ALICE ROBIE RESNICK, J.

The broad issue in this case is whether the commission may allocate and apportion the LGF and LGRAF in 1992 according to the alternative formula adopted on October 1, 1990. In determining this issue, we must address three contentions raised by appellants: (1) that appellees' appeal to the BTA filed on October 25, 1991, was untimely; (2) that a multi-year alternative formula for apportioning the LGF and LGRAF, adopted beyond the statutory deadline of September 1 for the year of its intended inception, is effective and applicable in subsequent years; and (3) that in failing to successfully appeal the October 1, 1990 adoption of the alternative formula to the BTA for the 1991 allocations, appellees waived their right to attack any procedural deficiencies in the adopting process in their appeal of the 1992 allocations.

I

We will first consider appellants' contention that appellees untimely appealed the 1992 allocations to the BTA. It is appellants' position that when appellees received the commission's letter dated August 7, 1991, they had thirty days from that time in which to perfect their appeal. Under R.C. 5705.37, an appeal must be perfected within thirty days of receiving either the official certificate or notice, whichever occurs first. "Notice" is defined in R.C. 5747.51(J). The letter of August 7 was in "substantial compliance" with R.C. 5747.51(J), appellants argue, because it "alerted the subdivision as to their allocation under the formula." Thus, since this letter was received by appellees, respectively, on August 12 and August 13, 1991, their appeal filed with the BTA on October 25, 1991 was untimely.

We construe appellants' contention as a motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, which we deny.

R.C. 5705.37 provides, in relevant part, that:

"The taxing authority of any subdivision that is dissatisfied with any action of the county budget commission may, through its fiscal officer, appeal to the board of tax appeals within thirty days after the receipt by the subdivision of the official certificate or notice of the commission's action."

In Budget Comm. of Brown Cty. v. Georgetown (1986), 24 Ohio St.3d 33, 24 OBR 76, 492 N.E.2d 826, at the syllabus, we construed this language as follows:

"Pursuant to the express terms of R.C. 5705.37, the permissible time in which to perfect an appeal to the Board of Tax Appeals may be triggered by a subdivision's receipt of either the official certificate as set forth in R.C. 5705.37 or by receipt of notice as defined in R.C. 5747.51(J)."

Since appellants' appeal of the 1992 allocations was perfected within thirty days of receiving the official certificates but not within thirty days of receiving the commission's letter dated August 7, 1991, the determinative question is whether this letter constitutes "notice" as defined in R.C. 5747.51(J).

The relevant portion of R.C. 5747.51(J) provides that:

"Within ten days after the budget commission has made its apportionment, whether conducted pursuant to section 5747.51 or 5747.53 of the Revised Code, the auditor shall publish a list of the subdivisions and the amount each is to receive from the undivided local government fund and the percentage share of each subdivision, in a newspaper or newspapers of countywide circulation, and send a copy of such allocation to the tax commissioner.

"The county auditor shall also send by certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy of such allocation to the fiscal officer of each subdivision entitled to participate in the allocation of the undivided local government fund of the county. This copy shall constitute the official notice of the commission action referred to in section 5705.37 of the Revised Code." (Emphasis added.)

R.C. 5747.62(I) contains the same operative language applicable to LGRAF allocations.

The notice that is necessary to trigger the permissible time in which to perfect an appeal under R.C. 5705.37 is defined in R.C. 5747.51(J) and 5747.62(I) as a copy of the allocation required to be published and sent to the Tax Commissioner. Such allocation must include a list of the subdivisions, and the amount and percentage share that each subdivision is to receive from the fund being apportioned. Notice is required under these sections regardless of whether the statutory formula or an authorized alternative formula is utilized for the apportionment.

Neither R.C. 5747.51(J) nor 5747.62(I) provides for an alternative method in lieu of compliance with its mandatory notice requirements. Since the commission's letter dated August 7, 1991, did not include a copy of the allocation specified as constituting notice under R.C. 5747.51(J), it did not trigger the appeal time under R.C. 5705.37 with respect to the LGF apportionment. Similarly, since the commission's letter also failed to include a copy of the allocation specified as constituting notice under R.C. 5747.62(I), it did not trigger the appeal time under R.C. 5705.37 with respect to the LGRAF apportionment. Further, even if we were to recognize that "substantial compliance" with the notice requirements of R.C. 5747.51(J) and/or 5747.62(I) could trigger the appeal time under R.C. 5705.37, such did not occur by virtue of the commission's August 7 letter. That letter did nothing more than apprise each subdivision of its own respective numerical share of each fund.

Accordingly, we find appellants' contention to be without merit.

