire safety survey in a private dwelling, complete appropriate forms identifying life-safety hazards, make appropriate recommendations to correct hazards and demonstrate the procedure to refer unresolved issues to the appropriate command officer;(xxiii) demonstrate the ability to clean and check equipment for operational or safety defects and record the procedure. At a minimum the process should be used on the following equipment: SCBA, ropes, ventilation equipment, salvage equipment, hand tools and fire hose;(xxiv) describe the fire department's incident management system, the process of assuming and transferring command and applicable safety provisions utilized in the command system;(xxv) demonstrate the ability to implement command and function within the command structure when assigned a role within the incident management system;(xxvi) complete a basic incident report utilized by the AHJ that is accurate, complete and captures pertinent incident information;(xxvii) be able to communicate team status reports and the need for assistance using the department communication system and the SOP's of the AHJ;(xxviii) working as a team demonstrate the ability to safely extinguish an ignitable liquid fire using personal protective equipment, attack lines, foam proportioning equipment and concentrate, along with a water supply, to insure that there is no reignition and demonstrate a safe retreat to a safe haven;(xxix) working as a team, coordinate the use of an interior attack line(s) to safely accomplish a tactical assignment for a structure while maintaining team integrity and demonstrating the following: * appropriate attack procedures are utilized for the specific assignment or level of fire involvement;
* communicate attack procedures to team members;
* maintain team coordination;
* fire growth is constantly monitored and evaluated;
* search, rescue, ventilation and other operational requirements are communicated to appropriate individuals or managed;
* hazards are reported to attack teams;
* incident Commander is advised of changing conditions;
(xxx) working as a team, safely control a flammable gas cylinder fire outside a structure so that crew integrity is maintained, contents are identified, safe havens are identified, open valves are closed and flames are not extinguished unless leaking gas is eliminated and a safe retreat from the cylinder is provided for;(xxxi) preserve evidence of fire cause and origin so that the evidence is properly noted and protected from further disturbance;(xxxii) working as a team, extricate a victim from a vehicle while performing vehicle stabilization, disentanglement, while other hazards are safely managed;(xxxiii) when assigned to assist with special rescue operations be able to recognize and identify appropriate rescue tools and operate within the AHJ's standard operating procedures for special rescue operations;(xxxiv) prepare a preincident survey form with the identification of the occupancy, items of concern for an emergency response and appropriate sketches or diagrams prepared;(xxxv) maintain power tools, power plants, lighting equipment and other power devices to the manufacturer's recommendations as well as appropriate department guidelines;(xxxvi) demonstrate the ability to test the flow from a fire hydrant and calculate the flow correctly when given appropriate tools and equipment while insuring that all aspects of the hydrant are operable;(xxxvii) successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(xxxvi) of this paragraph.(3) Fire Prevention. (24 hrs.) (i) Code enforcement practices and organization.(ii) Occupancy classifications and hazard recognition.(iii) Building construction and structural design criteria.(v) Construction site safety and portable equipment.(vi) Fixed fire safety systems and portable equipment.(vii) Plans review and building specifications.(viii) Code interpretation and application.(ix) Use of code manual and reference standards.(x) Code enforcement administration.(xi) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(x) of this paragraph.(4) Ladder Operations. (18 hrs.) (i) Ladder company functions and equipment carried on aerial devices.(ii) Ground ladders and practical application.(iii) Theory of aerial device operation/demonstration of equipment.(iv) Practical operations with aerial devices.(v) Aerial device master stream operation and hose line operation from ladders.(vi) Ladder company practical evolutions.(vii) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(vi) of this paragraph.(5) Pump Operation. (18 hrs.) (i) Responsibilities of the pump operator.(v) Producing fire streams.(vi) Practical evolutions.(vii) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(vi) of this paragraph.(6) Basic Wildland Fire Suppression. (9 hrs.) (i) Responsible parties for wildland suppression activities in New York State.(ii) Fire behavior factors.(iii) Wildland fire elements and size up.(iv) Use of tools and equipment.(v) Securing the fire control lines.(vi) Strengthening fire control lines.(vii) Standards for safe operations.(viii) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(vii) of this paragraph.(7) Rescue Operations. (21 hrs.) (i) Introduction to specialized rescue operations.(ii) Rescue ICS, Psychology and rescue equipment.(iii) Low angle rope rescue.(iv) Low angle rescue practical skill application.(v) Building collapse, trench and confined space operations.(vi) Ladder rescue systems, elevator and machinery rescue.(vii) Ice and water rescue and electrical emergencies.(viii) Successfully complete a test on knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(vii) of this paragraph.(8) Hazardous Materials First Responder Awareness and Operations. (16 hrs.) (i) Detect the presence of a hazardous material for both fixed facilities and transportation modes.(ii) Describe how to survey the hazardous materials incident from a safe distance and critical observations to be considered.(iii) Describe procedures for collecting hazard information.(iv) Describe the procedures to initiate protective actions at the awareness level.(v) Identify the procedures to initiate the notification process when faced with a potential hazardous materials incident.(vi) Survey the hazardous materials incident to detect the presence of a liquid, gas, or solid material capable of injuring people, property or the environment.(vii) Identify cargo tanks normally utilized to transport hazardous materials.(viii) Describe the process of utilizing product information to identify characteristics of materials, health risks, and hazard information when provided with the following: * Material Safety Data Sheets
* Placards or labels
* Physical and chemical characteristics of the material(s)
* Signs and symptoms of victims.
(ix) Describe the process of contacting CHEMTREC and the type of information they can provide to the first responder.(x) Describe potential harm from a hazardous material, container or exposures when provided with incident information.(xi) When given a hazardous materials scenario, describe the appropriate tactical objectives appropriate for the operations level and describe procedures for the following: * Defensive options
* Appropriate personal protective equipment
* Emergency decontamination procedures.
