Summary
In Konyha v Mount Clemens Civil Service Comm, 393 Mich. 422; 224 N.W.2d 833 (1975), the Supreme Court held that prior uncharged conduct cannot be considered in determining the propriety of punishment for a current charge of misconduct.
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Docket No. 54919.
Argued November 5, 1974 (Calendar No. 10.)
Decided January 21, 1975.
Leonard C. Jaques, P.C. (Kenneth A. Webb, of counsel), for plaintiff.
Daner, Freeman, McKenzie Matthews, P.C. (by Kenneth E. Scherer), for defendant.
Steven Konyha seeks reinstatement with back pay as a fireman with the Mt. Clemens Fire Department.
Konyha was discharged by the chief of the department for sleeping through a roll call immediately before a change in shift.
The Mt. Clemens Civil Service Commission found this disciplinary action "justified".
MCLA 38.514; MSA 5.3364; requires the "removing officer" to "justify" his disciplinary action at a hearing before the Civil Service Commission.
The circuit court affirmed after affirmatively resolving the propriety of the chief's and the commission's consideration of Konyha's prior conduct as a fireman in determining the extent of punishment.
The Court of Appeals in an unpublished memorandum opinion affirmed stating that the "determination of defendant Commission was based upon competent, material and substantial evidence on the whole record. Const 1963, art 6, § 28."
Viculin v Department of Civil Service, 386 Mich. 375; 192 N.W.2d 449 (1971); Peterson v Department of Natural Resources, 392 Mich. 68; 219 N.W.2d 34 (1974).
We hold that the firemen and policemen's civil service act ("all charges [against a policeman or fireman] shall be void unless filed within 90 days of the date of the violation".) precludes an appointing authority from considering uncharged allegations of employee misconduct when disciplining a fireman or policeman.
MCLA 38.514; MSA 5.3364.
The cause is remanded to the Mt. Clemens Civil Service Commission for reconsideration of the appropriate discipline for sleeping through a roll call.
I
The act provides job security for firemen and policemen during "good behavior and efficient service". Firemen and policemen may be disciplined, including discharge, "for incompetency, inefficiency, dishonesty, drunkenness, immoral conduct, insubordination, discourteous treatment to the public, neglect of duty, violation of the provisions of this act or the rules of the commission, or any other failure of good behavior, or any other acts of misfeasance, malfeasance or nonfeasance in office".
MCLA 38.514; MSA 5.3364.
Konyha and the other men on duty had shared watches throughout the night. When Konyha's watch terminated at 4 a.m., he awakened John Pieknik, another firefighter, to take over the watch. Konyha then did his laundry, showered, and eventually went to sleep. At 6:30 a.m. Pieknik said over the public address system: "Time to get up", and repeated it again:
"Q. You said, `time to get up, time to get up?'
"A. Yes."
Konyha testified he did not hear this wakeup call.
A lieutenant sleeping in the dormitory testified that he was awakened by the public address system; he was not asked, and did not say, whether he attempted to awaken Konyha.
When Konyha failed to report at 7 a.m. for the roll call, the chief and the lieutenant went to awaken him. The chief testified that Konyha, upon being awakened, admitted that he had heard the wakeup signal and then went back to sleep. The commission asserts that this "admission" indicates "willful" misconduct.
Konyha denied making that statement. He testified that he only told the chief that he should not have gone to sleep after finishing his chores because he was a heavy sleeper. The lieutenant could not verify the statement attributed by the chief to Konyha because, according to the chief, the lieutenant left as soon as they saw Konyha in bed and was not present for the statement.
Konyha's infraction occurred on August 28, 1970. The chief, on September 25, after "quite a period of consideration", presented Konyha his "notice of discharge". The notice characterized Konyha's failure to be at "roll call on the oncoming and off-going platoons" as "a neglect of duty".
The charge improperly states that Konyha had been awakened by the lieutenant and had then gone back to sleep. The chief testified that the lieutenant told him that he, the lieutenant, had awakened Konyha, but subsequently told him that was not true.
Konyha had failed timely to respond to an emergency alarm due to oversleeping on April 2, 1970. He was formally charged and disciplined with a two-day suspension.
