SUGG, Justice, for the Court:

Plaintiff, Mrs. Patsy Jones, recovered a judgment in the Circuit Court of Coahoma County against defendants, Gerald R. McCay and United Parcel Service, Inc., in the amount of $15,000 for injuries received in a collision between the vehicle which plaintiff was driving and the vehicle operated by McCay for United Parcel Service, Inc.

The two issues decided in this case do not involve the defendants' liability, but only affect the damages awarded by the jury. We affirm as to liability and reverse and remand for a trial on the issue of damages only.

I.

The first assignment of error which we consider is:

The Court erred in sustaining Appellee's motion in limine requiring Appellants not to bring two doctors and a medical records director into the courtroom during the trial in the presence of the jury.

Before trial, plaintiff filed a motion in limine in the following language:

Now comes plaintiff and moves the court prior to the trial of this cause that the court order and direct the defendant during the trial not to call as witnesses Dr. Edwin Hemness, Dr. Joe Campbell, and Mrs. Gwen Daves, Medical Records Librarian of the Northwest Mississippi Regional Medical Center.

Plaintiff would state unto the court that the testimony of such individuals is privileged under section 13-1-21 of the Mississippi Code of 1972, Annotated, and that plaintiff does not desire to waive such privilege. Plaintiff would further state unto the court that allowing the defendant to call such witnesses in order to force the plaintiff to invoke such privilege in the presence of the jury would be highly prejudicial.

The motion in limine was not considered by the court until plaintiff was cross examined by counsel for defendants and asked if she was willing for the two doctors named in the motion to testify about her condition. Plaintiff's counsel objected and, following arguments in chambers, the court sustained the motion.

After the collision in which plaintiff was injured, she was treated by four physicians, but called only one to testify in her behalf. When the court sustained the motion in limine, it prevented defendants from calling as witnesses two of the doctors who had treated plaintiff following the collision. This action of the court goes far beyond preserving the privileged communication between a physician and his patient and prevented defendants from calling two physicians who had treated her as witnesses for any purpose whatever. While section 13-1-21 Mississippi Code Annotated (Supp. 1976) makes all communications between a patient and physician from whom the patient has sought professional advice privileged, it does not make the physician incompetent as a witness, but only prevents the physician from testifying as to any privileged communication. In Donaldson v. Life and Casualty Ins. of Tenn., 239 Miss. 635, 124 So.2d 701 (1960) we held that the statute does not prohibit a physician from answering a hypothetical question which does not contain any information which the physician obtained from his patient. We also held in Dabbs v. Richardson, 137 Miss. 789, 102 So. 769 (1925) that although a physician could not testify to the facts and information received by him in his professional capacity, he was competent to testify as to his knowledge concerning mental conditions derived from social or business relationships with the patient. We also held in G., M. N.R. Co. v. Willis, 171 Miss. 732, 157 So. 899 (suggestion of error 158 So. 551) (1935) that the statute making communication between a physician and his patient privileged must be limited to its language and clear purpose, and should not be extended by construction. In Powell v. J.J. Newman Lumber Co., 174 Miss. 685, 165 So. 299 (1936) we stated:

It is true that in some cases we have held that a physician could testify as an expert to matters that he did not learn in the relation of physician and patient. Estes v. McGehee, 133 Miss. 174, 97 So. 530; Dabbs v. Richardson, 137 Miss. 789, 102 So. 769; Watkins v. Watkins, 142 Miss. 210, 106 So. 753. But in the case of Gulf M. N.R. Co. v. Willis, 171 Miss. 732, 157 So. 899, 158 So. 551, 552, the matter was discussed, and we supposed was clearly settled in the minds of the bench and bar that the testimony of physicians could not be admitted even in the absence of the jury, but if the matter was not privileged testimony it could be developed by examination of the witness in the absence of the jury. In that case a dentist was offered as a witness for the defendant as to the extent of injuries suffered which knocked some of his teeth loose. We there held that a dentist was not a physician, and that the statute would not be extended to include persons not within its terms, and further that there was no sufficient statement of facts expected to be developed by this witness if permitted to testify. As shown by the record, that case called for the testimony of a dentist. To a suggestion of error filed therein, Judge Griffith said as follows: `To the rule last stated there are a few exceptions, and one of these is when a witness is tendered and it is sought to examine him upon matters which the law forbids him to disclose. For instance, the law forbids that an attorney shall disclose the knowledge which he has acquired from or for his client in and about his client's business. When an attorney is placed on the witness stand and, without his client's consent, it is attempted to interrogate him about his client's business, the witness is not only privileged to refuse to answer, it is his duty to refuse. And the offerer cannot state into the record what he expects to prove by that witness, for the law denies the right to prove by that witness anything of the matters sought to be elicited. Likewise as to a physician, upon which subject this court said in United States F. G. Co. v. Hood, 124 Miss. 548, 571, 87 So. 115, 15 A.L.R. 605: "The evidence of a physician ought not to be received before the court, and it is error for the court to proceed upon the idea that the judge and the public may hear the statement of the physician in such case, though it be excluded from the jury." In these cases, if the knowledge sought to be placed in the record was acquired during the existence of the relationship which makes the information privileged, then the inquiry is not permitted to proceed further than to develop the actual existence of the privileged relationship.'

