Summary
In Jolly, 333 Ark. 394, 970 S.W.2d 221, this court determined that the decedent's husband was a stranger to the proceedings in probate court because he had no claim in his wife's estate and was not the executor of the estate.
Summary of this case from Smith v. SmithOpinion
97-1316
Opinion delivered June 4, 1998
1. EXECUTORS ADMINISTRATORS — JURISDICTION OF PROBATE COURT — CANNOT TRY TITLE TO PROPERTY CLAIMED BY STRANGER TO ESTATE. — The probate court lacks jurisdiction to try title to property claimed by a "stranger" to the estate, i.e., one who has no claim as a beneficiary of the estate or the personal representative; an administratrix, although claiming the property in her own right is not a "stranger" to the estate (not a third party), and thus probate court would have jurisdiction of the subject matter; a decedent's mother is a "stranger" to the estate, and so the probate court would lack jurisdiction to determine the title to any property in question; the jurisdiction issue cannot be waived. 2. EXECUTORS ADMINISTRATORS — APPELLANT WAS STRANGER TO ESTATE — PROBATE COURT LACKED JURISDICTION — CASE REMANDED TO PROBATE COURT FOR TRANSFER TO PROPER COURT. — Where it was clear that appellant was a "stranger" or "third party" to the probate proceedings as he had no claim in the estate of his deceased wife and was not acting as executor of the estate, both the probate and the supreme courts lacked jurisdiction of the matter at hand; the case was reversed and remanded to the probate court for transfer to the proper court.
Appeal from Arkansas Probate Court; Russell Rogers, Probate Judge; reversed and remanded.
Bachelor, Newell Oliver, by: Stephen D. Oliver, for appellant.
Roachell Law Firm, by: Travis Creed, for appellee.
This appeal was certified to us by the Arkansas Court of Appeals to resolve a question of first impression. Ernestine Owen bought a truck. The title to the truck showed the owners as "Hughey E. Jolly, Jr., or E.L. Owen." Thereafter Mr. Jolly and Ms. Owen married. They entered an antenuptial agreement, each relinquishing any rights in the separate property of the other. Their separate properties were listed in the agreement, and the lists did not include the truck. Ms. Jolly, formerly E.L. Owen, died. Mr. Jolly remained in possession of the truck and had the title converted to show him as sole owner. Ms. Jolly's daughter, serving as executrix of her estate, obtained an order from the probate court requiring Mr. Jolly to appear for examination to discover assets, specifically directed to the truck. After a hearing on the matter, the probate judge ruled that the estate of Ms. Jolly owned a one-half interest in the truck. Mr. Jolly appealed, contending that he and Ms. Jolly had owned the truck jointly with right of survivorship, and thus he became the owner upon her death. We cannot reach the issue as the probate court lacked jurisdiction to try the title to the truck.
[1] The probate court lacks jurisdiction to try title to property claimed by a "stranger" to the estate, i.e., one who has no claim as a beneficiary of the estate or the personal representative. In Snow v. Martensen, 255 Ark. 1049, 505 S.W.2d 20 (1974), we dealt with a title contest between the administratrix of an estate, claiming property in her own right and not as a beneficiary or on behalf of the estate, and persons who were beneficiaries. We held that the administratrix, although claiming the property in her own right was not a "stranger" to the estate, and thus probate court had jurisdiction of the subject matter. We followed that case with Hilburn v. First State Bank of Springdale, 259 Ark. 569, 535 S.W.2d 810 (1976), in which the mother of the decedent filed exceptions to the inventory of the decedent's estate. She claimed that certain property listed as part of the estate belonged to her and that an undelivered deed purporting to convey property from her to the decedent had been surreptitiously obtained by the heirs. No question as to the subject-matter jurisdiction issue was raised by the parties, but we raised it. We overruled cases that had suggested that the jurisdiction issue could be waived and held that, as the decedent's mother was a "stranger" to the estate, the probate court lacked jurisdiction to determine title to the property in question. We distinguished the Snow decision on the basis that the claimants there were not "third parties."
[2] It is clear that Mr. Jolly is a "stranger" or "third party" to the probate proceedings as he has no claim in the estate of Ms. Jolly and is not acting as executor of the estate. As the probate court lacked jurisdiction of the matter at hand, so does this court. Lawhon v. State, 328 Ark. 335, 942 S.W.2d 864 (1997) ("If the trial court lacks jurisdiction, the appellate court also lacks jurisdiction."); Craig v. Taylor, 323 Ark. 363, 915 S.W.2d 257 (1996) ("When the trial court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, the appellate court also lacks jurisdiction."). The case is remanded to the probate court for transfer to the proper court. See Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3).
Reversed and remanded.