Opinion
No. 349671
08-20-2020
INDIANA MICHIGAN POWER COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. COMMUNITY MILLS INC., Defendant-Appellant.
Carson LLP (by Calvert S. Miller ) for Indiana Michigan Power Company. Dickinson Wright PLLC (by Peter H. Webster, Troy, and Frederick R. Dewey, Detroit) for Community Mills, Inc.
Carson LLP (by Calvert S. Miller ) for Indiana Michigan Power Company.
Dickinson Wright PLLC (by Peter H. Webster, Troy, and Frederick R. Dewey, Detroit) for Community Mills, Inc.
Before: Shapiro, P.J., and Servitto and Letica, JJ.
Shapiro, P.J. Defendant, Community Mills, Inc. (Community Mills), appeals the trial court order awarding it $34,600.40 in attorney fees and expenses pursuant to the Uniform Condemnation Procedures Act (UCPA), MCL 213.51 et seq. Community Mills argues that the trial court improperly reduced its requested reimbursement award of $71,409.14. We reverse and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On June 11, 2018, plaintiff, Indiana Michigan Power Company (IMPC), filed a complaint seeking to condemn certain real property owned by Community Mills for the purpose of rebuilding and upgrading an existing transmission line. On July 6, 2018, Community Mills filed a motion challenging the necessity of the condemnation. Community Mills also maintained that the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. In an accompanying answer and affirmative defenses, Community Mills asserted, inter alia , that IMPC did not properly invoke the trial court's jurisdiction because it had failed to make a good-faith written offer to all the owners of the property it sought to condemn as required by the UCPA.
On July 25, 2018, IMPC moved for a preliminary injunction asking that the trial court enjoin Community Mills from acting pursuant to a notice of revocation of a preexisting license that permitted IMPC to install, maintain, and use powerlines over a portion of the property. IMPC also responded to the motion to review necessity, generally denying that it had failed to comply with legal requirements under the UCPA and requesting that the trial court promptly rule on Community Mills’ subject-matter jurisdiction challenge. On August 2, 2018, Community Mills filed for summary disposition, arguing that the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction because IMPC's good-faith offer was not also submitted to GreenStone Farm Credit Services, ACA (GreenStone), the holder of a recorded mortgage on the property. Community Mills also contended that IMPC's failure to join GreenStone as a defendant rendered the proceedings legally deficient.
A motion hearing was scheduled for September 11, 2018, to address the three pending motions. However, IMPC recognized its mistake regarding GreenStone and agreed to the entry of a stipulated order dismissing its complaint without prejudice. The parties further stipulated that Community Mills successfully challenged the legal sufficiency of the proceedings, but they disputed whether Community Mills was entitled to attorney fees and expenses.
Community Mills subsequently moved under MCL 213.66(2) for reimbursement of $71,409.14 for its attorney fees and expenses incurred in defending against IMPC's action. Community Mills further sought the fees and costs it had incurred by having to prepare the motion and appear in court. The amount of requested fees was supported by an itemized statement of the hours billed for specific services. In response, IMPC admitted that the acquisition as originally commenced was improper because it did not join GreenStone as a party. Accordingly, it voluntarily dismissed the action and refiled. Citing an unpublished decision from this Court, IMPC maintained that Community Mills could only recover the actual and reasonable attorney fees and expenses it had incurred as a direct result of the jurisdictional defect. An evidentiary hearing was held in April 2019, where the trial court heard testimony from Community Mills’ trial counsel and Jerome Pesick, an expert in legal representation in eminent-domain cases. In a written opinion issued in May 2019, the trial court limited reimbursement of attorney fees and expenses incurred by Community Mills to those resulting from the procedural defect in the original complaint. Accordingly, the court reimbursed Community Mills only for the fees and expenses stemming from the issues of nonjoinder and subject-matter jurisdiction, which amounted to an award of $34,600.40. II. ANALYSIS
The second action was filed on November 19, 2018. On August 27, 2019, the trial court granted Community Mills summary disposition. IMPC's appeal of that decision is now pending before this Court in Docket No. 350626.
Community Mills argues that the trial court erred by limiting the award of attorney fees and expenses to the issues of nonjoinder and subject-matter jurisdiction. We agree.
Generally, an attorney-fee award in a condemnation action is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Detroit v. Detroit Plaza Ltd. Partnership , 273 Mich. App. 260, 292, 730 N.W.2d 523 (2006). However, we review de novo issues arising from the interpretation and application of the UCPA. See Washtenaw Co. Bd. of Co. Rd. Comm'rs v. Shankle , 327 Mich. App. 407, 412, 934 N.W.2d 279 (2019). Our goal in interpreting a statute is to discern the Legislature's intent, the most reliable indicator of which is the statute's language. In re Jajuga Estate , 312 Mich. App. 706, 712, 881 N.W.2d 487 (2015).