(xii) Describe appropriate scene control measures including recommended isolation distances.(xiii) Describe the procedures for implementing the incident command system for the AHJ at a hazardous materials incident.(xiv) Identify what personal protective equipment should be worn or utilized and describe the risk of harm from the following areas when given a hazardous materials scenario: * Thermal
* Radiological
* Asphyxiation
*Chemical
* Etiological
* Mechanical.
(xv) When given a hazardous materials scenario describe appropriate defensive actions to control the incident including the use of firefighting foams for fire suppression and/or for vapor control.(xvi) When given a scenario describe the procedure used to perform the following functions at the operations level: * Absorption
* Damming
* Diking
* Dilution
* Diversion
* Retention
* Vapor suppression
* Vapor dispersion.
(xvii) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(xvi) of this paragraph.(9) Auto Accident Victim Extrication. (16 hrs.)(i) Describe the technology of vehicle construction, potential hazardous situations and the rescue life cycle of accident victim extrication.(ii) Demonstrate the use of hand and power tools utilized to perform auto accident extrication.(iii) Working as a team demonstrate the ability to perform automobile extrication procedures for a frontal collision, side collision, rear collision and a rollover.(iv) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(iii) of this paragraph.(10) First Aid and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Resuscitation. (17 hrs.) (i) Describe the procedures to conduct patient assessment and determine the highest priority for administering first aid.(ii) Describe and demonstrate the procedures to stop bleeding.(iii) Describe and demonstrate the procedures to immobilize suspected critical injuries and broken bones.(iv) Describe and demonstrate the procedures to obtain an open airway.(v) Describe and demonstrate the ability to perform Cardiovascular Pulmonary Resuscitation.(vi) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills, or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(v) of this paragraph.(11) Incident Command System. (12 hrs.) (i) Describe the development process of a nationally recognized incident management system.(ii) Describe incident command and command staff functions.(iii) Describe incident command general staff functions.(iv) When given a scenario apply the incident command system to the incident and identify the following: * Positions to be staffed
* The need to establish branch, group or functional areas and identify who they would report to
* What the responsibilities of each position staffed are and who they report to.
(v) Successfully complete a test on the knowledge, skills or abilities covered in subparagraphs (i)-(iv) of this paragraph.(12) Candidate Physical Ability Test. There are no hours established for this element, compliance is required. (i) Firefighter shall complete the candidate physical ability test within 10 minutes and 20 seconds after starting the first station.(ii) Firefighter shall wear a 50 pound vest to simulate the weight of a self-contained breathing apparatus and firefighter protective clothing for the entire test and an additional 25 pounds while performing the stair climb to simulate the weight of a high-rise hose pack.(iii) After a 20 second warm-up period on the step mill the candidate at a stepping rate of 60 steps per minute shall walk continuously for three minutes. Should the candidate fall or stumble during the warm-up period a second warm-up period shall be permitted.(iv) The candidate places up to 8' of a 200 foot length of 13/4" double jacketed hose (50' lengths) over their shoulder, drags the hose 75 feet to a pre-positioned drum, makes a 90 degree turn around the drum, and continues dragging the hose an additional 25 feet stopping in a marked box 5' by 7' at which point they position themselves on one knee and pull 50 feet of hose line.(v) The candidate removes two saws (one at a time) from a tool compartment and places them on the ground and then picks up both saws (one in each hand) and while walking carries them 75 feet around a drum and back to the starting point (tool compartment) where they are placed back into the tool compartment one at a time.(vi) The candidate, when given a 24' extension ladder with the butt end placed against a solid object an appropriate distance from a solid wall, shall walk from the base of the ladder to its tip, lift the tip of the ladder from the ground, walk the ladder toward the base hand-over-hand one rung (not on side rails) at a time until the ladder passes a vertical position and rests against the wall and then the candidate will move to the adjacent ladder permanently attached to the wall and while standing in a marked area 36" by 36" at the base of the stationary ladder use the halyard to extend the fly section its entire length (until it contacts the stops) hand-over-hand and then lower the fly section hand-over-hand to the original starting position.(vii) The candidate, when given a 10 pound sledge hammer, pounds the forcible entry machine in the striking area until the plunger of the device is driven to its prescribed position at which time a buzzer will sound and then the sledge hammer is placed on the ground.(viii) The candidate, when provided with a search and rescue tunnel maze 3 feet high, 4 feet wide, 64 feet long, encompassing two 90 degree turns and a number obstacles that require the candidate to navigate around, over and under them, will traverse the entire length of the tunnel exiting the opposite end.(ix) The candidate, when given a 165 pound mannequin, will grasp the mannequin by the handle at the shoulder of the harness (one hand or two may be used), drag the mannequin 35 feet to a pre-positioned drum, make a 180 degree turn and continue an additional 35 feet to the finish line.(x) The candidate will remove a pike pole from its brackets, stand within the established boundary, place the tip of the pike pole on the painted area of the push up hinged door in the ceiling, using the pike pole fully push up the door three times, change the pike pole to the hook of the hinged pull down door and pull it down five times, repeat this process for a total of four repetitions.(xi) The starting point of each test station is 85 feet from the finish point of the previous station and the test is conducted sequentially from subparagraph (iii) to (x) of this paragraph.(xii) The test equipment and evaluation instruments shall meet the performance requirements of the Fire Service Joint Labor Management Wellness/Fitness Initiative titled "Candidate Physical Ability Test" of the International Association of Firefighter's and the International Association of Fire Chief's copyrighted 1999 and identified as International Standard Book Number 0-942920- 41-4 which is incorporated herein by reference.(xiii) Equipment used to conduct the candidate physical ability test shall be approved by the State Fire Administrator and shall meet the intent of the equipment described in subparagraphs (ii) through (x) of this paragraph.(xiv) If test equipment is not available to the employer of the basic fire training candidate to conduct the evaluation, the State Fire Administrator, upon a written request with appropriate justification, may issue an exemption to the candidate physical ability test required by this subparagraph. The exemption granted by State Fire Administrator must specify the name of each basic fire training candidate exempted from this requirement.(xv) Upon written request, with appropriate justification, the State Fire Administrator may approve a modified version of the equipment used to conduct the test described in this subparagraph.(13) Health and Wellness (1 hr.) (i) Describe health and wellness issues including proper nutrition; physical fitness; the importance of proper PPE use in protecting health and wellness; the common causes, indications, risk factors, and impact of job related stress; and the nature, availability, and benefits of peer counseling programs.(ii) Training materials utilized for health and wellness training shall include, at a minimum, materials approved by the State Fire Administrator.(d) In lieu of the knowledge/skills criteria prescribed in subdivision (c) of this section, equivalent topics completed while attending these New York State fire training courses plus the topics to be completed on the local level shall be deemed as fulfilling the minimum basic training subject requirements found in paragraphs (c)(2) through (c)(ii) of this section in addition to successfully competing the requirements of paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(12) of this section.FIREFIGHTER RECRUIT CLASS II (prerequisite FOR CLASS I)
