Opinion
July 13, 1984
Appeal from the Erie County Family Court, Notaro, J.
Present — Hancock, Jr., J.P., Callahan, Doerr, O'Donnell and Moule, JJ.
Order unanimously reversed, without costs, and matter remitted to Erie County Family Court, for further proceedings, in accordance with the following memorandum: In this custody dispute, Michael Drees, the respondent natural father, appeals from an order of Family Court which awarded custody of his 8- and 11-year-old sons to the Wohlfahrts, petitioners, the sister and brother-in-law of the deceased natural mother, the former custodial parent. Immediately after Drees assumed custody of the boys upon the death of his ex-wife, the Wohlfahrts commenced this action alleging that Drees and his live-in girlfriend habitually used and sold an assortment of illegal drugs and, therefore, should not have custody. Finding that Drees sold and habitually abused drugs, Family Court held that he lacked sufficient mental stability to be a responsible parent. Consequently, it awarded custody of the boys to the Wohlfahrts, granting Drees liberal visitation on the condition that all visits be in a drug-free environment.
¶ Since the Court of Appeals decision in Matter of Bennett v. Jeffreys ( 40 N.Y.2d 543, 549), a two-step analysis is required in all child custody cases involving the State or a third party and a natural parent: first, the court must determine that "extraordinary circumstances" justify the State's intrusion into the family domain and, second, if extraordinary circumstances are found, the court must then determine custody based solely on the best interests of the children (see, also, Matter of Ricky Ralph M., 56 N.Y.2d 77; Matter of Boyles v Boyles, 95 A.D.2d 95; Matter of Landaverde, 95 A.D.2d 29; Matter of Tyrrell v. Tyrrell, 67 A.D.2d 247, affd 47 N.Y.2d 937).
¶ Here, while the evidence supports the court's conclusion that Drees' long-standing involvement with drugs seriously impairs his ability to function as a parent and, consequently, that "extraordinary circumstances" exist (cf. Matter of Sheila G., 61 N.Y.2d 368 [heroin use]; Matter of Del Rosso, 4 Misc.2d 849 [marihuana use]; Matter of Darlington, 135 Misc. 668 [morphine use], by focusing solely on this issue, the court erred in not considering the numerous other factors pertaining to the "best interest of the children" ( Eschbach v. Eschbach, 56 N.Y.2d 167; Matter of Bennett v. Jeffreys, supra; Matter of Boyles v. Boyles, supra; Matter of Tyrrell v. Tyrrell, supra). While we have considered doing so, because the record is incomplete, it is necessary to remit the matter for a hearing and subsequent custody award based on the best interests of the children. Upon remittance, the court should also consider the Law Guardian's recommendation ( Matter of Jonathan D., 62 A.D.2d 947, mot for lv to app den 45 N.Y.2d 706) and Drees' claim of rehabilitation ( Matter of Shiela G., supra).