II

Appellants' principal contention is that the alternative formula adopted on October 1, 1990 "for the years 1991 through 2000," even though adopted beyond September 1, 1990, is nevertheless viable for 1992. They argue that since the alternative formula was adopted before the September 1, 1991 deadline for the 1992 allocations, "no subdivision was prejudiced by the apparent untimeliness." Since the intent of adopting the alternative formula was to provide for a multi-year method of distribution, the untimely adoption in the first year should not serve to thwart "the intent of the subdivisions to utilize said formula in subsequent years." We disagree.

The LGF and the LGRAF were created as "a form of financial state support of the smaller governmental units existing in Ohio." Andover Twp. v. Ashtabula Cty. Budget Comm. (1977), 49 Ohio St.2d 171, 173, 3 O.O.3d 238, 239, 360 N.E.2d 690, 691. They consist of state-collected tax money credited under various provisions of the Revised Code. R.C. 5725.24, 5727.45, 5733.12, 5739.21, 5741.03, 5747.03 and 5747.61. Such funds are designed "to assist the county and its subdivisions in their current operations." Canton v. Stark Cty. Budget Comm. (1988), 40 Ohio St.3d 243, 533 N.E.2d 308, 309. "These funds are transferred by the state auditor to the several counties for distribution to the local subdivisions." Andover, supra, 49 Ohio St.2d at 173-174, 3 O.O.3d at 239, 360 N.E.2d at 691.

It is the responsibility of each county's budget commission to determine the amount of each fund "needed by and to be apportioned to each subdivision for current operating expenses." R.C. 5747.51(B) and 5747.62(B). Both of these sections provide that this determination shall be made pursuant to the respective statutory formulas set forth therein, "unless the commission has provided" for an alternative formula. Under R.C. 5747.53(A) and 5747.63(A), "the county budget commission may provide for the apportionment of such fund under an alternative method or on a formula basis as authorized by this section. Such alternative method of apportionment shall have first been approved by all of the following governmental units * * *."

R.C. 5705.27 provides, in pertinent part, that the commission "shall complete its work on or before the first day of September, annually, unless for good cause the tax commissioner extends the time for completing the work." In Shawnee Twp. v. Allen Cty. Budget Comm. (1991), 58 Ohio St.3d 14, 16, 567 N.E.2d 1007, 1010, we explained that the effect of failing to adopt an alternative formula by September 1 is to render the alternative formula nonexistent for the next year's allocations. As the court of appeals explained in Englewood v. Montgomery Cty. Budget Comm. (1987), 39 Ohio App.3d 153, 155, 530 N.E.2d 924, 926-927:

"R.C. 5705.27 succinctly sets forth, in mandatory language, that a budget commission shall complete its work on or before September first of each year unless an extension is granted by the Tax Commissioner. If no extension is granted, the budget commission must be prepared to invoke an alternate formula approved prior to September first, pursuant to R.C. 5747.53, or the statutory formula, set forth in R.C. 5747.51, comes into effect by operation of law.

"* * *

"Thus, a budget commission may adopt an alternate formula in lieu of the statutory method of distribution if the alternate formula is approved and ready to be implemented by the September first deadline." (Emphasis sic.)

Appellants seek to distinguish the case sub judice from Shawnee Twp. and Englewood on two grounds. The first ground, appellants assert, is that none of the participating subdivisions in this case suffered any prejudice, since "there was no delay in the receipt of LGF fund [ sic] and LGRAF funds [ sic] for the year 1992."

In support of their assertion, appellants rely exclusively on Troy v. Miami Cty. (1959), 168 Ohio St. 418, 7 O.O.2d 258, 155 N.E.2d 909. In Troy, this court stated that the time limitation placed on the commission by R.C. 5705.27 to complete its work by September 1 was directory and not mandatory, "`at least where the rights of no person or class of persons would be prejudiced by the delay.'" Id. at 430, 7 O.O.2d at 265, 155 N.E.2d at 916. This discussion, however, took place within the context of a situation that is sui generis and should not be understood as having any precedential value beyond that situation.

The situation in Troy involved amendments to R.C. 5739.23 which were not effective until September 16, 1957. Contained within those amendments was the language regarding the time and manner of apportioning the LGF. On January 16, 1958, the commission allocated the 1958 LGF in accordance with the formula prescribed in the amendments. This court upheld the commission's action notwithstanding R.C. 5705.27, finding that amended R.C. 5739.23 was applicable to distributions made in 1958. In so doing, it was noted that amended R.C. 5739.23 was not effective until after the date established by R.C. 5705.27 for the commission to complete its work. In order to give a prospective operation to amended R.C. 5739.23, it was necessary to find R.C. 5705.27's time prescription inapplicable. Thus, we stated that "`[a]ll enactments imposing duties impossible of performance within the stipulated time have been declared directory.'" Id. at 430, 7 O.O.2d at 265, 155 N.E.2d at 916.