It will be seen that we have distinctly held that it is not permissible to examine a physician over the objection of a patient as to matters communicated to the physician, or learned by him as the result of an examination, or communications between a physician and patient. The object of the statute is not merely to protect parties from the result of lawsuits which the evidence might affect, but the object of the statute is to permit people freely to consult physicians about their physical or mental condition, and about any treatment for any ailment they may have or think they have. (174 Miss. at 695, 696, 165 So. at 302).

In Gulf Refining Co. v. Myrick, 220 Miss. 429, 71 So.2d 217 (1954) defendant called one of the physicians who had examined plaintiff. The plaintiff objected and claimed the physician-patient privilege. Counsel for defendant then stated to the court that he wanted to develop the record up to the point where objection by the plaintiff would be interposed. In the absence of the jury defendant's attorney offered to prove by the physician that he examined plaintiff on the day following the accident and continued to treat her until she had recovered. Counsel also stated that he wanted to show that the physician was available as a witness, had his records with him, and was prepared to testify as to his examinations and findings. The trial judge sustained the objection and defendant argued on appeal that he desired to use the physician as an expert witness and have him answer hypothetical questions, but this Court noted that, "No such statement was made to the trial court." Under this factual situation we held:

Under Section 1697, Code of 1942, all communications between physician and patient are privileged and the physician shall not be required to disclose the same in any legal proceeding except at the instance of the patient. Appellee was entitled to object to Dr. Boone's disclosing what he may have learned from his examination of her. Appellant obtained an instruction which told the jury that Mrs. Myrick could waive the statute and permit the doctor to testify either in her own behalf or as an adverse witness, and another instruction which told the jury that the defendants could not compel Dr. Boone to testify over plaintiff's objection and that the jury is warranted in inferring that his testimony would have been unfavorable to plaintiff if he had been permitted to testify. By these instructions, we think that appellant obtained all to which it was entitled in connection with the proffered testimony of the doctor. (220 Miss. at 436, 71 So.2d at 219).

The case at bar is distinguishable from Myrick because, in Myrick, the trial court was not advised that defendants wanted to question the physician about matters which were not privileged, while in this case the court was advised by the defendants that they desired to question the physicians about matters which were not privileged.

We fail to find any cases decided by us on the precise question presented here; however, the Court of Appeals of Ohio addressed this issue in Vincenzo v. Newhart, 7 Ohio App.2d 97, 219 N.E.2d 212 (1966). The plaintiff, Newhart, received treatment for the injuries sued for from his personal physician. At the trial plaintiff called two other doctors but did not call his attending physician. Defendant subpoenaed the attending physician whereupon plaintiff moved that the trial court deny the defendant the right to call his attending physician because of the privilege afforded under the Ohio statutes. The trial judge sustained plaintiff's objection and instructed defense counsel to refrain from calling the physician and stated: "To rule otherwise would seem to make a farce out of the privileged communication statute." On appeal the Ohio Appellate Court reversed and stated:

The question with which we are confronted in this case is whether the privileges afforded by Section 2317.02, Revised Code, are so broad as to preclude the calling of an attending physician as a witness where the privilege has not been waived by the patient. (7 Ohio App.2d at 99, 219 N.E.2d at 214).

. . . . .

Section 2317.02, Revised Code, provides:

`The following persons shall not testify in certain respects:

`(A) * * * a physician, concerning a communication made to him by his patient in that relation, or his advice to his patient, but the * * * physician may testify by express consent of the * * * patient * * * and if the * * * patient voluntarily testifies, the * * * physician may be compelled to testify on the same subject;

`* * *.' (Emphasis added.)

At the outset, it is to be noted that the language of the statute is not couched in such terms as to make an attending physician an incompetent witness, but merely says that he shall not testify in certain respects, namely as to communications and advice.

Diligent search has uncovered no fact situation exactly analogous to the one at bar. (7 Ohio App.2d at 99, 100, 219 N.E.2d at 214).

