Summary
In County of Allegheny v. Gallo, 49 Pa. Commw. 506, 411 A.2d 877 (1980), the Commonwealth Court correctly interpreted section 108(n) as requiring "something more than a greater incidence of disease in a particular industry."
Summary of this case from Landis v. W.C.A.BOpinion
Argued December 3, 1979
February 29, 1980.
Workmen's compensation — Occupational disease — Burden of proof — The Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act, Act 1915, June 2, P.L. 736 — Substantially greater incidence of disease in particular occupation.
1. An employe seeking to recover benefits under The Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act, Act 1915, June 2, P.L. 736, for disability resulting from an occupational disease not specifically denominated in the statute, must prove not only that he was exposed to the disease by reason of his employment and that the disease was causally related to his industry or occupation, but also that the incidence of the disease in that industry or occupation is substantially greater than in the general population. [507-8]
2. Although provisions of The Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act, Act 1915, June 2, P.L. 736, are to be liberally construed to effect the remedial purposes of the legislation, such a principle cannot relieve a claimant of the burden of proving that an occupational disease from which he suffers and which is not specifically denominated in the statute has a substantially greater incidence in his industry or occupation than in the general public. [509]
Argued December 3, 1979, before Judges WILKINSON, JR., MENCER and ROGERS, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 1157 C.D. 1979, from the Order of the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board in case of John Gallo v. County of Allegheny, No. A-73979.
Petition with the Department of Labor and Industry for workmen's compensation benefits. Benefits awarded. Employer appealed to the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board. Award affirmed. Employer appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Reversed.
Paul T. Grater, with him, R. L. McMillan and Louis A. Raimond, for petitioner.
Amiel B. Caramanna, Jr., with him, Alexander J. Pentecost, for respondent.
The narrow issue presented by this workmen's compensation appeal is whether a doctor's testimony that the incidence of chronic obstructive lung disease and interstitial fibrosis is greater in the automotive body repair industry than in the general population satisfies the third requirement of Section 108(n) of The Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act (Act), Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, added by Section 1 of the Act of October 17, 1972, P.L. 930, 77 P. S. § 27.1(n). We hold that it does not and therefore reverse the order of the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board granting benefits to John Gallo (claimant).
To receive benefits for an occupational disease under the Act, "a claimant must show, inter alia, that he suffers from a disease as defined in Section 108 and that the disease arose out of and in the course of his employment." Fruehauf Corp. v. Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board, 31 Pa. Commw. 341, 344, 376 A.2d 277, 279 (1977). Moreover, where a claimant's condition is not one of those occupational diseases specifically enumerated in Section 108 of the Act, claimant must meet the requirements of subsection (n) which provides:
The term 'occupational disease,' as used in this act, shall mean only the following diseases.
. . . .
(n) All other diseases (1) to which the claimant is exposed by reason of his employment, and (2) which are causally related to the industry or occupation, and (3) the incidence of which is substantially greater in that industry or occupation than in the general population. (Emphasis added.)
See Fruehauf, supra.
There is no question that claimant has met his burden with regard to the first two requirements of Section 108(n). In an attempt to comply with the third, however, claimant presented the following testimony of Dr. A. Nathan Alpern, claimant's examining physician:
Q. Doctor, I would like you to compare two segments of the population. One is people who work in body shops and are exposed to plastic dust and enamel and the other is the general population as a whole. Is the incidence of chronic obstructive lung disease and interstitial fibrosis substantially greater in the people who work in body shops than in the general population? A. I can't give you the exact percentages, but it is greater. Q. It is greater you said? A. Yes. Q. Would you say substantially greater? A. Well, I can't give you the exact percentages, but it is greater. Especially in the individual who might be very sensitive to these. Q. Have you ever examined anybody in the past who developed lung problems from breathing these materials in? A. Oh, yes. Q. Did they work in — A. In fact, a lot of people it doesn't even have to take body shops. A lot of people who have a tendency to be allergic cannot even tolerate the ordinary paint that you would paint in an office or a house with. Because the air is heavier. It has these irritants in it and this sets up a reaction. Q. Doctor, I hate to be repetitious. You said that the incidence is greater? A. Yes. Q. Is it much greater or slightly greater? A. I don't have any percentages that I could give you to back that up, but it is greater. (Emphasis added.)
Although we do not expect a claimant's expert to utilize the exact words of Section 108(n) when testifying, in view of Dr. Alpern's repeated refusal to commit himself on whether the incidence of claimant's condition was substantially greater in the auto body repair industry than in the public at large and the clear mandate of Section 108(n) that something more than a greater incidence of disease in a particular industry is needed to support a finding of an occupational disease, we must hold that claimant failed to meet his burden on the third requirement. While we recognize that the Act is to be liberally construed to effect its remedial purpose, Millcraft Corp. v. Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board, 31 Pa. Commw. 322, 376 A.2d 283 (1977), to do so here would, in effect, judicially amend the Act by deleting the term "substantial" from Section 108(n).
Accordingly, we enter the following
ORDER
AND NOW, this 29th day of February, 1980, the order of the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board, dated May 10, 1979, is hereby reversed, and the claim petition of John Gallo is dismissed.
President Judge BOWMAN and Judge DiSALLE did not participate in the decision in this case.