Opinion
No. 43,948-CA.
January 28, 2009.
Appeal from the 26th Judicial District Court, Bossier Parish, No. 117079, Dewey E. Burchett, Jr., J.
Robert R. Faucheaux, Jr., for Plaintiffs-Appellants.
James D. "Buddy" Caldwell, Attorney General, Gregory S. Barkley, Assistant Attorney General, for Defendants-Appellee.
Before WILLIAMS, GASKINS and DREW, JJ.
In this suit against the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD), the plaintiffs claim they were injured in a two-vehicle accident caused by the other driver losing control of his vehicle, allegedly due to ruts in a roadway maintained by DOTD. They appeal from a trial court judgment sustaining the exception of no cause of action filed by DOTD and dismissing their suit. We reverse and remand.
FACTS
On June 27, 2004, the plaintiffs were traveling north on Highway 71 in Bossier Parish. Eddie G. Ward, Sr. was driving a 2004 Chevrolet Impala, and Patricia Ward was a passenger. Jarret N. Barrett was traveling south in a 2001 GMC Sierra pickup truck. After passing another southbound vehicle, Barrett was reentering his travel lane when he allegedly lost control of his truck, which then collided with the plaintiffs' car. Both of the Wards were injured.
On May 11, 2005, the plaintiffs filed the present suit (# 117,079) against DOTD, alleging that ruts in the roadway contributed to Barrett losing control of his truck and that the ruts were caused by DOTD's failure to properly maintain Highway 71.
On November 2, 2006, DOTD filed an answer in which it also asserted an exception of vagueness as to the allegations of fault and damages, its statutory defenses, comparative fault, and fault of third persons. On March 26, 2008, the plaintiffs filed their first amended petition, expanding the allegations as to their damages and DOTD's fault.
The next day, on May 12, 2005, the plaintiffs filed a separate suit (# 117,086) against Jarret Barrett, Larry D. Barrett, and their insurer, United Services Automobile Association (USAA), for the same damages arising from the same accident. However, in that suit, the plaintiffs alleged only the fault of the Barretts and made no mention of ruts in the road contributing to the accident. DOTD asserted without contradiction that the plaintiffs dismissed this suit with prejudice in June 2007, after the concursus judgment discussed infra.
On December 16, 2005, USAA filed a suit for a concursus (# 118,822) for all damages arising from the accident. Among the defendants were the Wards and LSU Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC); however, DOTD was not named as a party to this suit. USAA deposited its policy limits into the registry of the court. In February 2007, a consent judgment was entered in the concursus proceeding for division of the monies on deposit.
While no copy of this suit is found in the appellate record, the plaintiffs admitted to its basic facts in their memorandum in opposition to DOTD's exception.
On April 4, 2008, DOTD filed an exception of no cause of action in the instant suit (# 117,079), arguing that the plaintiffs improperly split their cause of action, citing the two other suits related to the accident. As a result, DOTD contended that the plaintiffs' claims were extinguished and precluded by judgment pursuant to La.C.C.P. art. 425(A). In response, the plaintiffs argued that under the doctrine of res judicata, two causes of action were permitted.
A hearing on the exception was held on June 16, 2008. The trial court sustained the exception of no cause of action and dismissed the plaintiffs' claims with prejudice. Judgment was signed that same day. The plaintiffs appeal.
LAW
Res judicata is governed by La.R.S. 13:4231:
Except as otherwise provided by law, a valid and final judgment is conclusive between the same parties, except on appeal or other direct review, to the following extent:
(1) If the judgment is in favor of the plaintiff, all causes of action existing at the time of final judgment arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation are extinguished and merged in the judgment.
(2) If the judgment is in favor of the defendant, all causes of action existing at the time of final judgment arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation are extinguished and the judgment bars a subsequent action on those causes of action.
(3) A judgment in favor of either the plaintiff or the defendant is conclusive, in any subsequent action between them, with respect to any issue actually litigated and determined if its determination was essential to that judgment. [Emphasis added.]
Exceptions to the general rule of res judicata are set forth in La.R.S. 13:4232; in relevant part, it states:
A. A judgment does not bar another action by the plaintiff:
(1) When exceptional circumstances justify relief from the res judicata effect of the judgment;
(2) When the judgment dismissed the first action without prejudice; or,
(3) When the judgment reserved the right of the plaintiff to bring another action.
