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State v. Whitfield

Supreme Court of Florida
Apr 24, 1986
487 So. 2d 1045 (Fla. 1986)

Summary

holding that a contemporaneous objection was not required to preserve review of an illegal sentence and amending rule 3.800 to provide that “ court may at any time correct an illegal sentence imposed by it or an incorrect calculation made by it in a sentencing guidelines scoresheet”

Summary of this case from Huffman v. State

Opinion

No. 67320.

April 24, 1986.

Appeal from the Circuit Court, Alachua County, R.A. Green, Jr., J.

Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., and John W. Tiedemann, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, for petitioner.

Michael E. Allen, Public Defender, Paula S. Saunders, and Kathleen Stover, Asst. Public Defenders, Second Judicial Circuit, Tallahassee, for respondent.


This case is before us based on a certified question of great public importance. Whitfield v. State, 471 So.2d 633 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const.

Respondent was charged with aggravated battery in which the victim suffered serious bodily injury. The jury was instructed that it could return a verdict on aggravated assault as a lesser included offense, which it did. In computing the sentencing guidelines scoresheet, the state erroneously included thirty-six points for victim injury even though victim injury is not an element of aggravated assault. See Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.701(d)(7). Neither defense counsel nor the trial court noted the error and respondent was sentenced, de facto, outside the sentencing guidelines. Respondent filed a notice of appeal vesting jurisdiction in the district court of appeal, and simultaneously filed a motion under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800 with the trial court asking that the sentence be corrected because of the erroneous assessment of victim injury points. The trial court denied the 3.800 motion without comment, presumably because it no longer had jurisdiction of the case. Respondent could have petitioned the district court to temporarily surrender jurisdiction to the trial court for consideration of the motion to correct sentence. Instead, respondent abandoned the post-conviction relief remedy and raised the issue for the first time on appeal.

The state acknowledges, and we agree, that aggravated assault is not a lesser included offense of aggravated battery and it was error to so instruct the jury. §§ 775.021(4), 784.011, 784.021, 784.03, and 784.045, Fla. Stat. (1983).

In the district court, the parties agreed that it was error to assess the points for victim injury. The issue was whether respondent should be permitted to raise the issue when no contemporaneous objection had been made at trial. Relying on language in State v. Rhoden, 448 So.2d 1013, 1016 (Fla. 1984), that "[t]he purpose of the contemporaneous objection rule is not present in the sentencing process because error may be corrected by a simple remand to the sentencing judge," the district court held "that a defendant's failure to contemporaneously object upon imposition of a sentence does not preclude appellate review of sentencing errors. Mitchell v. State, 458 So.2d 10 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); Myrick v. State, 461 So.2d 1359 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984); Ramsey v. State, 462 So.2d 875 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985); Tucker v. State, 464 So.2d 211 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)." Whitfield, 471 So.2d at 634. However, the district court was apparently troubled, and rightly so, by the implications of a rule of law which treats failure to advise the sentencing judge of error as of no consequence, and by language in Walker v. State, 462 So.2d 452 (Fla. 1985), and State v. Snow, 462 So.2d 455 (Fla. 1985), stating that Rhoden was applicable to instances where the trial court failed to make statutorily mandated findings of fact. Accordingly, the district court certified the following question of great public importance:

IS THE DECISION IN STATE V. RHODEN, 448 So.2d 1013 (FLA. 1984) TO BE LIMITED TO THOSE SITUATIONS IN WHICH A STATUTE PLACES A MANDATORY DUTY UPON THE TRIAL COURT TO MAKE SPECIFIC FINDINGS OR SHOULD RHODEN BE CONSTRUED TO MEAN THAT A DEFENDANT NEED NOT CONTEMPORANEOUSLY OBJECT TO ANY ALLEGED SENTENCING ERROR IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THAT ISSUE FOR APPEAL?
Whitfield, 471 So.2d at 635.