The purpose of the UCPA is to ensure just compensation for the taking of private property, as required by Const. 1963, art. 10, § 2. Washtenaw Co. Bd. , 327 Mich. App. at 414, 934 N.W.2d 279 (2019). "Just compensation is defined as the amount of money which will put the person whose property has been taken in as good a position as the person would have been in had the taking not occurred." In re Acquisition of Land for the Central Indus. Park Project , 127 Mich. App. 255, 261, 338 N.W.2d 204 (1983). Under certain circumstances, the UCPA authorizes the property owner to recover attorney fees and costs incurred in a condemnation action. The UCPA attorney-fee provision at issue here, MCL 213.66(2), provides:
If the property owner, by motion to review necessity or otherwise, successfully challenges the agency's right to acquire the property, or the legal sufficiency of the proceedings, and the court finds the proposed acquisition improper, the court shall order the agency to reimburse the owner for
actual reasonable attorney fees and other expenses incurred in defending against the improper acquisition. [Emphasis added.]
The rationale behind MCL 213.66(2) is that "property owners may not be forced to suffer because of an action that they did not initiate and that endangered, through condemnation proceedings, their right to private property." Detroit Int'l Bridge Co. v. Commodities Export Co. , 279 Mich. App. 662, 675, 760 N.W.2d 565 (2008).
In Escanaba & Lake Superior R. Co. v. Keweenaw Land Ass'n, Ltd. , 156 Mich. App. 804, 812-813, 402 N.W.2d 505 (1986), we held that "a finding that the condemnation proceedings are procedurally defective is per se a finding that the proposed acquisition is improper" and triggers the right to reimbursement of fees and expenses under MCL 213.66(2). IMPC concedes that the first action was an improper acquisition, but it seeks to limit the reimbursement award to only those fees and expenses relating to the procedural defect. However, nothing in the language of MCL 213.66(2) limits the reimbursement of attorney fees and expenses so long as the costs were actually (and reasonably) incurred while defending the improper acquisition. The statute simply does not limit recovery of fees to the work that led to the specific grounds on which dismissal was granted.
We are not bound by Escanaba because it was decided before November 1, 1990, see MCR 7.215(J)(1), but neither party argues that the case was wrongly decided.
In Escanaba , 156 Mich. App. at 810, 402 N.W.2d 505, the condemning authority likewise argued that—although its acquisition was procedurally defective and, therefore, improper—it should not be held responsible under MCL 213.66(2) for fees and expenses incurred by the property owner while defending a separate motion filed by the condemning authority to disqualify the trial court judge assigned to the case. We disagreed, reasoning as follows:
The legislative intent behind the [UCPA] is to place the owner of the property in as good a position as was occupied before the taking. While it is argued that on the motion to disqualify the opposing party was the judge and not the property owners, it is clear to us that if a new judge had been appointed, there would have been a much greater chance that he would overturn the orders granting summary judgment to defendants. Therefore, defendants very properly opposed the motion to disqualify and incurred legal costs in so doing. Unless such legal expenses are reimbursable, the property owners are made to suffer for proceedings they did not initiate. This would be contrary to legislative intent. [ Id. at 815, 402 N.W.2d 505 (quotation marks and citation omitted).]
Thus, Escanaba confirms what the statutory language makes clear— MCL 213.66(2) does not limit the recovery of fees and expenses to those directly related to the defect that made the acquisition improper. In order to place the property owner in as good a position as before the attempted taking, all reasonable fees incurred in defending against the improper acquisition must be reimbursed.
IMPC argues, and the trial court agreed, that In re Hahn Drainage Dist. , 1996 WL 33347677, unpublished per curiam opinion of the Court of Appeals, issued December 20, 1996 (Docket No. 173316), supports the proposition that Community Mills’ reimbursement award should be restricted to those fees directly relating to the jurisdictional or joinder defects. In Hahn , the trial court dismissed a condemnation acquisition as improper for nonjoinder and lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Id. , at 2-3. After the condemning agency refiled, the trial court held in abeyance the property owner's motion for reimbursement of attorney fees under MCL 213.66(2). Id. at 5. The trial court was concerned about reimbursing the property owner for work done in the first case that would also be applicable to the second action. See id. at 4. The parties reached a settlement in the second action that included a provision for the property owner's attorney fees. Id. at 6. Given that the property owner was reimbursed for attorney fees in the second action, the trial court limited the attorney-fee award in the first action to the issues of nonjoinder and subject-matter jurisdiction. Id. at 8-9. A panel of this Court affirmed, reasoning as follows:
Unpublished opinions may be considered for their persuasive value, but they are not binding precedent. Sau-Tuk Indus., Inc. v. Allegan Co. , 316 Mich. App. 122, 137, 892 N.W.2d 33 (2016).