Without identity between the parties in the first and subsequent actions, an exception of res judicata will not be maintained. Hudson v. City of Bossier, 33,620 (La.App. 2d Cir. 8/25/00), 766 So.2d 738, writ denied, 2000-2687 (La. 11/27/00), 775 So.2d 450. Identity of parties does not mean that the parties must be the same physical or material parties, but they must appear in the suit in the same quality or capacity. Hudson, supra.
Preclusion by judgment is found in La.C.C.P. art. 425(A), which provides:
A party shall assert all causes of action arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation.
When the res judicata law was revised in 1990, La.C.C.P. art. 425 was amended in the same act to expand its scope "to reflect the changes made in the defense of res judicata and [to put] the parties on notice that all causes of action arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation must be raised." See Acts 1990, No. 521; La.C.C.P. art. 425, Comment — 1990.
La.C.C.P. art. 425 operates in tandem with the res judicata statutes and they must be read in para materia. Walker v. Howell, 2004-246 (La.App. 3rd Cir. 12/15/04), 896 So.2d 110; Butler v. United States Automobile Association Insurance Company, 2004-2562 (La.App. 1st Cir. 12/22/05), 928 So.2d 53, writ denied, 2006-0182 (La. 4/24/06), 926 So.2d 546. An exception of res judicata is the proper procedural vehicle to enforce La.C.C.P. art. 425's mandate by barring claims that were or could have been litigated in a previous lawsuit. Walker, supra. While La.C.C.P. art. 425 requires a party to "assert all causes of action arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation," it contains no penalty provision; rather, it is merely a reference to the principles of res judicata. Gaspard v. Allstate Insurance Company, 2004-1502 (La.App. 3rd Cir. 5/4/05), 903 So.2d 518, writ denied, 2005-1510 (La. 12/16/05), 917 So.2d 1114; Butler, supra; Spires v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., 2008-573 (La.App. 3rd Cir. 11/5/08), 996 So.2d 697. All of the elements of res judicata, such as identity of parties, must be met for an exception to enforce La.C.C.P. art. 425 to be maintained. Gaspard, supra.
DISCUSSION
The plaintiffs argue that under res judicata, they are not barred from pursuing multiple law suits. Under the circumstances presented here, we agree.
According to DOTD, the plaintiffs were obliged under La.C.C.P. art. 425(A) to assert all causes of action arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the litigation. DOTD argues that that article is designed to prevent re-litigation of the same issues over and over. Specifically, DOTD maintains that the plaintiffs split their cause of action and should have third-partied it into the concursus proceeding.
The plaintiffs respond that DOTD was made a party to the concursus through another state agency, LSUHSC. DOTD, as a department of the state, is a state agency for purposes of statutes pertaining to suits against the state, state agencies, or political subdivisions. La.R.S. 13:5101, et seq.; Scott v. Clark, 583 So.2d 938 (La.App. 1st Cir. 1991). So is LSUHSC. See Taylor v. LSU Medical Center, 38,944 (La.App. 2d Cir. 10/14/04), 892 So.2d 581, writ denied, 2005-0480 (La. 5/20/05), 902 So.2d 1049. However, we are unaware of any authority for the proposition that DOTD and LSUHSC are interchangeable as parties in litigation. Nor is there any authority that we are aware of that supports the position that naming one state agency as a party in a lawsuit makes another completely unrelated state agency a party for res judicata purposes when nothing in the lawsuit suggests any involvement or connection to the unrelated state agency.
This argument does not help plaintiffs. If DOTD had been a party to the concursus, then the judgment would most likely have precluded any further action against DOTD as being res judicata. See Rehabilitation Concepts Plus, Inc. v. Wills, 42,400 (La.App. 2d Cir. 10/10/07), 968 So.2d 262.
DOTD would not have been a proper party in the concursus proceeding. In an injury claim, only the casualty insurer, admitting liability for the full amount of the insurance coverage, may implead a concursus proceeding. La.C.C.P. art. 4652. A concursus proceeding is one in which two or more persons having competing or conflicting claims to money, property, or mortgages or privileges on property are impleaded and required to assert their respective claims contradictorily against all other parties to the proceeding. La.C.C.P. 4651. In this concursus proceeding, where the insurance money was deposited and the defendants were potential claimants to the money, it would have been improper to third-party DOTD, who was not a potential claimant. DOTD was not a party to the concursus proceeding, nor should it have been. Therefore, we find the trial court erred in granting DOTD's exception and dismissing the plaintiff's suit.
CONCLUSION
The judgment of the trial court granting DOTD's exception of no cause of action is reversed, and the matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings. Costs of this appeal are assessed, to the extent permitted by law, to the appellee.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.