Summary
In Classic, the defendant election officials used the mails in the course of a scheme to change and alter ballots to read in favor of the eventually successful candidate.
Summary of this case from United States v. StatesOpinion
No. 20067 Cr.
October 31, 1940.
Patrick B. Classic, John A. Morris, Bernard W. Yeager, Jr., William Schumacher, and J.J. Fleddermann were charged by indictment with a certain offense. On demurrer to counts 5 and 6 of the indictment.
Demurrer overruled.
See, also, 35 F. Supp. 66.
Rene A. Viosca, U.S. Atty., and J. Skelly Wright, Hilary J. Gaudin, and Robert Weinstein, Asst. U.S. Attys., all of New Orleans, La., for the United States.
Charles W. Kehl, Fernando J. Cuquet, Jr., and Warren O. Coleman, all of New Orleans, La., for defendants.
The demurrer urged to Counts 5 and 6 of the indictment herein is not well founded in law.
To constitute the crime which is denounced by Section 338, Title 18 U.S.C.A., it is sufficient that the mails are used, or are caused to be used, in the actual, or attempted, execution of a devised scheme or artifice to defraud.
The two counts under attack specifically charge the devising of such a scheme or artifice to defraud, and the subsequent use of the mails in furtherance thereof.
In disposing of said demurrer, the allegations in question must be accepted as true.
The mere fact that the scheme or artifice to defraud originated with respect to, and in the course of, the discharge of defendants' duties as primary election commissioners in no wise justifies the contention of defendants that, since it is the policy of Congress to leave the conduct of the election of its members to State laws, administered by State officers, such commissioners (although they might otherwise be fairly charged with having violated the mail fraud statute) may not legally be charged and tried for the crime denounced because, forsooth, this would operate the control and regulation of a State election, contrary to the policy of non-interference therewith hitherto pursued by Congress.
The mail fraud statute denounces the use of the mails, in the actual, or attempted, execution of any devised scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretences, representations or promises, and the counts 5 and 6 of the indictment herein properly charge the statute's violation.
There is no question here of paramount policy, such as defendants' counsel seek to urge upon the Court, viz., the policy of no congressional regulation of State elections paramount as against the congressional policy of preventing the use of the United States mail in furtherance of a scheme or artifice to defraud.
If the Government's use of the mail fraud statute in such a case as this actually regulates the acts of persons serving as commissioners, insofar as such acts have for their intended purpose and end the denounced misuse of the United States mail under cover of the official discharge of their duties as such commissioners of election, it can not be reasonably contended that this evidences an attempted ignoring of the claimed policy of Congress not to interfere in the conduct of elections by the State.
The unlawful act of the commissioners in the alleged devising of the scheme to defraud and in thereafter using the mails in the execution thereof is the subject of congressional regulation.
Congress definitely intends that the misuse of the mails shall be controlled even though it be its policy to leave the control of elections to the several States.
In view of the premises, the demurrer is overruled.