From Casetext: Smarter Legal Research

U.S. v. Grady

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
Aug 10, 1992
972 F.2d 889 (8th Cir. 1992)

Summary

upholding an enhancement under Section 3B1.1 and stating, "We define the term `organizer or leader' broadly. . . . [The defendant] may be an organizer or leader without having directly controlled his coconspirators."

Summary of this case from U.S. v. Valdez-Arieta

Opinion

No. 92-1507.

Submitted August 5, 1992.

Decided August 10, 1992.

James C. Delworth, St. Louis, Mo., for appellant.

Steven A. Muchnick, St. Louis, Mo., for appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri.

Before FAGG, BEAM, and MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, Circuit Judges.


While working at a bank, Audonis Grady stole postal money orders, which he and coconspirators altered. The coconspirators cashed the money orders, and Grady received about one-third of their value. Grady pleaded guilty to conspiracy to defraud the United States. Finding Grady was an "organizer or leader of a criminal activity that involved five or more participants or was otherwise extensive," the district court increased Grady's offense level for sentencing by four. U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1(a) (Nov. 1991). Grady appeals the district court's finding, contending he never controlled or organized his coconspirators.

We define the term "organizer or leader" broadly. United States v. Blumberg, 961 F.2d 787, 791 (8th Cir. 1992). Grady may be an organizer or leader without having directly controlled his coconspirators. United States v. Harry, 960 F.2d 51, 54 (8th Cir. 1992). In this case, Grady had sole access to the money orders, which were the essential ingredient of the crime. Grady's position allowed him to control the timing and amount of money orders stolen and altered during the conspiracy. See United States v. Williams, 902 F.2d 675, 678 (8th Cir. 1990) (the possessor and controller of blank checks, the principal instrumentality of the crime, is an organizer or leader). Grady's role, which made him the person most responsible for the crime, was sufficient to make him an organizer or leader. See Morphew v. United States, 909 F.2d 1143, 1145 (8th Cir. 1990); United States v. Wagner, 884 F.2d 1090, 1098 (8th Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1088, 110 S.Ct. 1829, 108 L.Ed.2d 958 (1990). We conclude the district court's finding that Grady was an organizer or leader is not clearly erroneous. See Blumberg, 961 F.2d at 791.

Accordingly, we affirm.


Summaries of

U.S. v. Grady

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
Aug 10, 1992
972 F.2d 889 (8th Cir. 1992)

upholding an enhancement under Section 3B1.1 and stating, "We define the term `organizer or leader' broadly. . . . [The defendant] may be an organizer or leader without having directly controlled his coconspirators."

Summary of this case from U.S. v. Valdez-Arieta
Case details for

U.S. v. Grady

Case Details

Full title:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, APPELLEE, v. AUDONIS GRADY, APPELLANT

Court:United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit

Date published: Aug 10, 1992

Citations

972 F.2d 889 (8th Cir. 1992)

Citing Cases

U.S. v. Valdez-Arieta

See United States v. Litchfield, 959 F.2d 1514, 1523 (10th Cir. 1992) (finding no organization or control);…

U.S. v. Reedy

This court has interpreted this guideline to encompass management or supervision of the "business" of the…