Opinion
04-28-2017
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Charles GREFER, Defendant–Appellant.
Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Piotr Banasiak of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (James P. Maxwell of Counsel), for Respondent.
Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Piotr Banasiak of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (James P. Maxwell of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., SMITH, CENTRA, TROUTMAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
In appeal No. 1, defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon his plea of guilty of grand larceny in the second degree (Penal Law § 155.40[1] ) and, in appeal No. 2, he appeals from a judgment convicting him upon his plea of guilty of criminal tax fraud in the third degree (Tax Law § 1804 ). The guilty pleas were entered in one plea proceeding. We agree with defendant that the waiver of the right to appeal is invalid because "the minimal inquiry made by County Court was insufficient to establish that the court engage[d] the defendant in an adequate colloquy to ensure that the waiver of the right to appeal was a knowing and voluntary choice" (People v. Hassett, 119 A.D.3d 1443, 1443–1444, 988 N.Y.S.2d 831, lv. denied 24 N.Y.3d 961, 996 N.Y.S.2d 220, 20 N.E.3d 1000 [internal quotation marks omitted] ). In addition, "there is no basis upon which to conclude that the court ensured ‘that the defendant understood that the right to appeal is separate and distinct from those rights automatically forfeited upon a plea of guilty’ " (People v. Jones, 107 A.D.3d 1589, 1590, 966 N.Y.S.2d 724, lv. denied 21 N.Y.3d 1075, 974 N.Y.S.2d 324, 997 N.E.2d 149, quoting People v.
Lopez, 6 N.Y.3d 248, 256, 811 N.Y.S.2d 623, 844 N.E.2d 1145 ).
Defendant contends with respect to appeal No. 1 that the court erred in ordering restitution to Geico because, as the People concede, it did not sustain any out-of-pocket loss (see Penal Law § 60.27[1] ; People v. Horne, 97 N.Y.2d 404, 412, 740 N.Y.S.2d 675, 767 N.E.2d 132 ). Although defendant failed to preserve that contention for our review, we nevertheless exercise our power to address it as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see People v. Anderson, 70 A.D.3d 1320, 1320, 894 N.Y.S.2d 632, lv. denied 14 N.Y.3d 885, 903 N.Y.S.2d 773, 929 N.E.2d 1008 ; see generally Horne, 97 N.Y.2d at 414 n. 3, 740 N.Y.S.2d 675, 767 N.E.2d 132 ), and we modify the judgment in appeal No. 1 by vacating that order of restitution.
Defendant further contends with respect to appeal No. 1 that the court erred in imposing a 10% surcharge on the restitution orders. An additional surcharge of 5% is authorized only "[u]pon the filing of an affidavit of the official or organization designated pursuant to [CPL 420.10(8) ] demonstrating that the actual cost of the collection and administration of restitution ... in a particular case exceeds [5%] of the entire amount of the payment" (Penal Law § 60.27[8] ). "There is no affidavit in the record supporting the imposition of a 10% surcharge on the amount of restitution ordered in this case" (People v. Whitmore, 234 A.D.2d 1008, 1008, 652 N.Y.S.2d 182 ; see People v. Huddleston, 134 A.D.3d 1458, 1459, 21 N.Y.S.3d 796, lv. denied 27 N.Y.3d 966, 36 N.Y.S.3d 627, 56 N.E.3d 907 ). Although defendant failed to preserve his contention for our review (see People v. Kirkland, 105 A.D.3d 1337, 1338–1339, 963 N.Y.S.2d 793, lv. denied 21 N.Y.3d 1043, 972 N.Y.S.2d 540, 995 N.E.2d 856 ), we again exercise our power to review it as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see People v. Parker, 137 A.D.3d 1625, 1626–1627, 27 N.Y.S.3d 305 ; Huddleston, 134 A.D.3d at 1459, 21 N.Y.S.3d 796 ). We therefore further modify the judgment in appeal No. 1 by reducing the surcharge on the remaining orders of restitution to 5%.
Finally, we reject defendant's contention in appeal Nos. 1 and 2 that the sentence is unduly harsh and severe.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously modified as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice and on the law by vacating the order of restitution with respect to Geico and reducing the surcharge on the remaining orders of restitution to 5% of the amount of restitution, and as modified the judgment is affirmed.