Firefighting essentials
Initial fire attack
Fire behavior and arson awareness or the following in lieu of the above courses:
Basic Firefighter training
Intermediate Firefighter training
Advanced Firefighter training
FIREFIGHTER RECRUIT CLASS I (prerequisite for FIREFIGHTER)
Ladder company operations
Pump operator
Emergency control of hazardous materials incidents I or hazardous materials first responder operations
Accident victim extrication training
FIREFIGHTER
Grass, brush, and forest firefighting or basic wildland fire suppression
Rescue skills and techniques or rescue operations
Standard first aid or equivalent[FN*]
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation*
Incident command system
Inspection of existing structures
(e) In lieu of the knowledge/skill criteria prescribed in subdivision (c) of this section, equivalent topics completed during the course of a United States Department of Labor/International Association of Fire Fighters Fire Fighter Apprenticeship Training Program shall be deemed as fulfilling minimum basic training subject requirements.(f) Minimum basic fire training shall include a physical fitness program designed to develop and maintain the physical fitness necessary to perform the duties of a firefighter.(g) Firefighter candidates that have obtained certification for a particular requirement of this section from a recognized competency certification system as deemed appropriate by the State Fire Administrator may apply the certification toward the appropriate portion of the training curriculum listed in subdivision (c) of this section. In addition the candidates must meet the provisions of paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(12) of this section.(h) In lieu of the knowledge/skill criteria prescribed in paragraphs (c)(2) through (c)(11) of this section the successful achievement of performance objectives paragraphs (1) through (26) of this subdivision, successful completion of training as identified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and successful completion of the candidate physical ability test paragraph (c)(12) of this section shall be deemed as fulfilling minimum training objective requirements of subdivision (c) of this section. The evaluation system used by the fire chief to determine a candidate's successful achievement of the performance objectives must be reviewed and approved by the State Fire Administrator. Students who have been evaluated by an approved evaluation system may apply for certification under this section. Firefighter candidates that have obtained certification for a particular area under a recognized competency certification system approved by the State Fire Administrator, upon proof of successful completion, may apply the certification toward the appropriate portion of the training curriculum listed in subdivision (c) of this section. In addition the candidates must meet the provisions of paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(12) of this section. The following table refers to course manuals available on request from the Office of the State Fire Administrator to develop competency in the performance of objectives listed in this Part. As used in the provisions of this subdivision, the abbreviation for each manual relates each particular performance objective to the content of the relevant manual. Aircraft Fire and Rescue (AFR)
Accident Victim Extrication Training (AVET)
Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR)
Cause and Origin Determination (COD)
Emergency Control of Hazardous Materials Incidents I (ECHMI I)
Emergency Control of Hazardous Materials Incidents II (ECHMI II)
Fire Behavior and Arson Awareness (FBAA)
Firefighting Essentials (FE)
Fire Reporting Workshop (FRW)
Grass, Brush and Forest Firefighting (GBFF)
Inspection of Existing Structures (IES)
Initial Fire Attack (IFA)
Ladder Company Operations (LCO)
Pump Operator (PO)
Rescue Skills and Techniques (RST)
Standard First Aid (SFA)
Incident Command (IC)
Basic Wildland Fire Suppression (BWFS)
Cardiovascular Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
(1) Fire protection and organization. (i) The student firefighter shall demonstrate a knowledge of the organization of the department by: drawing an organizational chart as listed in the fire department's handbook, and listing by name and rank each member of the department who is above the rank of district and/or battalion chief who is in charge of a specific fire department staff function (FE-1.3-1 - 1.3-5).(ii) The student firefighter shall demonstrate knowledge as to the size of the department, the scope of its operation and the standard operational procedures by: listing the number of personnel, separated by rank, assigned to each division, bureau, section, district and unit as listed in the fire department's handbook; listing the duties and responsibilities of each division and bureau as listed in the fire department rules and regulations; and listing the identification and location of each unit of the department, separated by districts in numerical order, as listed in the fire department's handbook (FE-1.3-2 1.3-5).(iii) The student firefighter shall demonstrate a knowledge of the fire department rules and regulations by verbally and/or in writing answering questions relative to departmental rules and regulations that apply to the position of firefighter. These questions will include: conduct both on and off duty; hours of duty; reporting of injury or illness; reporting the loss or theft of official equipment; care and use of departmental property; proper use and care of protective clothing and uniforms; vacation and sick leave; days off; flag regulations; funeral procedures; disciplinary actions and procedures; appeals; written and oral reports; equal employment opportunity policies; court attendance and testimony; meritorious service and incentive awards; overtime compensation and holidays; apprenticeship standards; union information; pensions; and callback procedures (FE-1.3-1-1.3-5).(2) Fire behavior. (i) The student firefighter shall, verbally and/or in writing, explain fire behavior, including the chemistry of fire, flame spread, flashover, phase of burning, classes of fire and heat transfer (FE-1.2, FBAA-2.1, IES-7).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain principles involved in the chemistry of fire and its extinguishment (FE-1.2, IES-7).(iii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain at least eight precautions to follow while advancing hose lines to a fire (AFR-3, IFA-4).(iv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify the characteristics of given types of fire streams (PO-5).(3) Extinguishers. (i) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall verbally identify and explain the foam making appliances used by the department and demonstrate by actual performance the proper method of producing and applying a foam stream from each (AFR-3.6, FE-1.2, PO-A.1).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain the classification of types of fires as they relate to the use of portable extinguishers (FE-1.2).(iii) Given a group of fire extinguishers, each of which is appropriate for a different class of fire, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the proper use of each type of extinguisher (FE-1.2).(iv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain the various fire suppression agents (AFR-3.6, FE-1.2).