The holding in Troy, therefore, is limited to the first year in which a prospective statutory provision for allocating funds is enacted with an effective date subsequent to September 1.

The second ground on which appellants seek to distinguish Shawnee Twp. and Englewood is that those cases "do not directly address the issues involving a multiple year, alternate formula." Under appellants' view, a multi-year alternative formula, which is invalidly adopted beyond the September 1 deadline in the year of its intended inception, is simply postponed until the following year.

Appellants misconstrue the import of failing to adopt an alternative formula by the September 1 deadline. The deadline is a statutory precondition to the existence of a purported alternative method of allocation, regardless of its intended longevity. As the BTA aptly explained, were we to find that a multi-year alternative formula, untimely adopted, could become effective in the year following its intended inception "without any further action by [the] county budget commission, the objectives of the participating subdivisions for the first year, which is clearly invalid, could be frustrated." It would then be necessary to determine the intent of the various participating governmental units in approving the adoption of the alternative method formula. Such a contractual analysis, however, is precisely what this court rejected in Andover, supra, 49 Ohio St. 2 d at 174, 3 O.O.3d at 239, 360 N.E.2d at 692. It is this very necessity of ascertaining the intent of the various governmental units that requires the adoption procedure to commence anew in the following year, especially since "the entire statutory scheme implies an annual determination of the method of distribution." Id. at 175, 3 O.O.3d at 240, 360 N.E.2d at 692.

Accordingly, we find the alternative methods of apportioning the LGF and LGRAF adopted by the commission on October 1, 1990, to be invalid. Since those methods never came into existence, they cannot be utilized in apportioning the LGF and LGRAF in 1992 or thereafter.

III

Appellants' final contention is that any errors in the adopting process were waived by appellees "in their failure to raise them in their 1990 appeal to [the BTA]."

The doctrine of res judicata, whether claim preclusion or issue preclusion, may, under appropriate circumstances, be applied to decisions rendered by administrative bodies such as the BTA. See Set Products, Inc. v. Bainbridge Twp. Bd. of Zoning Appeals (1987), 31 Ohio St.3d 260, 31 OBR 463, 510 N.E.2d 373; Superior's Brand Meats, Inc. v. Lindley (1980), 62 Ohio St.2d 133, 16 O.O.3d 150, 403 N.E.2d 996.

In S. Russell v. Geauga Cty. Budget Comm. (1984), 12 Ohio St.3d 126, 134, 12 OBR 167, 174, 465 N.E.2d 876, 883, however, we held that "pursuant to R.C. 5705.37, the taxing authority of a subdivision must file a notice of appeal to the Board of Tax Appeals in each year that an action taken by a county budget commission is questioned." It would be inconsistent with this holding to apply claim preclusion to defeat appeals filed in successive years pursuant to R.C. 5705.37.

On the other hand, issue preclusion, or collateral estoppel, precludes the relitigation of an issue or issues "that have been actually and necessarily litigated and determined in a prior action." Goodson v. McDonough Power Equip., Inc. (1983), 2 Ohio St.3d 193, 195, 2 OBR 732, 734, 443 N.E.2d 978, 981. See, also, Krahn v. Kinney (1989), 43 Ohio St.3d 103, 107, 538 N.E.2d 1058, 1062. A ruling by a tribunal, however, that it lacks jurisdiction is not a ruling on the merits of the claim and has no res judicata effect. State ex rel. Schneider v. N. Olmsted Bd. of Edn. (1988), 39 Ohio St.3d 281, 530 N.E.2d 206; Gibson v. Summers Constr. Co. (1955), 163 Ohio St. 220, 56 O.O. 223, 126 N.E.2d 326, paragraph three of the syllabus. See, also, Annotation, Res Judicata Effect of Judgment Dismissing Action, or Otherwise Denying Relief, for Lack of Jurisdiction or Venue (1956), 49 A.L.R.2d 1036. Such a ruling by its nature precludes any further inquiry into the issues comprising the merits of the claim.

Appellants do not contend, and the record does not reveal, that the issue of the untimely adoption of the alternative formula on October 1, 1990 was "actually and necessarily litigated and determined" in the consolidated appeal to the BTA from the 1991 allocations. Instead, appellants have stipulated that that case "was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction." Accordingly, we find appellants' third contention to be without merit.

In light of the foregoing, we affirm the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals.

Decision affirmed.

MOYER, C.J., A.W. SWEENEY, DOUGLAS, F.E. SWEENEY and PFEIFER, JJ., concur.

WRIGHT, J., dissents.