. . . . .

It appears to us that the danger inherent in the defendant's contention that the doctor cannot even take the witness stand where the privilege is claimed is that for all practical purposes no attending physician would be a proper defense witness in any trial where the privilege is asserted. This would seem to be a considerable broadening of the legislative intent, which is that the attending physician be precluded only from testifying in `certain respects.'

On the other hand, plaintiff asserts, and the trial court held, that any other conclusion would put the plaintiff in the position (having chosen not to call the attending physician in his case in chief) of appearing to hide some evidence prejudicial to his case by being forced to assert his privilege only after the physician has been called as a witness. Though it be conceded that this uncomfortable dilemma might well arise, yet to allow the plaintiff to so control the defendant's case would effectively deny to the defendant competent testimony of plaintiff's attending physician concerning matters outside the scope of the privilege. This is especially so in the instant case, where but one medical witness was called by the defendant. (7 Ohio App.2d at 101, 219 N.E.2d at 215).

. . . . .

One can conceive of many competent questions which could be propounded to an attending physician, which would fall outside the limitation relative to communication and advice covered by the statute.

Such questions directed to a witness and the admissibility of the answers thereto could only be ruled upon in the ordinary course of a trial, once the witness had taken the oath and been seated.

Broad discretion is vested in the trial court to guard against unfair innuendoes which might arise as a result of trial strategy. And if, as is sometimes the case, such events do occur in the course of a trial, the jury can be firmly instructed to disregard them.

But to preclude an otherwise competent witness from even taking the stand because of the fear of such eventuality is clearly an abuse of discretion and gives far more latitude to the statute than was the legislative intent. (7 Ohio App.2d at 102, 219 N.E.2d at 215, 216).

In our case the defendants obtained an instruction that plaintiff had the right to claim as privileged the communication between her and the two physicians sought to be called as witnesses, but when she claimed the privilege, the jury could infer that, if the physicians were permitted to testify, their testimony would have been adverse to the interest of the plaintiff. This instruction was first authorized by our decision in Killings v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 187 Miss. 265, 192 So. 577 (1940).

We hold that it was error to sustain the motion in limine because the privileged communication statute between physicians and patients does not make a physician incompetent as a witness for all purposes, but only prevents the physician from testifying as to any privileged communication. There are competent questions, which may be asked of an attending physician, which fall outside the prohibition of the statute. When the court denied defendants the right to subpoena and introduce otherwise competent witnesses, this extended the privileged communication statute more than the legislature intended.

II.

The next assignment of error which we consider states:

The Court erred in permitting Appellee to establish prima facie the reasonableness and necessity of certain medical expenses, while sustaining Appellee's motion in limine precluding testimony of two doctors and a medical records director to rebut such presumption of reasonableness and necessity.

Under this assignment of error, defendants contend that, permitting plaintiff to establish the necessity of reasonableness of her medical expenses by introducing the bills from various doctors and hospitals as authorized by statute, thereby making the bills prima facie evidence that the treatment covered by the bills was necessary and the charges therefor reasonable, coupled with sustaining plaintiff's motion in limine, deprived defendants of due process of law. They further contend that the action of the court effectively precluded them from rebutting the statutory presumption that the medical expenses covered by the bills were necessary and reasonable, thereby raising prima facie evidence to an irrebuttable presumption.

Before the enactment of section 41-9-119, the common law was that medical expenses, where claimed as an element of damage, required proof connecting the bills for such medical expenses with the injury or disease sued on, together with proof that the charges for the medical expenses claimed were reasonable. Bryan Bros. Packing Co. v. Grubbs, 251 Miss. 252, 168 So.2d 289 (1964). The purpose of the statute was to simplify the procedure for proving medical expenses where claimed as an element of damages. It permits a party to introduce bills for medical expenses which have been paid or incurred, upon the testimony of the party that the bills were incurred or paid because of the illness, disease or injury sued on and makes the bills prima facie evidence that the treatment was necessary and the charges therefor were reasonable.

However, the statute does not cut off the right of a defendant to controvert the presumption established by the introduction of such bills. Defendants argue that they were prevented from calling witnesses to rebut the presumption that the treatment covered by the bills was necessary for treatment of the injury complained of and the charges were reasonable.