Rhoden, Walker, and Snow all concern instances where the trial court sentenced in reliance on statute but failed to make the specific findings which the statutes in question mandatorily required as a prerequisite to the sentence. An alternative way of stating the ground on which Rhoden, Walker, and Snow rest is that the absence of the statutorily mandated findings rendered the sentences illegal because, in their absence, there was no statutory authority for the sentences. Thus, as the district court surmised, Snow makes clear that Rhoden is grounded on the failure to make mandatory findings and not on the proposition that contemporaneous objections serve no purpose in the sentencing process. Sentencing errors which do not produce an illegal sentence or an unauthorized departure from the sentencing guidelines still require a contemporaneous objection if they are to be preserved for appeal.

Our Rhoden dicta that the purpose of the contemporaneous objection rule is not present in the sentencing process does not apply in every case. It is true that sentencing errors can be more easily corrected on appeal than errors in the guilt phase, but it is still true that all errors in all phases of the trial should be brought to the attention of the trial judge particularly where there is a factual issue for resolution.

In the case at hand, the impact of the error was that the trial court departed from the sentencing guidelines in rule 3.701 without making the mandatorily written, clear and convincing reasons for departure. Thus, Rhoden, Walker, and Snow are controlling and the district court was correct in considering the sentencing error on appeal even though there had been no contemporaneous objection at trial. See also State v. Mobley, 481 So.2d 481 (Fla. 1986).

The state also argues that the comments of the trial judge at sentencing indicate that there would have been a knowing departure from the guidelines even if the judge had realized there was an inadvertent departure. Thus, the state argues, we should affirm the sentence because remand for resentencing would be a useless act. This argument is specious. We decline to speculate on the trial judge's action on remand and, in any event, respondent is entitled to appellate review of the mandatory findings written in support of any departure. §§ 921.001(5) and 924.06(1)(e), Fla. Stat. (1985); State v. Jackson, 478 So.2d 1054 (Fla. 1985).

It is clear that all parties contributed by commission or omission to the error and that this error was easily preventable and correctable at the trial court level without recourse to the appellate courts. The state urges that we adopt a policy of sanctioning attorneys responsible for such mishaps as occurred here. Although we do not rule out the imposition of sanctions in appropriate cases, we do not believe that the inattention to detail which characterizes this case rises to the level which would warrant sanctions beyond the critique below.

As we indicated above, the error in preparing the guidelines scoresheet could have been easily corrected had either party moved the trial court to correct the error, coupled with a request to the appellate court to surrender jurisdiction to the trial court for correction of sentence. We emphasize that we place an equal responsibility for correction of such errors on the prosecutor as on the defense counsel. This is particularly true where, as here, the prosecutor, as an officer of the court, prepared and submitted the erroneous scoresheet which caused the error. Neither counsel served the trial court well. In order to facilitate the correction of such errors at the trial court level, we amend rule 3.800(a) to read as follows:

(a) A court may at any time correct an illegal sentence imposed by it or an incorrect calculation made by it in a sentencing guidelines scoresheet.

We answer the certified question as indicated above, approve the decision of the district court, and to the degree, if any, that they conflict with this opinion, disapprove Mitchell, Myrick, Ramsey, and Tucker. We remand for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

It is so ordered.

BOYD, C.J., and OVERTON, McDONALD, EHRLICH and BARKETT, JJ., concur.

ADKINS, J., dissents.


Summaries of

State v. Whitfield

Supreme Court of Florida
Apr 24, 1986
487 So. 2d 1045 (Fla. 1986)

holding that a contemporaneous objection was not required to preserve review of an illegal sentence and amending rule 3.800 to provide that “ court may at any time correct an illegal sentence imposed by it or an incorrect calculation made by it in a sentencing guidelines scoresheet”

Summary of this case from Huffman v. State

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla. 1986), receded from on other grounds, Davis v. State, 661 So.2d 1193 (Fla. 1995), we held that the trial court's erroneous inclusion of victim injury points, even though victim injury was not an element of the crime charged, did not require a contemporaneous objection to preserve the issue for appeal since the error caused the trial court to make an unauthorized upward departure of sentence.