The September 25 notice of discharge charges that Konyha's failure to respond to the roll call on August 28, together with the previous oversleeping charge, "exhibits a pattern on Mr. Konyha's part which endangers the lives and properties of the citizens of Mount Clemens and also his fellow firefighters".
The chief's discharge of Konyha and the commission's validation of his action were not based solely on the specifications of the charge. Konyha had been with the department for three years and the chief considered his "whole file", "his whole record" in reaching his decision.
Apart from the April, 1970 suspension, Konyha had neither been charged nor disciplined for any of these other purported incidents. Allegedly, on June 18, 1969, a little over a year before the August 28 incident, Konyha had slept through another roll call. Although the chief wrote Konyha a letter concerning the incident, formal charges were not filed. The chief, with the benefit of hearsay, also testified to other instances of Konyha oversleeping: "I had been informed, though, that Mr. Konyha was sleeping right up to roll calls and through roll calls by his officer in charge at that time".
It appears that the chief's discharge of Konyha was predicated not only on this particular missed roll call and the earlier infraction, but rather was motivated by a general dissatisfaction — not charged — with Konyha's performance. Konyha had failed to achieve a step increase given those "showing normal progress". His advance was delayed "because of his lack of initiative and lack of performing his duties here in the station."
Konyha's counsel continually objected to introduction and consideration of testimony regarding alleged incidents and matters not included in the charge and, citing the statute, objected to testimony about uncharged incidents more than 90 days old.
The City Attorney argued the propriety of considering Konyha's entire performance as a fireman: "It is not a single incident. It is a group of activities. * * * I don't feel that the Civil Service Act prevents the overall conduct of an employee from coming to the attention of a Civil Service Commission merely because there was no complaint or no specific charge filed with the Civil Service Commission. * * * The nature of the discipline is dependent upon the overall behavior of the respondent, as of necessity it must be. * * * He's being disciplined, he's being disciplined on the basis of his overall conduct as a fireman."
The chairman of the commission ruled the testimony admissible: "I think that the entire record of the man, as far as his performance of the duties of a fireman, have to go to the final determination by the chief".
II
The statute reads:
"Provided, however, no member of any fire or police department within the terms of this act shall be removed, discharged, reduced in rank or pay, suspended or otherwise punished except for cause, and in no event until he shall have been furnished with a written statement of the charges and the reasons for such actions, and all charges shall be void unless filed within 90 days of the date of the violation, except in the case of a probationer, whose violations may accumulate for the probationary period." (Emphasis supplied.)
MCLA 38.514; MSA 5.3364.
The circuit court construed this language as a statute of limitations prohibiting the bringing of charges for infractions more than 90 days old. The commission contends that earlier charges are void only to the extent that they "cannot be used to prove present charges" but are viable and "relevant in determining [the] penalty that should be imposed for a proven violation".
The purpose of the act is to provide job security for policemen and firemen. Discipline may not be imposed because of vague misgivings about performance. Discipline is justified only "for cause". A written statement of charges and the reasons for the disciplinary action must be furnished. The appointing/removing authority bears the burden of justifying its action.
Permitting consideration, for the purpose of assessing punishment, of charges not brought within 90 days would expose policemen and firemen to discharge for any infraction of any rule. Whenever there is an adjudicated violation — and almost everyone can be found guilty of violation of some rule or regulation — the appointing/removing authority could "justify" any discipline, including discharge, on the basis of the offender's "whole file".
The statutory language and legislative purpose renders the sentencing analogy inapposite. Permitting an appointing/removing authority to justify the imposition of discipline on the basis of the "whole file" — not charged and which could not be charged because antedating 90 days — would be to allow it to say one thing and do another; that is, to allow it to say that Konyha was discharged for missing the roll call but, since discharge is clearly excessive and cannot be "justified", to allow it to in fact discharge him because of general dissatisfaction with his performance, in derogation of his legislatively granted job security.