Plaintiff introduced medical bills summarized as follows:

Dr. Edwin Hemness $ 127.00 (8-4-74 to 10-8-74)

Northwest Mississippi Regional Medical Center 52.50 (7-17-74)

Drs. Ellis and Clark (radiology) 14.00 (7-17-74)

Northwest Mississippi Regional Medical Center Pharmacy 4.73 (7-17-74)

Dr. Orlando J. Andy 546.00 (3-24-75 to 10-13-75)

University of Mississippi Medical Center 388.10 (7-21-75 to 7-24-75)

University of Mississippi Medical Center (radiology) 28.00 (3-24-75)

Stone's Drug Store, Marks, Mississippi 69.22 (3-28-75 to 1-7-76)

Dr. Joe Campbell 92.00 (9-24-75 to 10-3-75)

Drs. Ellis and Clark 53.00 (9-26-75 to 10-1-75)

Northwest Mississippi Regional Medical Center 658.70 (9-24-75 to __________ 10-1-75)

TOTAL $2,125.25

We have enclosed in parenthesis the dates covered by the bills on the above schedule.

The medical bills introduced by plaintiff totaled $2,125.25. Defendants sought to call two physicians whose bills, together with the last hospital confinement, totaled $877.70. Defendant was injured in a collision which occurred on July 16, 1974 and it is observed that Dr. Hemness' bill covers a period from August 4, 1974 to October 8, 1974, Dr. Campbell's bill covers a period from September 24, 1975 to October 3, 1975 and the last hospital confinement covered a period from September 24, 1975 to October 1, 1975.

When the medical bills were introduced by the plaintiff, defendants pointed out to the court that a large amount of the medical expenses were represented by confinement of the defendant in the Northwest Mississippi Regional Medical Center and the services of the two physicians whom they sought to call as witnesses. Defendants stated that they desired to examine the physicians on two matters, (1) whether the treatment covered by the bills was necessary or related to the injury of plaintiff, or (2) whether the charges were reasonable.

Defendants argue that they should not have been prevented from calling the physicians to examine them on these matters because the physicians had examined plaintiff, prescribed treatment for her, and would be in the best position to know whether the treatment covered by the bills was for the injury sustained by plaintiff in the collision.

We hold that the physicians were not incompetent to testify on the question of the reasonableness of the charges for medical expenses, nor were they incompetent to testify whether the treatment of plaintiff covered by their bills, or the bill for hospitalization, where they were the attending physicians, was related to and necessary for treatment of the injury which was the subject matter of the lawsuit. The privileged communication statute does not prohibit testimony of the doctors on these two matters and the court erred when it refused to permit them to testify.

Defendants may not ask the physicians the nature of the disease or injury covered by their treatment, but the inquiry must be limited to whether the treatment was related to the injury complained of by the plaintiff. Killings v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., 187 Miss. 265, 192 So. 577 (1940) dealt with the physician-patient privileged communication statute, section 13-1-21, and contains an exhaustive discussion of the statute. In Killings we said:

Is it to be supposed that any honest majority of our legislature ever contemplated that this statute could be put to any such a use as that a party claiming to be suffering with a particular malady or injury could, for the purposes of a lawsuit, bring physician after physician to observe and examine him, and when from the number he had found one, who by his incompetency or want of moral sensibilities, or for other reasons, was willing to grossly overstate or misstate the malady or injury, he could use only that one, and thereby render the opponent party utterly helpless, even to the extent of forbidding the comment or inference which the questioned instruction here presents? We decline any such a supposition until the legislature shall enact a statute so explicit in its terms as to expressly exclude that declination. How far may a statute of this kind go and not come into conflict with the constitutional requirements of due process? And the unjust uses to which the statute has been attempted to be put, with the claim at the same time that the opposite party was rendered utterly helpless, is aptly illustrated by the two cases, Beard v. Williams [ 172 Miss. 880, 161 So. 750] and Robinson v. Haydel [ 177 Miss. 233, 171 So. 7], supra. (187 Miss. at 274, 192 So. at 579). (Emphasis supplied).

We think the question posed in Killings is pertinent to the question raised by this assignment of error, and hold that precluding the defendants from examining the physicians within the narrow scope permitted above amounts to a violation of due process.

For the same reasons, the Medical Records Director of Northwest Mississippi Regional Medical Center was not an incompetent witness simply because the hospital records are confidential. She could testify, without stating what the records show with reference to the nature of the disease or injury for which plaintiff was treated, whether the hospital confinement was for the injuries resulting from the collision, if her knowledge was from an independent source.

AFFIRMED AS TO LIABILITY AND REVERSED AND REMANDED FOR TRIAL ON ISSUE OF DAMAGES ONLY.

PATTERSON, C.J., and INZER and SMITH, P. JJ., and ROBERTSON, WALKER and BROOM, JJ., concur.

BOWLING and LEE, JJ., dissent.