Opinion
Civil Action No.: 4:12-cv-02571-RBH Criminal No.: 4:10-cr-00462-RBH-3
11-30-2012
Ronald Yates, Petitioner, v. United States of America, Respondent.
ORDER
Pending before the Court is Ronald Yates' ("Petitioner's") pro se Motion to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct Sentence ("Motion to Vacate") pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. For the following reasons, Petitioner's Motion to Vacate is dismissed.
Because the facts and legal arguments are adequately set forth in the existing record, an evidentiary hearing is not necessary. United States v. Burton, 26 Fed. App'x 351 (4th Cir. 2002); see also United States v. Yearwood, 863 F.2d 6, 7 (4th Cir. 1988) (recognizing that "[a] hearing is not required . . . on a § 2255 motion if the record of the case conclusively shows that petitioner is entitled to no relief).
Procedural History and Factual Background
On December 19, 2006, a federal grand jury returned a six-count indictment against Petitioner, charging him with various drug-related crimes. Petitioner entered a plea of not guilty at his arraignment on April 29, 2010. On November 15, 2010, Petitioner withdrew his plea of not guilty and entered a guilty plea pursuant to a plea agreement. At a sentencing hearing held on March 21, 2011, the Court sentenced Petitioner to 168 months imprisonment. This judgment was docketed on March 22, 2011, and Petitioner did not file an appeal.
On September 6, 2012, Petitioner filed the instant Motion to Vacate [Doc. # 382], which he brought into proper form by an amended filing on September 19, 2012 [Doc. #390]. In the Motion to Vacate, Petitioner alleges that he was improperly sentenced based on reasoning from the Supreme Court's holding in Carachuri-Rosendo v. Holder, 130 S.Ct. 2577 (2010), and the Fourth Circuit's holding in United States v. Simmons, 649 F.3d 237 (4th Cir. 2011). [Mot. to Vacate, Doc. # 382; Doc. # 390.] Petitioner also argues that he is eligible for a sentence reduction under the Fair Sentencing Act ("FSA"). [Id.]However, prior to filing the Motion to Vacate, Petitioner had already filed a motion for sentence reduction pursuant to the FSA. [See FSA Mot., Doc. # 369.] Because it plainly appears that the Motion to Vacate is untimely, this Court did not require a response from the Government and this matter is ripe for review.
Applicable Law
Prisoners in federal custody may attack the validity of their sentences pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. In order to move the court to vacate, set aside, or correct a sentence under § 2255, a petitioner must prove that one of the following occurred: (1) a sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States; (2) the court was without jurisdiction to impose such a sentence; (3) the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law; or (4) the sentence is otherwise subject to collateral attack. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(a).
The enactment of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act ("AEDPA") amended § 2255 by imposing a one-year statute of limitations period for the filing of any motion under this Section. Accordingly, the one-year period of limitation begins to run from the latest of the following four dates:
(1) the date on which the judgment of conviction becomes final;
(2) the date on which the impediment to making a motion created by governmental action in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States is removed, if the movant was prevented from making a motion by such governmental action;28 U.S.C. § 2255(f). For purposes of the one-year limitation period, if a defendant unsuccessfully appeals the judgment of conviction, but does not file a petition for a writ of certiorari on direct review, the "judgment of conviction becomes final when the time expires for filing a petition for certiorari contesting the appellate court's affirmation of the conviction." See Clay, 537 U.S. at 525; see also Sup. Ct. R. 13.1 ("a petition for a writ of certiorari to review a judgment in any case, civil or criminal, entered by . . . a United States court of appeals . . . is timely when it is filed with the Clerk of this Court within 90 days after entry of the judgment.").
(3) the date on which the right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if that right has been newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review; or
(4) the date on which the facts supporting the claim or claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence.
The Fourth Circuit has held that, under certain circumstances, the AEDPA statute of limitations is subject to equitable modifications such as tolling. United States v. Prescott, 221 F.3d 686, 687-88 (4th Cir. 2000). Other than his reference to Simmons, which is discussed herein, Petitioner does not argue that equitable tolling should apply to this case. This Court further notes that such tolling would be inappropriate under the situation at bar. See Rouse v. Lee, 339 F.3d 238, 246 (4th Cir. 2003) (holding that "rarely will circumstances warrant equitable tolling").
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In deciding a § 2255 motion, the Court may summarily dismiss the motion "[i]f it plainly appears from the motion, any attached exhibits, and the record of prior proceedings that the moving party is not entitled to relief." Rules Governing Section 2255 Proceedings 4(b); see 28 U.S.C. § 2255(b) (a hearing is not required on a § 2255 motion if the record of the case conclusively shows that petitioner is entitled to no relief).