Summary of this case from State v. Montague

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla. 1986), this Court held that a contemporaneous objection is not necessary to preserve the appeal of either an illegal sentence or an unauthorized departure from the sentencing guidelines. Absent a contemporaneous objection, however, sentencing errors must be apparent on the face of the record to be cognizable on appeal. Dailey v. State, 488 So.2d 532 (Fla. 1986).

Summary of this case from Forehand v. State

In Whitfield, we held: "Sentencing errors which do not produce an illegal sentence or an unauthorized departure from the sentencing guidelines still require a contemporaneous objection if they are to be preserved for appeal."

Summary of this case from Merchant v. State

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla. 1986), we held that a computational error in a sentencing guidelines score sheet could be raised on direct appeal even though a contemporaneous objection was not made at trial, where "the impact of the error was that the trial court departed from the sentencing guidelines in rule 3.701 without making the mandatorily written, clear and convincing reasons for departure."

Summary of this case from State v. Chaplin

In Whitfield it was apparent from the record that points had been scored for victim injury when Whitfield had been convicted of aggravated assault, a crime not involving victim injury. Dailey, on the other hand, was convicted of aggravated battery, a crime that denotes some injury.

Summary of this case from Dailey v. State

In Whitfield we stated: "Sentencing errors which do not produce an illegal sentence still require a contemporaneous objection if they are to be preserved for appeal."

Summary of this case from Dailey v. State

sentencing errors which do not produce an illegal sentence or an unauthorized departure from the sentencing guidelines still require a contemporaneous objection if they are to be preserved for appeal

Summary of this case from Floyd v. State

In Whitfield, the sentencing guidelines scoresheet erroneously assessed points for victim injury "even though victim injury is not an element of aggravated assault," the crime of which the defendant was convicted Id. at 1045-1046.

Summary of this case from Baldwin v. State

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla. 1986), receded from on other grounds, Davis v. State, 661 So.2d 1193 (Fla. 1995), our supreme court specifically stated the opposite: "Sentencing errors which do not produce an illegal sentence or an unauthorized departure from the sentencing guidelines still require a contemporaneous objection if they are to be preserved for appeal."

Summary of this case from Norman v. State

In Whitfield our supreme court explained that Rhoden, Walker v. State, 462 So.2d 452 (Fla. 1985), and State v. Snow, 462 So.2d 455 (Fla. 1985), all involved instances where the trial court sentenced the defendants in reliance on a specific statute, but failed to make the mandatory findings required by statute as a prerequisite to sentencing.

Summary of this case from Norman v. State

amending Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.800

Summary of this case from Tapia v. State

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla. 1986), however, the court explained that Rhoden and its progeny rested on the ground that the absence of statutorily mandated findings rendered the imposed sentences illegal, there being no statutory authority for those sentences.

Summary of this case from Mitchell v. State

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla. 1986), the supreme court amended rule 3.800(a), Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, to permit a court to correct at any time "an incorrect calculation made by it in a sentencing guidelines scoresheet."

Summary of this case from Dupont v. State

In Whitfield the supreme court amended rule 3.800(a), Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, to permit a court to correct guideline scoresheet errors at any time.

Summary of this case from Lomont v. State

In Whitfield, the computational error was the inclusion of points for victim injury, even though victim injury was not an element of the crime.

Summary of this case from Senior v. State

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla. 1986), the Supreme Court held that sentencing errors which produce an illegal sentence or unauthorized departure from the sentencing guidelines do not require a contemporaneous objection.

Summary of this case from Knight v. State

In Whitfield the trial court had departed from the guidelines without providing clear and convincing, written reasons for the departure.

Summary of this case from Wesley v. State

In State v. Whitfield, 487 So.2d 1045 (Fla., 1986), the supreme court recently confirmed that an unauthorized departure from the guidelines does not require a contemporaneous objection.

Summary of this case from Bruton v. State
Case details for

State v. Whitfield

Case Details

Full title:STATE OF FLORIDA, PETITIONER, v. WILLIE PEARL WHITFIELD, RESPONDENT

Court:Supreme Court of Florida

Date published: Apr 24, 1986

Citations

487 So. 2d 1045 (Fla. 1986)

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