(4) Fire prevention.(i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the common causes of fires and their prevention (FE-13.2).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the fire inspection procedures established by the department and demonstrate by actual performance the fire inspection procedures as prescribed by the department for at least two occupancy classification types (IES-6).(iii) The student firefighter shall, verbally and/or in writing, both describe and demonstrate by actual performance the dwelling inspection procedures established and prescribed by the department (FE-13.2).(iv) The student firefighter shall verbally identify common fire hazards and make recommendations for their corrections (IES-5).(v) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the action to be taken as required by the department whenever fire hazards or suspected fire hazards are encountered during inspections (IES-5, 14, 17).(vi) The student firefighter shall verbally explain the fire hazards commonly found in manufacturing, commercial, residential and public assembly occupancies (IES-5, 14, 17).(vii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain local code requirements covering the proper storage and use of flammable liquids and gases (IES-16).(viii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the importance of public relations relative to the fire department's inspection programs (FE-13.2, IES-3).(ix) The student firefighter shall verbally explain the life safety programs for the home as specified by the department (FE-13.2, IES-8).(x) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the principal types of building construction as defined in the New York State Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code (IES-6).(xi) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the general fire behavior expected with each type of building construction, including the spread of fire and the safety of the building occupants and firefighters (IES-6).(xii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and describe standard types of chimneys and flues, including an explanation of deficiencies likely to cause fires in such equipment (IES-15).(xiii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing demonstrate knowledge of spread of fire through air conditioning and utility ducts, including an explanation and identification of the functions of automatic and manual controls of such systems (IES-15).(xiv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the common deficiencies in electrical services and appliances (IES-15).(xv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain storage codes and practices contributing to fire safety in buildings, including proper piling, aisles, clearances, access to fire equipment and exits (IES-16).(xvi) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain local code requirements covering the proper storage and use of flammable liquids and gases (ECHMI I-2.4, IES-16).(xvii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain recommendations of proper outside storage and how it affects firefighting, including aisles, roadways, access to hydrants and buildings, exposure hazards and dangers for firefighting personnel (ECHMI I-2.4, IES-16).(xviii) The student firefighter shall prepare diagrams or sketches to record the locations of items of concern during pre-fire planning operations (IES-14).(xix) Given various assignments, the student firefighter shall submit proper inspection reports as required by the department (IES-5, 14).(xx) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the local and State fire codes concerning subjects to be noted in fire company inspections (IES-5).(5) Personal safety and protective equipment.(i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain dangerous building conditions created by fire or disaster and the precautions prescribed by the department to protect other firefighters (FE-2.1).(ii) Given symbols used to designate hazardous materials and areas, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify each and explain the precautions that firefighters are expected to observe and follow in such areas (ECHMI I-1.2, IES-16).(iii) Given the necessary equipment and simulated conditions, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and verbal explanation the safety procedures to be followed in the use of all equipment and apparatus that the firefighter may be called upon to use (FE-2.1).(iv) Given each type of protective breathing apparatus used by the department, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the donning of each mask while wearing protective clothing (FE-2.2).(v) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the procedures to remove debris, rubble and other materials found at a cave-in (RST-1).(vi) Given simulated situations, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe procedures for protection when trapped or disoriented in a fire situation or hostile environment (FE-4.1).(vii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing name at least four hazardous respiratory environments encountered in firefighting (FE-2.2).(viii) Given the necessary equipment and simulated conditions, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and verbal explanation the correct use of all equipment to be used in electrical emergencies as prescribed by the department (FE-2.1, AVET-1).(ix) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and explanation, the shutting off of gas service to a building (AVET-1).(x) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and explanation, the shutting off of electrical service to a building (RST-1).(xi) Given displays or pictures of doors, windows, roofs, floors and vertical barriers found in structures located in the area protected by the department, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify the materials and construction features of each and describe the dangers associated with each in an emergency situation (RST-1, AVET-1).(xii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the method and procedure of forcible entry through any door, window, ceiling, roof or vertical barrier specified by the department (FE-9.2, AVET-1).(xiii) The student firefighter shall: verbally identify the different types of roofs; given the necessary equipment, demonstrate by actual performance the methods used to ventilate each type of roof; and verbally identify the necessary precautions to be taken so as not to destroy the effectiveness of vertical ventilation (IES-6).(xiv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the principal types of building construction as defined in the New York State Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code (IES-6).(xv) Given each type of protective breathing apparatus used by the department, the student firefighter shall demonstrate the proper use of each by actually wearing the equipment in a dense smoke environment (FE-3.1).(xvi) Given each type of protective breathing apparatus used by the department, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain: the physical requirements of the wearer of the protective breathing apparatus; the limitations of, and the safety features of, the protective breathing apparatus (FE-2.2).(xvii) Given each type of protective breathing apparatus, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and explanation that the apparatus is in a safe condition for immediate use (FE-2.2).(xviii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the proper procedure for cleaning and sanitizing each type of breathing apparatus used by the department so that it will be ready for future use (FE-2.2).(xix) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the correct use of emergency procedures while wearing the prescribed breathing apparatus (FE-3.1).(xx) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and explanation the operational functions of all types of protective breathing apparatus used by the department (FE-2.2, 3.1).