Discussion
As this Court stated above, Petitioner's convictions and sentence were imposed by a judgment filed on March 22, 2011. Pursuant to Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, he had fourteen days from that date within which to file a notice of appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(1)(A)(I) (amended Dec. 1, 2009). However, Petitioner did not pursue a direct appeal. Because Petitioner did not seek appellate review, his judgment of conviction became final for the purpose of starting the one-year limitations period on April 5, 2011. See Fed. R. App. P. 26(a)(2). Petitioner then had one year, specifically until April 2012, in which to file his Motion to Vacate. See 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f)(1). However, Petitioner's Motion to Vacate was not filed until September 6, 2012, more than five months after the statute of limitations had run. As such, the Motion to Vacate is untimely on its face.
Because Petitioner does not argue that any impediment to his Motion to Vacate was removed within a year prior to its filing, or that facts supporting his claim were discovered within that time period, Petitioner's Motion to Vacate is untimely unless he can show the following: that on or after September 6, 2011, the right asserted by Petitioner was newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review. See 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f). Petitioner fails to make any such showing.
In his Motion to Vacate, Petitioner invokes Carachuri-Rosendo v. Holder, 130 S.Ct. 2577 (2010). [Mot. to Vacate, Doc. # 382; Doc. # 390.] However, Petitioner is time-barred unless his Motion to Vacate is filed within a year of a Supreme Court decision recognizing a new right and making that new right retroactive to cases on collateral review. See 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f)(3). Even if this Court were to hold that Carachuri-Rosendo created a right made retroactive to habeas cases, Carachuri-Rosendo was decided on June 14, 2010. Thus, any Motion to Vacate invoking a retroactive right supposedly created by Carachuri-Rosendo must have been filed by June 2011.
Petitioner also argues that he is entitled to relief based upon the Fourth Circuit's holding in Simmons. [Mot. to Vacate, Doc. # 382; Doc. # 390.] As has been previously discussed, Petitioner is time-barred unless he filed his Motion to Vacate within one year of the Supreme Court newly recognizing the asserted right and making that retroactive to cases on collateral review. First, Simmons is not a U.S. Supreme Court decision. See e.g., Blakney v. United States, No. 4:11-cv-70024-RBH, 2011 WL 1113468, at *2 (D.S.C. March 24, 2011) (stating "[m]ost notably, the [ ] case relied upon by Petitioner is not a decision of the United States Supreme Court, and therefore does not reset the clock on the § 2255 limitation period"). Second, Simmons was decided on August 17, 2011, more than a year before Petitioner filed his Motion to Vacate.
In his final remaining ground, Petitioner attempts to argue that he is entitled to a sentence reduction based upon amendments to the FSA. However, this is already the subject of a pending motion before the Court, and this Court has ordered the U.S. Probation Office to re-examine Petitioner's case pursuant to that motion and in light of the FSA. Therefore, whether or not Petitioner qualifies for a sentence reduction under the FSA is a matter that this Court will address pursuant to Petitioner's previously filed motion by way of a separate order. [See FSA Mot., Doc. # 369.] Thus, the FSA issue is denied, without prejudice, for purposes of Petitioner's Motion to Vacate, which is untimely on its face with regard to the Simmons claim.
Certificate of Appealability
A certificate of appealability will not issue absent "a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). When the district court denies relief on the merits, a prisoner satisfies this standard by demonstrating that reasonable jurists would find that the court's assessment of the constitutional claims is debatable or wrong. Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000); see Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336-38 (2003). When the district court denies relief on procedural grounds, the prisoner must demonstrate both that the dispositive procedural ruling is debatable, and that the petition states a debatable claim of the denial of a constitutional right. Slack, 529 U.S. at 484-85. In the instant matter, the Court concludes that Petitioner fails to make the requisite showing of "the denial of a constitutional right."
Conclusion
Having thoroughly reviewed the entire record and the applicable law, the Court finds that Petitioner's Motion to Vacate, as to the Simmons claim, is time-barred, without merit, and that no evidentiary hearing is needed.
Based on the foregoing, it is ORDERED that Petitioner's Motion to Vacate as to the Simmons claim is DISMISSED. However, his FSA claim, which is under review pursuant to Petitioner's separately filed Motion in the criminal case [see FSA Mot., Doc. # 369], is DISMISSED, without prejudice, for purposes of the Motion to Vacate. The Court will consider the FSA issue by separate order.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that a certificate of appealability is DENIED because the Petitioner has failed to make "a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2).
IT IS SO ORDERED.
_________________
R. Bryan Harwell
United States District Judge
Florence, South Carolina
November 30, 2012