Opinion
339 KA 14-00638.
04-29-2016
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Alexander BARBER–MONTEMAYOR, Defendant–Appellant.
Linda M. Campbell, Syracuse, for Defendant–Appellant. William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Victoria M. White of Counsel), for Respondent.
Linda M. Campbell, Syracuse, for Defendant–Appellant.
William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Victoria M. White of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., DeJOSEPH, NEMOYER, TROUTMAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ.
Opinion
MEMORANDUM: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him, upon a jury verdict, of burglary in the second degree (Penal Law § 140.25 [2] ), petit larceny (§ 155.25) and criminal possession of stolen property in the fourth degree (§ 165.45[4] ). We conclude that the Miranda warnings provided to defendant at the outset of custodial interrogation were not deficient. The “Miranda prophylaxis does not require a ‘ritualistic incantation of warnings in any particular language or form’ ” (People v. Snider, 258 A.D.2d 929, 930, 685 N.Y.S.2d 538, lv. denied 93 N.Y.2d 979, 695 N.Y.S.2d 65, 716 N.E.2d 1110 ; see California v. Prysock, 453 U.S. 355, 359–360, 101 S.Ct. 2806, 69 L.Ed.2d 696 ). “The inquiry is simply whether the warnings reasonably ‘conve[yed] to [a suspect] his [or her] rights as required by Miranda ’ ” ( Duckworth v. Eagan, 492 U.S. 195, 203, 109 S.Ct. 2875, 106 L.Ed.2d 166 ; see People v. Louisias, 29 A.D.3d 1017, 1018–1019, 815 N.Y.S.2d 727, lv. denied 7 N.Y.3d 814, 822 N.Y.S.2d 489, 855 N.E.2d 805 ). Here, the warnings adequately conveyed that defendant had the right not only to have a lawyer present during the entire questioning but to ask for or access that lawyer at any point during the questioning (see Florida v. Powell, 559 U.S. 50, 62–63, 130 S.Ct. 1195, 175 L.Ed.2d 1009 ).
County Court did not abuse its discretion in admitting evidence of an uncharged March 4 burglary and theft, as well as evidence of defendant's possession of the stolen guns in the days after that burglary. The People were entitled to establish, in support of the charge of criminal possession of stolen property, when and from where and whom the guns had been stolen. Moreover, the People were entitled to establish, in further support of that charge, that defendant had been in recent and exclusive possession of the stolen guns. The probative worth of the evidence on those issues outweighed any prejudicial tendency of the proof merely to show defendant's criminal propensity (see People v. Till, 87 N.Y.2d 835, 836–837, 637 N.Y.S.2d 681, 661 N.E.2d 153 ; People v. Ely, 68 N.Y.2d 520, 529, 510 N.Y.S.2d 532, 503 N.E.2d 88 ). The court also did not err in admitting in evidence the ammunition clip bearing defendant's fingerprint. The “connection between the object and the defendant ... [was] not so tenuous as to be improbable” (People v. Mirenda, 23 N.Y.2d 439, 453, 297 N.Y.S.2d 532, 245 N.E.2d 194 ; see People v. Lopez, 40 A.D.3d 1119, 1121, 837 N.Y.S.2d 286 ).
Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that the prosecutor's summation mischaracterized certain identification evidence and thus that he was denied a fair trial by prosecutorial misconduct (see CPL 470.05[2] ; People v. James, 114 A.D.3d 1202, 1206–1207, 980 N.Y.S.2d 645, lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1199, 986 N.Y.S.2d 420, 9 N.E.3d 915 ). In any event, there is no merit to the contention that the prosecutor mischaracterized that evidence (see People v. Sweney, 55 A.D.3d 1350, 1351, 864 N.Y.S.2d 634, lv. denied 11 N.Y.3d 901, 873 N.Y.S.2d 277, 901 N.E.2d 771 ), and we likewise reject defendant's contention that he was denied effective assistance of counsel as a result of defense counsel's failure to object to the comment (see People v. Lyon, 77 A.D.3d 1338, 1339, 908 N.Y.S.2d 291, lv. denied 15 N.Y.3d 954, 917 N.Y.S.2d 113, 942 N.E.2d 324 ).
Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that the court should have severed counts one through three from counts four through six of the indictment, inasmuch as he moved to sever only counts four and five from the remaining counts (see CPL 470.05[2] ). Moreover, whereas defendant now contends that the aforementioned evidence of the uncharged March 4 burglary and theft may have been probative of the March 5 burglary, but not of the events of March 7, he argued below that such Molineux evidence may have been probative in relation to the March 7 burglary and theft (counts 4 and 5), but not in relation to the March 5 incident or the charge of criminal possession of stolen property (counts 1 through 3 and 6). Additionally, defendant's present contention, i.e., that the counts arising out of the March 5 incident (counts 1 through 3) were not joinable in the first instance with the remaining counts because “not all defendants were jointly charged with every offense” (CPL 200.40[1][a] ), is raised for the first time on appeal, and we decline to exercise our power to review it as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15[6][a] ). Otherwise, we reject defendant's contention that the counts arising out of the March 5 incident should have been severed from the other counts. The counts were properly joined in the first instance pursuant to CPL 200.20(2)(c), i.e., as “defined by the same or similar statutory provisions and consequently ... the same or similar in law,” and defendant failed to establish good cause for severance (see CPL 200.20[3] ). There was no material variance in the quantity of proof for the separate incidents (see People v. Ford, 11 N.Y.3d 875, 879, 874 N.Y.S.2d 859, 903 N.E.2d 256 ). Moreover, “[t]he incidents occurred on different dates and the evidence as to each incident was presented through entirely different witnesses,” with the exception of a single witness, who was a codefendant (id. ). The evidence of the two crimes thus “was readily capable of being separated in the minds of the jury” (id. ) and, indeed, the jury acquitted defendant of all charges in connection with the March 5 incident.
Defendant failed to preserve for our review his challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to convict him (see People v. Gray, 86 N.Y.2d 10, 19, 629 N.Y.S.2d 173, 652 N.E.2d 919 ). In any event, the evidence is legally sufficient to support the conviction and, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we reject defendant's further contention that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). Defendant's sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.