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Harding v. County of Door

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
Mar 20, 1989
870 F.2d 430 (7th Cir. 1989)

Summary

holding that a decision is not irrational merely because it is erroneous

Summary of this case from John C. & Maureen G. Osborne Revocable Family Tr. v. Town of Long Beach

Opinion

No. 88-2352.

Argued January 17, 1989.

Decided March 20, 1989.

Michael T. Hopkins, Milwaukee, Wis., for plaintiff-appellant.

John Koeppl, Dewitt Porter Huggett Schumacher Morgan, S.C., Madison, Wis., for defendant-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.

Before WOOD, Jr., POSNER and FLAUM; Circuit Judges.


John Harding appeals from the district court's entry of summary judgment in favor of defendant Door County, Wisconsin. We affirm.

I.

In 1983, plaintiff John Harding, decided to develop a tract of land he owned in Door County, Wisconsin. Harding's plan of development contemplated the construction of fourteen single family homes to be sold on a condominium time-share basis. Under this plan, a purchaser of a time slot would have exclusive possession of a particular home for one week during each season of the year. Thus, it was theoretically possible for thirteen different families to reside in a single home during the year.

In accordance with Wisconsin zoning provisions, Harding submitted his plans for the project to a zoning administrator. The zoning administrator determined that the plans complied with the terms of the relevant zoning ordinance and issued the permit. Construction on the first of the houses commenced soon afterwards.

After construction on the project was already underway, a neighboring landowner, concerned about the possibility of multiple tenants occupying a single home, petitioned the Door County Board of Adjustment ("Board") to overturn the administrator's decision. The Board conducted a public hearing on the issue and ultimately determined that single family time-share condominiums were not permitted under the relevant zoning ordinance. As a result, the Board revoked Harding's building permit.

Harding unsuccessfully appealed the Board's decision to the Circuit Court of Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Court of Appeals, however, eventually reversed the lower court and ordered the Board to reinstate the permit. By this time, however, Harding lacked the financial capability to complete the project.

After triumphing in the appellate court, Harding, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, filed suit against Door County in the district court alleging that the revocation of his building permit violated his substantive due process rights. The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment and, in July 1988, the district court granted Door County's motion. Harding appeals from this decision.

II.

Harding's principal argument on appeal is that the Board violated his substantive due process rights by revoking his building permit. A zoning decision denies substantive due process only if it is invidious or irrational. Coniston Corp. v. Village of Hoffman Estates, 844 F.2d 461 (7th Cir. 1988). Therefore, Harding must demonstrate that the Board's decision revoking his building permit was invidious or irrational.

Plaintiff argues that the Board's zoning decision was irrational because it lacked authority under Wisconsin law to revoke a building permit once it determined that the building complied with the zoning ordinance's structure or use requirements. This court, however, rejected a similar argument in Coniston stating:

This case presents a garden-variety zoning dispute dressed up in the trappings of constitutional law — a sure sign of masquerading being that the plaintiffs do not challenge the constitutionality of the zoning ordinance s. . . . but argue rather that the Board of Trustees had no authority under those ordinances to reject their site plan once the Village Plan Commission had approved it. If the plaintiffs can get us to review the merit of the Board of Trustees decision under state law, we cannot imagine what zoning dispute could not be shoehorned into federal court in this way, there to displace or postpone consideration of some worthier object of federal judicial solicitude.

844 F.2d at 467 (emphasis added). Moreover, if this argument had merit, we find it remarkable that the Wisconsin Court of Appeals failed to address it in its decision.

Plaintiff also contends that the Board's decision itself was irrational. This argument, too, is without merit. The record reveals that the Board rendered a reasoned decision based on a perfectly logical interpretation of the relevant zoning ordinance. In interpreting the ordinance the Board analyzed the rationale underlying the statute and rendered a decision that it believed was consistent with the intent of the legislature that drafted it. Although the Wisconsin Court of Appeals ultimately determined that the Board's interpretation of the zoning ordinance was erroneous, this fact does not transform the Board's rational decision into an irrational one.

Finally, plaintiff argues that the Board engaged in intentional discrimination against him. Intentional discrimination may be shown by evidence indicating a discriminatory design to favor one individual over another. Scudder v. Town of Greendale, Ind., 704 F.2d 999 (7th Cir. 1983). This claim, like its predecessors, is completely without merit. Harding has adduced no evidence demonstrating that the Board has approved a similar development project in the past.

We conclude by reminding potential litigants that the federal courts are ordinarily not vehicles to review zoning board decisions. Accordingly, we urge both potential litigants and their attorneys to read this opinion in conjunction with our previous decision in Coniston before commencing a suit challenging a zoning decision in federal court.

AFFIRMED.


Summaries of

Harding v. County of Door

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
Mar 20, 1989
870 F.2d 430 (7th Cir. 1989)

holding that a decision is not irrational merely because it is erroneous

Summary of this case from John C. & Maureen G. Osborne Revocable Family Tr. v. Town of Long Beach

holding that county board of adjustment's erroneous interpretation of zoning ordinance did not transform its rational decision into an irrational one that violated the applicant's substantive due process rights

Summary of this case from Blumenthal Investment Trusts v. City of West Des Moines

finding no substantive due process violation when county revoked building permit after construction of housing project had commenced, notwithstanding that state reviewing court had determined the action to be illegal

Summary of this case from Rivkin v. Dover Tp. Rent Leveling Bd.

In Harding v. County of Door, 870 F.2d 430 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 853, 110 S.Ct. 154, 107 L.Ed.2d 112 (1989), for example, Harding had sought and received a building permit from a zoning administrator to construct time-share condominiums in Door County, Wisconsin. He commenced construction but was forced to stop when a neighbor complained, and the Door County Board of Adjustment responded to the complaint by overturning the zoning administrator's decision.

Summary of this case from Hartland Sportsman's Club v. Delafield

zoning decision revoking a building permit denies substantive due process if it is invidious or irrational; held, the decision was not irrational

Summary of this case from Polenz v. Parrott

recommending Coniston Corp., 844 F.2d 461

Summary of this case from WSPR Enter. v. Town of Spring Prairie

In Harding, a zoning administrator approved plaintiff's plans to build a number of time-share condominiums on a plot of land.

Summary of this case from Reimer v. Shelby County, Illinois

In Harding v. County of Door, 870 F.2d 430 (7th Cir. 1989), the plaintiff, like ILC, brought a § 1983 action alleging a violation of substantive due process on the ground that the Door County Board of Adjustment's zoning decision was irrational because it lacked authority under Wisconsin law.

Summary of this case from Indiana Land Company, LLC v. City of Greenwood, (S.D.Ind. 2003)
Case details for

Harding v. County of Door

Case Details

Full title:JOHN T. HARDING, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT, v. COUNTY OF DOOR, DEFENDANT-APPELLEE

Court:United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit

Date published: Mar 20, 1989

Citations

870 F.2d 430 (7th Cir. 1989)

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