(xxi) Given each type of breathing apparatus used by the department, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and explanation the correct procedure for daily inspection and maintenance of each (FE-2.2).(xxii) The student firefighter shall verbally explain the principles of operation of the following types of protective breathing apparatus approved for firefighting use: open-circuit-demand using compressed air; open-circuit-pressure-demand using compressed air; closed-circuit using compressed or liquid oxygen; closed-circuit that chemically generates oxygen (FE-2.2).(xxiii) Given a display of forcible entry tools used by the department, the student firefighter shall: verbally and/or in writing identify and describe the purpose for which each would be used; demonstrate the function of each by actually using the tool at the scene of an emergency or on teaching aids; and indicate the location where each tool is normally carried on the apparatus by returning the tool to its proper place after use (FE-9.2).(xxiv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the proper procedure for cleaning, maintaining and inspecting each available forcible entry tool (FE-9.2).(xxv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the opening of various types of windows from both inside and outside, with and without the use of fire department tools (FE-9.2).(xxvi) Given the necessary equipment and simulated conditions, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and verbal explanation the safety procedures to be followed in the use of all equipment and apparatus that the firefighter may be called upon to use (FE-9.2, RST-1, AVET-1).(6) Ropes and knots. (i) Given either the name, picture or actual knot (or hitch) used by the department, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify it and describe the purpose for which it would be used (FE-5.1, RST-1 AVET-1).(ii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate, by actual performance, the proper procedure for inspecting, cleaning, maintaining and storing rope (FE-5.1, RST-1).(iii) When given a simulated firefighting or rescue task, the student firefighter shall select appropriate size, strength and length of rope for the task (FE-5.2, RST-1, AVET).(iv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the use of rope, using approved knots and hitches to tie ladders, hose and other equipment so as to secure them to immovable objects (FE-5.2, RST-1).(v) Given the proper size and amount of rope, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the tying of knots and hitches prescribed by the department (FE-5.2, RST-1).(vi) Given the proper rope, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the bight, loop, round turn and half hitch as used in tying knots and hitches (FE-5.2, RST-1).(vii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall hoist to a height of at least 20 feet each type of forcible entry tool, ground ladder and appliance for which there is an approved tie (FE-5.2).(viii) The student firefighter shall select and tie a rope between two objects at least 15 feet apart using an approved hitch or knot which will support the weight of a firefighter on the rope (FE-5.2, RST-1).(ix) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the use of the following rescue tools: shoring blocks; trench jacks; block and tackle; hydraulic jacks; and screw jacks (RST-1, AVET-1).(x) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall tie the proper knot on a person to be lowered from a third floor level (RST-1).(7) Tools and equipment. (i) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the breaking of window or door glass and the removing of obstructions without harm to himself or others (FE-10.1).(ii) Given a fire axe, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the ventilation of a roof and floor (FE-10.1).(iii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the use of all different types of power saws used by the department (FE-10.1).(iv) Given the necessary resources, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the removal of existing roof covers (FE-10.1).(8) Ground ladder practices. (i) Given a display of every type and size of ladder used by the department, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and describe the use of each (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(ii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the inspection, care and maintenance procedures for all different types of ground and aerial ladders used by the department (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(iii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the proper procedure for cleaning ladders (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(iv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the inspection, care and maintenance procedures for all different types of ground and aerial ladders used by the department (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(v) Given the necessary equipment and operating both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance, ladder carries and raises by one, two, three, four and six persons (FE-7.2, LCO-2).(vi) Given the necessary equipment and operating both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall raise every type and size of ground ladder used by the department, including: flat raise, beam raise; under an overhead obstruction; auditorium raise; and multiple residence raise (FE-7.2, LCO-2).(vii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall correctly climb the full length of every type of ground and aerial ladder used by the department (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(viii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall correctly climb the full length of every type of ground and aerial ladder used by the department carrying firefighting tools or equipment while ascending and descending the ladder (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(ix) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the specified department methods of working from ground or aerial ladders with tools and appliances, with and without a life belt (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(x) Given the necessary equipment and operating both as an individual and as member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the method of working from a ladder with charged attack lines from a pumper of two different sizes, each of which shall be 1 1/2inches or larger (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(xi) Given the necessary equipment and a simulated victim, the student firefighter shall correctly climb the full length of every type of ground and aerial ladder used by the department, and bring an "injured person" down the ladder (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(9) Hose practices. (i) Given an approved fire department pumper, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and describe the sizes, types, amounts and use of hose carried on that pumper (FE-6.1).(ii) Given the necessary equipment and operating both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall advance dry hose lines of two different sizes from a pumper, each of which shall be 1 1/2 inches or larger: into a structure; up a ladder into an upper floor; up an inside stairway to an upper floor; up an outside stairway to an upper floor; down an inside stairway to a lower floor; down an outside stairway to a lower floor; and to an upper floor by hoisting (FE-8.1).(iii) Given the necessary equipment and operating both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall advance charged attack lines from a pumper of two different sizes, each of which shall be 1 1/2inches or larger: into a structure; up a ladder through a window into an upper floor; up an inside stairway to an upper floor; up an outside stairway to an upper floor; down an inside stairway to a lower floor; down an outside stairway to a lower floor; and to an upper floor by hoisting (FE-8.1).(iv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the connection of fire hose to a hydrant and the operation of fully opening and closing the hydrant (FE-8.1, PO-4).