Summary
In People v. Owen, 75 Misc.3d 127 (A) (App. Term, Second Dept, 2022), the Court referred to the Dräger as a "chemical test" and found it admissible where it was administered within two hours of arrest in accordance with VTL 1194[2]).
Summary of this case from People v. HernandezOpinion
2019-654 N CR
04-21-2022
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Jonathan OWEN, Appellant.
Martin Geoffrey Goldberg, for appellant. Nassau County District Attorney, Andrea M. Digregorio and Kelly Gans of counsel, for respondent.
Martin Geoffrey Goldberg, for appellant.
Nassau County District Attorney, Andrea M. Digregorio and Kelly Gans of counsel, for respondent.
PRESENT: TIMOTHY S. DRISCOLL, J.P., JERRY GARGUILO, ELIZABETH H. EMERSON, JJ.
ORDERED that the judgment of conviction is affirmed.
Insofar as is relevant to this appeal, following a jury trial, defendant was convicted of driving while intoxicated per se ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 [2] ), and sentence was imposed. On appeal, defendant contends that the evidence was legally insufficient, the verdict was against the weight of the evidence, he received the ineffective assistance of counsel, and the District Court improperly denied his CPL 440.10 motion to vacate the judgment.
Defendant's contention regarding the legal sufficiency of the evidence is unpreserved for appellate review since, at trial, he failed to raise the specific arguments he now makes on appeal (see CPL 470.05 [2] ; People v Hawkins , 11 NY3d 484, 491-492 [2008] ; People v Hines , 97 NY2d 56, 61 [2001] ; People v Gray , 86 NY2d 10 [1995] ), and we will not consider this contention in the interest of justice. However, as there is no preservation requirement associated with defendant's contention that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence, we must determine whether all of the elements of the crime as charged to the jury were proven beyond a reasonable doubt as part of our weight of the evidence review (see People v Danielson , 9 NY3d 342, 348-349 [2007] ; People v Thiel , 134 AD3d 1237 [2015] ).
In order for defendant to be found guilty of driving while intoxicated per se, the People had to establish, beyond a reasonable doubt, that defendant operated his vehicle "while ... [he] has .08 of one per centum or more by weight of alcohol in [his] blood as shown by chemical analysis of [his] ... breath" ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 [2] ). Pursuant to Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1194 (2), a chemical test must be administered within two hours after either (1) a driver is arrested or stopped based on the police officer's reasonable belief that the driver operated a vehicle in violation of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1194 [2] [a] [1] ), or (2) a field test (i.e., a portable breath test [PBT]) indicates that the driver has consumed alcohol (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1194 [2] [a] [2] ). Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1195 (1) provides that evidence of a defendant's blood alcohol content (BAC) is admissible at trial if the chemical test was administered in accordance with the provisions of Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1194 (2).
The relevant evidence adduced at trial showed that an accident took place at about 8:45 p.m., the trooper arrived at the scene at about 9:15 p.m., and he administered a PBT to defendant at 9:29 p.m. The PBT indicated that defendant's BAC was .07. Defendant was arrested at 9:30 p.m. The trooper testified that PBTs are not standardized and are not calibrated, and, therefore, although the PBT indicated that defendant had a BAC of .07, it could have, in fact, been as high as .09 or .10. At 10:07 p.m., a chemical Drager Alco test was administered to defendant and that test indicated that defendant's BAC was .09. Defendant argues that the BAC result of his field PBT, administered at 9:29 p.m., is a better indicator of his BAC at the time of his 8:45 p.m. accident than the Drager Alco test result, which showed his BAC at the time that latter test was taken at 10:07 p.m.
Evidence of PBT results are not admissible as proof of intoxication because their reliability for this purpose is generally not accepted in the scientific community (see People v Krut , 133 AD3d 781, 784 [2015] ; People v Palencia , 130 AD3d 1072 [2015] ; People v Kulk , 103 AD3d 1038, 1040 [2013] ). Nevertheless, since the Drager Alco test was administered to defendant within the relevant two hour time period (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1194 [2] ), that test result was properly admitted as evidence of defendant's intoxication (see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1195 [1] ). Upon the exercise of our factual review power (see CPL 470.15 [5] ; Danielson , 9 NY3d at 342, 348-349 [2007] ), while according great deference to the trier of fact's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear their testimony, observe their demeanor, and assess their credibility (see People v Mateo , 2 NY3d 383, 410 [2004] ; People v Bleakley , 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987] ), we find, based on the aforementioned evidence adduced at trial, that the verdict convicting defendant of driving while intoxicated per se was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Romero , 7 NY3d 633, 643-646 [2006] ).
Upon a review of the record, we find that defendant's trial attorney provided him with meaningful representation in accordance with the New York State standard (see NY Const, art I, § 6 ; People v Caban , 5 NY3d 143, 155-156 [2005] ; People v Benevento , 91 NY2d 708, 713 [1998] ), and the effective assistance of counsel under the federal standard (see US Const Amend VI ; Strickland v Washington , 466 US 668 [1984] ).
We note that any issue regarding the denial of defendant's CPL 440.10 motion is not properly before this court as defendant did not obtain leave to appeal from that order (see CPL 450.15 [1] ; People v Hanner , 21 Misc 3d 134[A], 2008 NY Slip Op 52192[U] [App Term, 2d Dept, 9th & 10th Jud Dists 2008]).
Accordingly, the judgment of conviction is affirmed.
DRISCOLL, J.P., GARGUILO and EMERSON, JJ., concur.