Opinion
No. 34454.
March 23, 1966.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County.
Earl Faircloth, Atty. Gen., and James G. Mahorner, Asst. Atty. Gen., for petitioner.
John D. Buchanan, Jr., Tallahassee, for respondent.
This cause is before us on petition for writ of certiorari to review a decision of the District Court of Appeal, First District, asserted to be in conflict with State v. O'Neal, 174 So.2d 564, 565 (Fla.App.2d 1965), Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. v. Baynard, 112 Fla. 544, 151 So. 5 (1933) and Jones v. State, 44 Fla. 74, 32 So. 793, 794 (Fla. 1902).
173 So.2d 723 (Fla.App.1st 1965).
Respondent pleaded guilty to, and was convicted of, assault with intent to commit murder. Subsequently, on November 9, 1963, respondent filed an "amended motion" to vacate sentence and judgment in the Circuit Court. The motion was denied by the trial court in an order stating: "The same question was presented to this court by the same defendant in a prior motion" which had been denied August 5, 1963.
Respondent appealed from the order denying the amended motion for vacation of judgment and sentence. The record presented to the appellate court did not include a copy of the first motion for vacation of judgment and sentence upon which the Circuit Court based its ruling.
The District Court reversed and remanded with directions to grant a prompt hearing on the motion. The court stated that either party had the right to have included copies of the prior motion and order in the transcript of record and that the failure to do so prevented the court from determining the question of whether the lower court properly dismissed the amended motion. Precedent requires us to disagree and hold that, in such circumstance, the statement of fact by the trial judge must be accepted.
In State v. O'Neal, supra, the order sought to be reviewed contained an assertion that the prosecution under the information quashed had previously been abandoned or dismissed by the State but the record submitted contained neither conclusive support nor contradiction of such assertion. The court, affirming the trial court, held:
"In the absence of all the record that was adduced below, we must accept the circuit judge's statement in the order *."
In Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Co. v. Baynard, supra, this court held that where the alleged error is not made to appear in the record, the presumption in favor of the correctness of the court's ruling requires that the issue be resolved against the appellant.
In Jones v. State, supra, this court held it must be assumed that the statement of the trial court made in denying the motion for continuance was fully warranted by the facts if the contrary was not made apparent.
We adhere to the principle of law enunciated in the above cited cases. Certiorari is granted, the decision of the District Court of Appeal is quashed and the cause remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent herewith.
It is so ordered.
THORNAL, C.J., and THOMAS and ROBERTS, JJ., concur.
ERVIN, J., dissents with opinion.
In this case it appears successive motions under Criminal Procedure Rule 1, F.S.A. ch. 924 Appendix were made in the Circuit Court by the Respondent, seeking to vacate his sentence. Both motions were denied, the second being denied because the Circuit Court found it was predicated upon the same grounds presented and denied in the first motion.
It is true the denial of a similar second motion in a Rule 1 proceeding on the ground of res adjudicate is a proper disposition of an application because the language in the Rule provides "* * * [t]he sentencing court shall not be required to entertain a second or successive motion for similar relief on behalf of the same prisoner."
However, I cannot agree with the State that the order of the Circuit Court in this case denying the second motion must be conclusively presumed to be correct on appeal, absent a showing to the contrary in the transcript.
As implied by the District Court in this case, the State (which did not prevail on appeal) had the duty not to rely upon the presumption of correctness of the order of denial of the second motion or its res adjudicata effect, but should have filed directions to the Clerk of the Circuit Court to include copies of the first motion and the order thereon in the transcript in order that the res adjudicate determination could be reviewed.
The reason it was incumbent upon the State in the appeal to have the transcript reflect the original motion and the order thereon arises from the fact Rule 1 motions are designed to get at the heart of a prisoner's claim that the judgment of conviction and sentence under which he is restrained is fundamentally defective. To this end the rule requires a conclusive affirmative showing from the motion and the files and the original record of his case that a prisoner is entitled to no relief. Thus in Rule 1 proceedings the burden is upon the State both in the circuit court and the appellate court to make it affirmatively appear from the original records of the case that the prisoner is entitled to no relief. Once this is affirmatively shown, the motion can be denied and the denial affirmed on appeal, with res adjudicate effect upon any subsequent motion under Rule 1 or any application for a writ of habeas corpus. It is clear from the language of Rule 1 the total original record of a criminal case is opened for consideration, but a subsequent order denying a motion in a Rule 1 proceeding is not a part of the original record which is resorted to in order to determine whether fundamental error was committed in the conviction of a prisoner.
In Sanders v. United States, 373 U.S. 1, 83 S.Ct. 1068, 10 L.Ed.2d 148, construing 28 U.S.C.A. § 2255, upon which our Rule 1 is based, the Supreme Court of the United States said with reference to a second motion in a Rule 1 proceeding after a first one had been denied:
"* * * the test is the `ends of justice' and it cannot be too finely particularized."
* * * * * *
"* * * In either case, full consideration of the merits of the new application can be avoided only if there has been an abuse of the writ or motion remedy; and this the Government has the burden of pleading. * * *" (Emphasis supplied.)
In Archer v. State, 166 So.2d 163 (DCA.2d 1964), a second Rule 1 motion was initially denied on the ground that the issue involved had been adjudicated previously. In reversing, the District Court of Appeal emphasized that
"* * * In cases where the second or successive application is shown to be conclusively without merit on the basis of the motion and files and records of the case, such motion should be denied without a hearing. * * *" (Emphasis supplied.)
In other words, what the original record of a criminal case reflects and not a later disposition of the first Rule 1 motion is the criterion for determining the merits of the application, both on a hearing in the Circuit Court and on an appeal. See, also, Armstrong v. State (Fla.App), 165 So.2d 233, and Simpson v. State (Fla.App.), 165 So.2d 195.
Interestingly in this case, the District Court found from the transcript of the record of the trial resulting in the judgment of conviction and sentence of Respondent that the prisoner was apparently entitled to relief because the judgment of conviction was entered pursuant to a guilty plea of the Respondent who was under 21 years of age, unfamiliar with the law and court procedure, and without assistance of counsel or offer or waiver of services of court-appointed counsel.
Despite the fact in the appeal the transcript reflected the foregoing situation where the "Gideon doctrine" may well apply, the State made no factual affirmative showing that Respondent was entitled to no relief. Under these circumstances, I do not believe the District Court was in error in refusing to accord a conclusive presumption of correctness to the order of the Circuit Court denying the second Rule 1 motion. Instead, it looked to the merits of the case as reflected by the transcript before it and took action accordingly.