(v) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the proper procedure for cleaning hose, couplings and nozzles and inspecting for damage (FE-6.1).(vi) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the inspection and maintenance of fire hose, couplings and nozzles and recommend replacement or repair as needed (FE-6.1).(vii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe and explain the proper procedure for conducting an annual service test for fire hose (FE-6.1).(viii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the methods of carrying hose into a building to be connected to a standpipe and the methods of advancing a hose line from a standpipe as specified by the department (FE-8).(ix) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the loading of fire hose on fire apparatus as prescribed by the department and shall verbally explain the purpose of at least three types of hose loads and finishes (FE-8).(x) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance at least three hose rolls as specified by the department (FE-6.4).(xi) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance at least two hose carries as specified by the department (FE-6.4).(xii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance at least two hose drags as specified by the department (FE-6.4).(xiii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the methods for extending a hose line and replacing a burst section as specified by the department (FE-8.1).(xiv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance all hand hose lays used by the department (FE-6.5).(10) Forcible entry. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally explain how to determine the size of an opening for ventilation, how to locate these openings, and the precautions to be taken during ventilation (FE-10.1). (11) Ventilation. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing, define the principles of ventilation and explain the advantages and effects of ventilation (FE-10.1).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the dangers present and the precautions to be taken in performing ventilation (FE-10.1).(iii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain the theory of a "backdraft" explosion (FE-10.1).(12) Rescue. (i) Given the necessary resources and operating both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the removal of injured persons from the immediate hazard by using the prescribed carries and drags (FE-4.1).(ii) Given the necessary environment and conditions, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the procedure of searching for victims in burning, smoke-filled buildings or other hostile environments (FE-4.1).(iii) The student firefighter shall verbally describe some dangers of search and rescue missions in tunnels, caves, construction sites and other hazardous areas (FE-4.1, RST-1).(iv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance all of the different types of equipment used by the department for forced ventilation (FE-10.1).(v) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance ventilation using water fog (FE-10.1).(vi) Given the necessary resources and operating as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the extrication of a victim from a vehicular accident (AVET-1).(13) Salvage and overhaul. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the purpose of salvage and its value to the public and the fire department (FE-11.3).(ii) Using a salvage cover and working both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the folds and/or rolls of salvage covers as prescribed by the department (FE-11.3).(iii) Given the necessary equipment and working both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance salvage cover throws and spreads (FE-11.3).(iv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance proper procedures for inspecting, cleaning, maintaining and storing salvage equipment (FE-11.3).(v) Given salvage equipment but excluding salvage covers, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance: removal of debris; removal and routing of water from a structure; and providing temporary protective covering for openings in structures (FE-11.3).(vi) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the covering or closing of openings made during firefighting operations (FE-11.3).(vii) Given salvage equipment and operating both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the construction and use of a water chute (FE-11.3).(viii) Given salvage equipment and operating both as an individual and as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the construction and use of a water catch-all (FE-11.3).(ix) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the fire department procedure for overhaul of a building and its contents (FE-11.3).(x) The student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the methods and procedures used to detect and extinguish hidden fires (FE-11.2).(14) Communications. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the purpose and functioning of all alarm receiving instruments and personnel alerting equipment in the fire station (FE-13.1).(ii) Given the necessary resources, the student firefighter shall demonstrate the proper use of radio equipment, both mobile and portable (FE-13.1).(iii) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the prescribed fire department radio procedures (FE-13.1).(iv) Given the necessary resources, the student firefighter shall demonstrate arrival and situation reports over fire department radios as specified by the department (FE-13.1).(v) Given simulated situations, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the correct procedure for a citizen to report a fire or other emergency (FE-13.1).(vi) Given various situations, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance, correctly receiving an alarm or a report of an emergency and initiating proper action (FE-13.1).(15) Fire pumps. (i) The student firefighter shall identify the basic types of pump design and describe the principles of operation of each (PO-1).(ii) The student firefighter shall identify and describe the four basic methods of power transfer to the pump and list advantages and disadvantages of each (PO-1).(iii) The student firefighter shall describe the different types of priming devices and list the basic principles of the operation of each (PO-1).(iv) The student firefighter shall describe the purpose, principles and procedures of operation of relief valves (PO-1).(v) The student firefighter shall describe and explain the principles and operation of the governor (PO-1).(vi) The student firefighter shall name at least five types of pressure (PO-2).(vii) Given the necessary information, the student firefighter shall calculate the friction loss, nozzle pressure and pump pressure for at least five different hose line layouts (PO-2).(viii) The student firefighter shall define a fire stream and explain the different uses, sizes and types (PO-5, IFA-2).(ix) The student firefighter shall identify the characteristics of all types of fire streams (IFA-2).(x) The student firefighter shall define the term "water hammer" and state at least one method for its prevention (PO-1).(xi) The student firefighter shall identify four special stream nozzles and demonstrate at least two kinds of those identified (PO-5, IFA-2).(xii) The student firefighter shall describe the motor pump operator's role in hydrant water supply operations (PO-4).(xiii) The student firefighter shall identify six factors that may affect a hydrant's usability (PO-4).(xiv) The student firefighter shall identify and explain the two basic types of foam and describe applications for each (PO-A).(xv) Given a specific pumper used by his fire department, the student firefighter shall list and explain the types and principles of operation of its various motor, cab and pump controls (PO-1).(xvi) The student firefighter shall demonstrate the operation and use of portable fire service pump equipment (PO-3).