Summary
In Arufo, this Court considered whether a supervisor's remarks to a claimant may constitute a necessitous and compelling reason for the claimant to separate from employment.
Summary of this case from Ind. Univ. of Pa. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of ReviewOpinion
Argued June 8, 1978
September 15, 1978.
Unemployment compensation — Voluntary termination — Cause of a necessitous and compelling nature — Unemployment Compensation Law, Act 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897 — Accusation of theft.
1. An employe voluntarily terminating employment without a cause of a necessitous and compelling nature is ineligible for benefits under the Unemployment Compensation Law, Act of 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897. [556]
2. An employe, holding a position of responsibility who leaves employment because she has been accused of theft by her superior although an audit has cleared her of the charges and whose character and integrity have suffered a serious personal affront making it impossible for her to overcome suspicions and to restore confidence in her work, acts reasonably in terminating employment and remains eligible for unemployment compensation benefits. [557-8]
Argued June 8, 1978, before Judges WILKINSON, JR., MERCER and ROGERS, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 501 C.D. 1977, from the Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review in case of In Re: Claim of Cecile Arufo, No. B-140333.
Application to the Bureau of Employment Security for unemployment compensation benefits. Application denied. Applicant appealed to the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review. Denial affirmed. Applicant appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Reversed and remanded.
Paulette E. Nachild, with her Richard P. Perna, for appellant.
Daniel Schuckers, Assistant Attorney General, with him Thomas Devilbiss, Assistant Attorney General, Sydney Reuben, Assistant Attorney General, and Robert P. Kane, Attorney General, for appellee.
This is an appeal by Cecile Arufo (claimant) from an order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) affirming a referee's denial of benefits on the basis that claimant voluntarily left her employment without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature under Section 402(b)(1) of the Unemployment Compensation Law (Act), Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P. S. § 802 (b)(1). We reverse.
Claimant was last employed as a bookkeeper/office manager by the Hand Rehabilitation Center in Philadelphia, where she had been employed for over four years. Claimant's work became suspect, and therefore an audit was conducted in June of 1976. The audit showed that nothing was wrong. In late September 1976, Dr. Hunter, the supervisor of the therapy department, implied that claimant was still responsible for $2,000 in allegedly missing funds. Claimant said the matter had been settled by the audit. Dr. Hunter responded as follows:
Well, it wasn't cleared up to my satisfaction I know how easy it is for a . . . bookkeeper to steal money, the easiest way is to hide money away so that you could just sit it out, as far as I'm concerned it has never been cleared up to my satisfaction or to Dr. Schneider's and as far as I'm concerned you are guilty until proved otherwise.
As a result of this accusation, claimant gave notice of her termination to Dr. Schneider the following day. She worked until October 29, 1976.
The issue raised on this appeal, based upon the undisputed facts above, is whether, under the circumstances, Dr. Hunter's remarks constituted a necessitous and compelling reason for claimant leaving her employment.
In Taylor v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 474 Pa. 351, 358-59, 378 A.2d 829, 832-33 (1977), the Supreme Court stated:
[I]t can be said that 'good cause' for voluntarily leaving one's employment (i.e. that cause which is necessitous and compelling) results from circumstances which produce pressure to terminate employment that is both real and substantial, and which would compel a reasonable person under the circumstances to act in the same manner.
In Taylor, the claimant had been subjected to continuing verbal abuse because of his race and thereby suffered humiliation and apprehension. This was found to be an intolerable working condition and justification for leaving.
Claimant's reasons for leaving must connote "adequate excuses that will bear the test of reason, just grounds for action, and always the element of good faith." Sturdevant Unemployment Compensation Case, 158 Pa. Super. 548, 556, 45 A.2d 898, 903 (1946).
In this case, claimant was entrusted with important duties and responsibilities relating to her employer's business affairs. In this position, she was accused of theft by one of her employer's principals. Such an accusation constituted a very real, substantial, and serious personal affront to claimant's character and integrity. This was especially so after an independent audit had cleared claimant of any wrongdoing. There was nothing more that claimant could do to overcome the suspicions and restore the confidence in her work. The forecast of continuing accusations and suspicions and absence of confidence and trust required in this type of business relationship created an untenable situation. Under these circumstances, claimant, acting as a reasonable person, was effectively compelled to leave. See Taylor, supra; Trinovitch Unemployment Compensation Case, 169 Pa. Super. 269, 82 A.2d 277 (1951) (a supervisor's reprimand, accompanied by unjust accusations, abusive conduct, and profane language, constituted a necessitous and compelling reason).
The Commonwealth's contention that claimant's continuing employment for a month after the incident negates the conclusion that her reason for leaving was compelling is without merit. Claimant left the office immediately after the incident, very upset, and gave notice of termination the next day. She remained only until a replacement could be found, and such conduct comports with that of a reasonable person.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 15th day of September, 1978, the order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, dated February 3, 1977, denying benefits to Cecile Arufo, is reversed, and the case is remanded for a computation of benefits.