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Durfee v. State

Court of Appeals of Georgia
May 1, 1996
471 S.E.2d 32 (Ga. Ct. App. 1996)

Summary

rejecting defendant'sargument that because the informant supplied her with “sham” cocaine, the evidence of attempted trafficking was insufficient

Summary of this case from Lucas v. State

Opinion

A96A0594.

DECIDED MAY 1, 1996 — CERT. APPLIED FOR.

Drug violation. Gwinnett Superior Court. Before Judge Clark.

Spruell Dubuc, Billy L. Spruell, Melinda D. Taylor, for appellant.

Daniel J. Porter, District Attorney, Dan W. Mayfield, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.


After a bench trial, Vickie Hafley Durfee was convicted of one count of trafficking in cocaine and one count of criminal attempt to traffic in cocaine. On appeal, she argues that her convictions exposed her to double jeopardy and challenges the sufficiency of the evidence on the attempt charge.

Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the State's evidence showed that Durfee entered into a drug transaction with a confidential informant which involved the transfer of approximately two ounces of cocaine. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319-320 (99 SC 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560) (1979). The transaction which provided the basis for the second count occurred when the confidential informant delivered several ounces of "sham" cocaine to Durfee, who was arrested several moments later.

Prior to her convictions, federal authorities initiated a civil forfeiture proceeding against Durfee's residence arising out of the same activity. After Durfee's state court convictions, the forfeiture case culminated in a consent judgment requiring Durfee to pay $18,000 in lieu of forfeiting her property. Held:

1. The trial court properly rejected Durfee's double jeopardy argument. Although the federal prohibition against double jeopardy may reach civil proceedings in "rare" instances when civil penalties may constitute punishments for double jeopardy purposes, it does not apply here because the double jeopardy clause reaches only subsequent punishments, not the initial punishment imposed for a criminal act. United States v. Halper, 490 U.S. 435, 448-449 ( 109 SC 1892, 104 L.Ed.2d 487) (1989); Moser v. Richmond County Bd. of Commrs., 263 Ga. 63 (1) ( 428 S.E.2d 71) (1993).

Although the issue is one of first impression in this State, we believe jeopardy attached in the federal civil forfeiture action when the judgment was entered and the sanction actually meted out, which occurred after Durfee's criminal convictions. Accord United States v. Stanwood, 872 F. Supp. 791 (D. Or. 1994). Because no other judgment had been rendered at the time of Durfee's convictions, double jeopardy analysis has no application to this case.

This finding precludes Durfee's arguments under state constitutional and statutory law. Moreover, Georgia's statutory protections against double jeopardy have no application to civil proceedings. Murphy v. State, 219 Ga. App. 474 ( 465 S.E.2d 497) (1995).

2. We reject Durfee's argument that, because the informant supplied her with "sham" cocaine, the evidence of attempted trafficking was insufficient. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. at 319-320. The fact that Durfee attempted to traffic imitation cocaine does not relieve her of culpability absent evidence that she knew the substance was not cocaine. Guzman v. State, 206 Ga. App. 170, 171-172 (2) ( 424 S.E.2d 849) (1992); OCGA § 16-4-4. No such evidence was presented.

Judgment affirmed. Pope, P. J., and Andrews, J., concur.


DECIDED MAY 1, 1996 — CERT. APPLIED FOR.


Summaries of

Durfee v. State

Court of Appeals of Georgia
May 1, 1996
471 S.E.2d 32 (Ga. Ct. App. 1996)

rejecting defendant'sargument that because the informant supplied her with “sham” cocaine, the evidence of attempted trafficking was insufficient

Summary of this case from Lucas v. State
Case details for

Durfee v. State

Case Details

Full title:DURFEE v. THE STATE

Court:Court of Appeals of Georgia

Date published: May 1, 1996

Citations

471 S.E.2d 32 (Ga. Ct. App. 1996)
471 S.E.2d 32

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