The court's bifurcated approach to the two actions was reasonable, as was the court's determination that because the substantive matters were settled in the second suit, in which defendant received a separate attorney fee under the statute, limiting defendant's compensation in the first action to fees relating to the technical issues rendering plaintiff's first suit deficient would adequately make defendant whole. [ Id. at 11.]
We agree with the Hahn panel that the trial court's approach was reasonable under the facts of that case. Because the property owner had obtained recovery of attorney fees in the second action, it was appropriate for the court to limit recovery of fees in the first action to legal services relating to the procedural defect. The trial court's ruling correctly prevented the property owner from obtaining a double recovery of attorney fees.
In this case, however, when the trial court decided the amount of reimbursement in the first action, the second action was still pending. Thus, it was unknown whether Community Mills would be reimbursed in the second action for attorney fees that were attributable to the first action. Indeed, it is also possible that following a dismissal the condemning entity will withdraw and decide not to pursue condemnation. In these instances, the "bifurcation" approach of limiting fees and costs to those related to the procedural defect is inadequate because the property owner might not be subsequently reimbursed for the other incurred expenses. Hahn is unique in that the property owner had obtained reimbursement of attorney fees in the second action at the time that the trial court awarded attorney fees for the first action. Excluding that scenario, the trial court must award all actual reasonable attorney fees incurred in successfully defending the first action to ensure that the property owner will be made whole. And if the property owner later obtains a favorable outcome in the second action, such that there is an entitlement to fees under MCL 213.66(2) or (3), then the owner may not be reimbursed for duplicative fees and costs incurred in the second action.
Given that a double recovery of fees and costs is not permitted, we find IMPC's concerns about following the unambiguous language of MCL 213.66(2) to be unfounded. Further, the recovery of attorney fees under MCL 213.66(2) is subject to the requirement that the fees be reasonable. In Dep't of Transp. v. Randolph , 461 Mich. 757, 765, 610 N.W.2d 893 (2000), the Supreme Court explained how trial courts are to determine an "owner's reasonable attorney fees" for purposes of MCL 213.66(3). First, the trial court must
To be clear, if Community Mills ultimately prevails in the second action, it may not be reimbursed for fees and expenses awarded in the first action.
MCL 213.66(3) provides in part:
If the amount finally determined to be just compensation for the property acquired exceeds the amount of the good faith written offer under section 5, the court shall order reimbursement in whole or in part to the owner by the agency of the owner's reasonable attorney's fees, but not in excess of ? of the amount by which the ultimate award exceeds the agency's written offer as defined by section 5. The reasonableness of the owner's attorney fees shall be determined by the court.
decide whether the attorney fees actually charged to the property owner are reasonable. Id. at 765-766, 610 N.W.2d 893. In making that determination, "the trial court should consider the eight factors listed in MRPC 1.5(a)." Id. at 766, 610 N.W.2d 893. "If the trial court determines that the owner's attorney fees are unreasonable, it should utilize its discretion to determine what amount of the owner's requested attorney fees should be reimbursed by the agency." Id. But "[t]he court must articulate the reasons for its decision in order to facilitate appellate review." Id. at 767, 610 N.W.2d 893.
The Randolph Court went on to say that if the trial court determines that the property owner's attorney fees are reasonable, then the court has "additional discretion [under MCL 213.66(3) ] to order reimbursement of those fees ‘in whole or in part.’ " Randolph , 461 Mich. at 767, 610 N.W.2d 893, quoting MCL 213.66(3). No such discretion exists under MCL 213.66(2), however, and therefore a trial court may not reduce a property owner's actual attorney fees if that amount is found to be reasonable.
We conclude that this framework is equally applicable to determining a property owner's "actual reasonable attorney fees" under MCL 213.66(2). Also, the trial court plainly has discretion to disallow fees that it determines to be unreasonable. Put differently, the trial court may conclude that some of the work done by the property owner's attorney was not reasonable to do. We reiterate, however, that the statute does not limit attorney fees to the work that proved successful. Nor is recovery precluded for legal services that, in hindsight, were ultimately unnecessary if those services were reasonable at the time they were rendered. III. CONCLUSION
We remand this matter to the trial court so that it may determine in the first instance the full amount of fees and expenses incurred by Community Mills while defending against the improper acquisition, as well as the costs incurred while pursuing its lawful recovery of attorney fees and expenses under MCL 213.66(2). On remand, Community Mills may also pursue additional fees and costs incurred as a result of this appeal. See Lansing v. Edward Rose Realty, Inc. , 450 Mich. 851, 538 N.W.2d 677 (1995). The trial court has discretion to determine whether the actual attorney fees incurred by Community Mills are reasonable.
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction.
Servitto and Letica, JJ., concurred with Shapiro, P.J.