Opinion
Docket No. 126229.
Decided January 15, 1992; approved for publication March 11, 1992, at 9:00 A.M.
O'Reilly, Rancilio, Nitz, Andrews Turnbull, P.C. (by Michael J. Piatek and Kenneth L. Rancilio), for Michael DeBoard.
Jacobs Miller (by James J. Raftery), for Fairwood Villas Condominium Association and Metro Group Management Corporation. Lizza Mulcahy, P.C. (by David M. Lawson), for William and Lisa Boyer.
Before: WEAVER, P.J., and MICHAEL J. KELLY and MARILYN KELLY, JJ.
This case arose when plaintiff, Michael DeBoard, tripped over a warped board on the deck of his sister's condominium fracturing his hip. The complaint named Fairwood Villas Condominium Association, which maintains the condominium, and Metro Group Management Corporation as defendants. DeBoard's sister and brother-in-law, William and Lisa Boyer, were later added as third-party defendants. The circuit court granted defendants' motion for summary disposition because of unrebutted testimony that plaintiff was fully aware of the deck's defective condition before he fell. MCR 2.116(C)(10).
On appeal, plaintiff claims that a genuine issue of material fact existed as to whether he appreciated the danger and risk of harm. He alleges, also, that the trial court erroneously invoked the doctrine of contributory negligence to bar him from relief. We affirm the grant of summary disposition.
It is undisputed that plaintiff was a social guest, a licensee, in the Boyers' home when the accident occurred. The parties also agree that the duty of care that a premises owner owes to a licensee is accurately stated in SJI2d 19.06:
A possessor of premises is liable for physical harm caused to a licensee by a condition on the premises if, but only if —
a. the possessor knew or should have known of the condition and should have realized that it involved an unreasonable risk of harm to the licensee, and should have expected that he would not discover or realize the danger; and
b. the possessor failed to exercise reasonable care to make the condition safe, or to warn the licensee of the condition and the risk involved; and
c. the licensee did not know or have reason to know of the condition and the risk involved. [Emphasis added.]
Similarly, our Supreme Court has stated that a "landowner only owes a licensee a duty to warn the licensee of any hidden dangers he knows or has reason to know of, if the licensee does not know or has no reason to know of the dangers involved." Wymer v Holmes, 429 Mich. 66, 71, n 1; 412 N.W.2d 213 (1987). See also Forche v Gieseler, 174 Mich. App. 588, 597; 436 N.W.2d 437 (1989); 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 342, p 210.
In the instant case, the trial court granted defendants' motion, because deposition testimony showed that plaintiff was made aware of the defect in the deck the day before he tripped on it. We agree that there existed no genuine issue of fact on this issue and that summary disposition was therefore proper. MCR 2.116(C)(10); Farm Bureau Mutual Ins Co v Stark, 437 Mich. 175, 184-185; 468 N.W.2d 498 (1991).
Andrea Resnick testified that, the day before the accident, she and plaintiff looked out the window at the deck and noticed a board "sticking up" four to six inches. She commented to plaintiff that the deck was the sloppiest carpentry job she had ever seen, and plaintiff agreed. Resnick's deposition was never contradicted, and plaintiff's counsel conceded that plaintiff was aware of the defect.
Plaintiff's counsel argues, however, that there was no testimony that plaintiff realized the danger posed by the deck's condition. In situations such as this one, where the licensee is an adult, "the fact that the [defective] condition is obvious is usually sufficient to apprise [the licensee], as fully as the possessor, of the full extent of the risk involved." 2 Restatement Torts, 2d, § 342, comment b, p 210. Given plaintiff's knowledge of the board protruding four or more inches from the deck, no reasonable person could conclude that he was unaware of the danger of tripping over it. Accordingly, summary disposition was properly granted. Stark, supra.
Plaintiff argues that the trial court erroneously applied the abandoned doctrine of contributory negligence to bar plaintiff from recovering. He is incorrect. The trial court granted summary disposition because, under the facts of this case, defendants had no duty to warn plaintiff of the defect in the deck. The court's decision had nothing to do with damages or contributory and comparative negligence.
Affirmed.