III
The circuit court relied on Town of West New York v Bock, 38 N.J. 500; 186 A.2d 97 (1962) as supporting the commission's consideration of Konyha's "whole file". Bock, a fireman, was formally charged with tardiness on three separate, but recent (within the preceding three to four weeks) instances. Evidence was presented of prior instances of tardiness. In some, Bock was charged, his guilt determined and punishment assessed while, in others, "some trivial, some serious", the charge had not been adjudicated or substantiated. On review, Bock's discharge by the appointing authority was reduced to 15 months suspension by the commission and further lowered to 6 months by an appellate court.
The court cited two other cases. Both (NLRB v Harrah's Club, 403 F.2d 865 [CA 9, 1968] and Local No. 1424, International Association of Machinists v NLRB, 362 U.S. 411; 80 S Ct 822; 4 L Ed 2d 832 [1960]) concern a six-month statute of limitation for filing unfair labor practice charges under the NLRA and are not relevant.
Severest punishment — 15-day suspension.
71 N.J. Super. 143; 176 A.2d 527 (1961).
In considering the town's appeal challenging the insufficiency of the six-months suspension — Bock did not cross-appeal — the New Jersey Supreme Court stated that an employee's "past record", although inadmissible to "prove a present charge * * * may be resorted to for guidance in determining the appropriate penalty for the specific offense".
Significant statutory differences preclude our relying on the New Jersey Court's dictum. The Bock Court did not construe a statute that renders void "all charges" not "filed within 90 days of the date of the violation". The pertinent New Jersey statute provided that the Civil Service Commission hearing "shall be for the purpose of fairly determining whether the employee involved, by reason of his act as charged and his record of service, merits continuance therein or should be removed therefrom or otherwise disciplined for the good of the service". (Emphasis supplied.)
Bock's "past record" was not considered. The adequacy of the suspension was judged solely on the then charged three instances of tardiness.
"There was no adjudicated disciplinary action more recent than one occurring approximately 7 years before the hearing. There was no proof that the log entries of prior tardiness had been admitted by him. And, there was no competent evidence of any recent warnings. So the case must stand, with respect to penalty, only on Bock's guilt of the three instances specifically charged." Town of West New York v Bock, 38 N.J. 500, 524; 186 A.2d 97, 110 (1962).
RS 11:15-5, NJSA — This statute pertained to state employees, not municipal employees. The Court was uncertain whether it applied to municipal employees by incorporation. It went on to say that whatever the applicability of the statute "consideration of past record is inherently relevant." 38 NJ at 523; 186 A.2d at 109.
IV
In Brown v Department of State Police, 392 Mich. 811 (1974), we set aside the discharge of a trooper from the State Police because of procedural error, adding "[d]ischarge was manifestly an excessive and arbitrary discipline unjustified on this record" and remanded to the Civil Service Commission "for establishment of an appropriate disciplinary suspension".
One can appreciate the chief's concern that an oversleeping firefighter, causing even the slightest delay in an emergency situation, may jeopardize the safety of the community and of his fellow officers. It does not follow, however, that Konyha's failure to be present at this routine roll call impaired the safety of anyone or is sufficiently indicative of potential impairment of safety to justify this extreme punishment.
The failure to distinguish between no response to an emergency call and no response to a roll call ignores a practical distinction; the noise emanating from an emergency call is significantly louder and different in urgency than "Time to get up, time to get up" over a public address system of uncertain volume.
Konyha had been suspended for 2 days for failing timely to respond to an emergency alarm. The instant charge, sleeping through a non-emergency roll call, even when viewed together with the prior infraction, does not justify discharge.
Other firemen had missed roll calls. Konyha was the first to be discharged for that delinquency.
We remand to the Mt. Clemens Civil Service Commission to determine a proper period of suspension for Konyha and to award him the back pay to which he is entitled.
T.G. KAVANAGH, C.J., and T.M. KAVANAGH, SWAINSON, WILLIAMS, and M.S. COLEMAN, JJ., concurred with LEVIN, J.
J.W. FITZGERALD, J., did not sit in this case.
NOTE: Where possible, a syllabus (headnote), such as this, will be released at the time the opinion is released. This syllabus is not a part of the opinion of the Court but has been written by the Supreme Court Reporter as a summary of the case for the convenience of readers. See United States v Detroit Lumber Company, 200 U.S. 321, 337; 26 S Ct 282; 50 L Ed 499 (1906).