(xvii) The student firefighter shall explain and demonstrate the process of drafting water with fire service pump equipment (PO-3).(xviii) The student firefighter shall explain and demonstrate the role and responsibilities of the motor pump operator in relay water supply operations (PO-3).(xix) Given the necessary apparatus and operating as a member of a team, the student firefighter operating as the motor pump operator shall successfully operate the necessary equipment to establish a viable water supply from the following: booster tank; draft; hydrant; tandem pumping operations; portable pumps; and pumper relay operations (PO-4).(xx) Given the necessary apparatus and operating as a member of a team, the student firefighter operating as the motor pump operator shall successfully produce the following fire streams as directed: initial fire attack lines - 1 1/2 inch, 1 3/4 inch and 2 inch handling; back-up blitz attack - 2 1/2 inch and multiple lines; master stream - 400 gallons per minute plus flow; elevated master stream - 600 gallons per minute plus flow and 50 foot elevation; and special appliance streams (PO-5, IFA-5, 6).(xxi) Given the necessary apparatus and operating as a member of a team, the student firefighter operating as the motor pump operator shall successfully conduct a booster tank fireflow test and produce the following information: booster tank capacity in gallons; tank to pump flow capacity in gallons per minute; and duration of tank water with initial preconnect handlines operating at full capacity flow (PO-5).(16) Aerial ladders and elevated devices. (i) The student firefighter shall identify each type of ladder, its parts and define its use (FE-7.1, LCO-2, RST-2).(ii) The student firefighter shall identify the materials used in ladder construction (FE-7.1, LCO-2).(iii) The student firefighter shall identify the load safety features of all ground and aerial ladders (LCO-2).(iv) The student firefighter shall identify and explain the basic functions for which a ladder company is responsible, including fire and non-fire situations (LCO-1).(v) The student firefighter shall name the types of ladder company apparatus, identify and explain the use of required and operational ladder company tools and equipment, including ground ladders (LCO-1).(vi) The student firefighter shall explain verbally and/or in writing the various safety practices involving aerial ladders (FE-7.1, LCO-3).(vii) The student firefighter shall climb the full length of a ground and aerial ladder carrying firefighting tools or equipment while ascending and descending (FE-7.1).(viii) The student firefighter shall climb the full length of a ground and aerial ladder and bring an "injured person" down (FE-7.1).(ix) The student firefighter shall demonstrate the techniques of working from aerial ladders with tools, appliances and hose lines utilizing a safety belt or leg lock, as appropriate (FE-7.1).(17) Fire streams and hydraulics. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally explain three conditions that result in pressure losses in a hose line (PO-2).(ii) Given a selection of nozzles and tips, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain their type, design, operation, nozzle pressure and flow in GPM for proper operation of each (PO-5, IFA-2).(iii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing define a fire stream (PO-5, IFA-2).(iv) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance how to properly open and close a nozzle (PO-5, IFA-2).(v) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify the characteristics of given types of fire streams (PO-5, IFA-2).(vi) Given the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall verbally identify the special stream nozzles and demonstrate by actual performance at least two uses or applications for each (PO-5, IFA-2).(vii) The student firefighter shall verbally identify three observable results that are obtained when the proper application of a fog stream is accomplished (PO-5, IFA-2).(viii) Given the necessary resources, the student firefighter shall verbally identify and physically select and assemble those items required to develop at least three types of fire streams (PO-5, IFA-2).(ix) The student firefighter shall verbally explain the following: "normal operating pressure" of a water distribution system; "residual pressure" of a water distribution system; and "flow-pressure" from an opening that is flowing water (PO-2).(x) The student firefighter shall verbally explain the parts of a water distribution system, including distributors and primary and secondary feeders (PO-8).(xi) The student firefighter shall verbally describe and explain dry and wet barrel fire hydrants (PO-8).(xii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe and explain the following types of water main valves: indicating; nonindicating; post indicator; and outside screw and yoke (PO-8).(18) Hazardous materials and radiation.(i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing list the classes of hazardous materials as specified in CFR title 49 (ECHMI I-1.2).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing list at least two properties of each class of hazardous materials and give examples of each (ECHMI I-1.1).(iii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify the class of any hazardous material from its appropriate label and/or placard as specified in CFR title 49 and shall differentiate among the various labels and placards (ECHMI I-1.2).(iv) Given an appropriate problem in a simulated hazardous materials incident, the student firefighter shall effectively use the Emergency Response Guidebook to identify the hazard involved and the corrective action necessary (ECHMI I-1.3).(v) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the NFPA 704M identification system and explain how it is utilized by emergency service personnel (ECHMI I-1.3).(vi) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify three additional resource materials available to fire service personnel and demonstrate how to utilize each resource to obtain information (ECHMI I-1.3).(vii) The student firefighter shall explain verbally and/or in writing the actions required during each phase of fire department response to a hazardous materials incident (ECHMI I-3.2).(viii) Given the necessary information in a simulated format, the student firefighter shall describe a safe and effective course of action in response to the problem presented by the incident described (ECHMI I-3.2).(ix) Given case history studies of actual hazardous materials incidents, the student firefighter shall explain the correct and incorrect actions that were taken in dealing with each incident (ECHMI I-4.3).(x) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing list and define ionizing and non-ionizing radiation (RSF-2).(xi) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing list and describe all three major factors that determine the amount of radiation exposure at a radiation emergency (RSF-2).(xii) When considering radiation exposure in humans, the student firefighter shall describe: methods of radiation exposure; signs and symptoms of exposure at various doses; "banking" of radiation; REM and roentgen; "once in lifetime dose"; and protection equipment and exposure prevention measures for fire service personnel (RSF-2).(xiii) The student firefighter shall identify and describe the role of the fire service in radiation incidents of various magnitudes (RSF-3).(xiv) Given the necessary radiation detection and monitoring equipment, the student firefighter shall identify, calibrate and operate the following: CDV-700 survey meter; CDV-715; and pocket dosimeter (RSF-3).(xv) Given the necessary equipment and an actual or simulated radioactive source, the student firefighter shall explain and demonstrate the procedures necessary for radiation detection, monitoring, scene control, incident command and personnel decontamination (RSF-3).(19) Natural cover firefighting. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain the various factors that influence the behavior of a natural cover fire (GBFF-1).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain the various types of natural cover fires (GBFF-1).(iii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain the various types of fuels involved in natural cover fires (GBFF-1).(iv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and explain the various factors involved in sizing up a natural cover fire situation (GBFF-2).(v) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify and define the uniform terms used to describe the parts of a forest fire (GBFF-2).(vi) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify the safety hazards associated with: the actual natural cover fire; the terrain that a natural cover fire may involve; and the actual combatting and controlling of natural cover fires (GBFF-2).(vii) The student firefighter shall explain and demonstrate the standard methods of attacking a natural cover fire (GBFF-2).(viii) The student firefighter shall identify the correct name and component parts, explain the function, and demonstrate the use of all small hand tools and portable equipment utilized for combatting and controlling natural cover fires (GBFF-2).(ix) Given a simulated natural cover fire scenario, necessary tools and equipment and working both as an individual and as a member of a fire suppression crew, the student firefighter shall identify, explain and demonstrate incident sizeup, attack plan strategy and fire control tactics necessary to handle the situation (GBFF-3).(20) First aid. (i) Using a simulated victim, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by performance and explanation a primary survey for life-threatening injuries (SFA).(ii) Using a simulated victim, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by performance and explanation, procedures for determining whether a victim has an open airway (SFA).(iii) Using available teaching aids, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by simulation and explanation, procedures for establishing an open airway in a non-breathing person without special resuscitation equipment (SFA).(iv) Using available teaching aids, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance ventilation using mouth-to-mask resuscitation (SFA).(v) Using available teaching aids, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance, bag valve mask and/or positive pressure ventilation (SFA).(vi) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the signs of cardiac arrest (SFA, CPR).(vii) Using available teaching aids, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SFA, CPR).(viii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify three types of external bleeding and describe the characteristics of each (SFA).(ix) Using a simulated victim, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and explanation, the techniques for controlling external bleeding (SFA).(x) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain four sources from which information might be gathered pertaining to the nature of an accident victim's injuries (FE-4.2, SFA).(xi) Given specified situations, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain what injuries might be suspected from observation of the injury-producing mechanisms in addition to those obvious injuries (FE-4.2, SFA).(xii) Given a simulated victim, the student firefighter shall conduct a secondary survey for other-than-life-threatening injuries (SFA).(xiii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the symptoms of internal bleeding (SFA).(xiv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain proper emergency care for a person with known or suspected internal bleeding (SFA).(xv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing list the classes of thermal burns according to severity and explain the physical characteristics of each class (SFA).(xvi) Given specified situations, the student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the emergency care procedure indicated and the significance of each step (FE-4.2, SFA).(xvii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the emergency care for chemical burns, including those of the eyes (SFA).(xviii) The student firefighter shall, verbally and/or in writing, identify the types of fractures and describe their differences (FE-4.2, SFA).(xix) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing identify the general signs and symptoms of fractures (FE-4.2, SFA).(xx) Given an identified fracture and a simulated victim, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance, proper emergency care in transporting the victim (SFA).(xxi) The student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance and verbal explanation the anatomical process of breating (SFA).(xxii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the heart-lung-brain relationship as it affects life and what occurs when an airway obstruction is not corrected (SFA).(xxiii) Using available teaching aids and operating as a member of a team, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance, cardiopulmonary resuscitation employing the two-person technique (SFA, CPR).(xxiv) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the symptoms of shock (FE-4.2, SFA).(xxv) Given a simulated victim, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance how to treat traumatic shock (FE-4.2, SFA).(22) Arson cause and origin investingation. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing explain the responsibilities in determining the point of origin, cause and protection of evidence in fires of a suspicious nature (FBAA-1, 2, 3, 4).(23) Incident command system (ICS).(i) The student firefighter shall identify the need for an organized approach to management of emergency incidents (IC-1).(ii) The student firefighter shall describe the factors that affect emergency management and list the components of an emergency management system (IC-1).(iii) The student firefighter shall identify the responsibilities of the incident commander and the command staff positions (IC-2).(iv) The student firefighter shall describe the logical expansion of the Incident Command System and the interrelationship of the various elements and functions (IC-2).(v) The student firefighter shall apply the Incident Command System to various incident scenarios (IC-3).(vi) The student firefighter shall define and explain responsibilities of operations, planning, logistics and finance as functions within ICS (IC-4).(vii) The student firefighter shall demonstrate the ability to use the major functions of ICS through a structured small group activity (IC-5).(viii) The student firefighter shall be able to apply ICS principles to emergency scenarios of various sizes, types and complexities (IC-6).(24) Prefire, disaster and master planning. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the need for pre-incident planning (ECHMI I-3.1).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing list the seven steps in developing a master emergency plan (ECHMI I-3.1).(25) Tactics and strategy. (i) When provided with a real or simulated situation, the student firefighter shall demonstrate by actual performance the assuming of command of a fireground function in the absence of a required officer (IFA, IC).(ii) When provided with the necessary equipment, the student firefighter shall by demonstration launch an attack on both a class "A" and a class "B" fire (IFA).(26) Apparatus driving, operation and maintenance. (i) The student firefighter shall verbally and/or in writing describe the rules and regulations that govern the safe operation of fire apparatus in the various responses (Local Program).(ii) The student firefighter shall verbally describe the procedure for placement and set- up for engine and ladder companies at first-due alarms (Local Program).(iii) The student firefighter shall verbally describe and demonstrate the pre-fire and post-fire maintenance required for department apparatus (Local Program). [FN*] Indicates training which must be accomplished at the local level.
N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. Tit. 19 § 426.6