Opinion
2021–00223 Index No. 502183/16
09-13-2023
William WILSON, appellant-respondent, v. BERGON CONSTRUCTION CORP., et al., respondents-appellants (and a third party action).
Dell & Dean, PLLC (Joseph G. Dell and Mischel & Horn, P.C., New York, NY [Scott T. Horn and Lauren E. Bryant ], of counsel), for appellant-respondent. Martyn, Martyn, Smith, Murray & Yong, Hauppauge, NY (Michael Argentieri, Laurie M. Lewis, and John McDonnell of counsel), for respondents-appellants.
Dell & Dean, PLLC (Joseph G. Dell and Mischel & Horn, P.C., New York, NY [Scott T. Horn and Lauren E. Bryant ], of counsel), for appellant-respondent.
Martyn, Martyn, Smith, Murray & Yong, Hauppauge, NY (Michael Argentieri, Laurie M. Lewis, and John McDonnell of counsel), for respondents-appellants.
BETSY BARROS, J.P., VALERIE BRATHWAITE NELSON, ROBERT J. MILLER, JOSEPH J. MALTESE, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, the plaintiff appeals, and the defendants cross-appeal, from an order of the Supreme Court, Suffolk County (Sanford Neil Berland, J.), dated December 27, 2020. The order, insofar as appealed from, denied that branch of the plaintiff's motion which was for summary judgment on the issue of liability on the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1) and granted those branches of the defendants’ cross-motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the causes of action alleging common-law negligence and a violation of Labor Law § 200. The order, insofar as cross-appealed from, denied that branch of the defendants’ cross-motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1).
ORDERED that the order is modified, on the law, by deleting the provision thereof denying that branch of the plaintiff's motion which was for summary judgment on the issue of liability on the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1), and substituting therefor a provision granting that branch of the motion; as so modified, the order is affirmed insofar as appealed and cross-appealed from, with costs to the plaintiff. The plaintiff allegedly sustained personal injuries when, while working on a scaffold at a renovation project, he attempted to avoid a fall after the plank on which he was standing shifted under his feet. At the time of the alleged accident, the defendant Burns–Pearson Realty Corp. owned the property, the defendants Burns Automotive Group, LLC, and Luxury Autos of Huntington, Inc., leased the property, and the defendant Bergon Construction Corp. was the general contractor. The plaintiff commenced this action against the defendants to recover damages for personal injuries, alleging, inter alia, common-law negligence and violations of Labor Law §§ 200 and 240(1). After discovery, the plaintiff moved, inter alia, for summary judgment on the issue of liability on the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1). The defendants cross-moved, among other things, for summary judgment dismissing the causes of action alleging common-law negligence and violations of Labor Law §§ 200 and 240(1). By order dated December 27, 2020, the Supreme Court, inter alia, denied that branch of the plaintiff's motion, granted those branches of the defendants’ cross-motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the causes of action alleging common-law negligence and a violation of Labor Law § 200, and denied that branch of the cross-motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1). The plaintiff appeals, and the defendants cross-appeal.
" Labor Law § 240(1) imposes upon owners and general contractors, and their agents, a nondelegable duty to provide safety devices necessary to protect workers from risks inherent in elevated work sites" ( Ennis v. Noble Constr. Group, LLC, 207 A.D.3d 703, 704, 172 N.Y.S.3d 98 [internal quotation marks omitted]). "[T]o prevail on a Labor Law § 240(1) cause of action, a plaintiff must establish that the statute was violated and that the violation was a proximate cause of his or her injuries" ( id. at 704, 172 N.Y.S.3d 98 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Blake v. Neighborhood Hous. Servs. of N.Y. City, Inc., 1 N.Y.3d 280, 287–289, 771 N.Y.S.2d 484, 803 N.E.2d 757 ). " Labor Law § 240(1) may apply where a plaintiff is injured as a result of his or her attempt to prevent a fall" from a ladder or scaffold ( Ennis v. Noble Constr. Group, LLC, 207 A.D.3d at 704, 172 N.Y.S.3d 98 ; see Lopez–Dones v. 601 W. Assoc., LLC, 98 A.D.3d 476, 479, 949 N.Y.S.2d 165 ; Lacey v. Turner Constr. Co., 275 A.D.2d 734, 735, 713 N.Y.S.2d 207 ), and the fact that a plaintiff does not actually fall is irrelevant (see Militello v. Landsman Dev. Corp., 133 A.D.3d 1378, 1379, 19 N.Y.S.3d 841 ; Abreo v. URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, 60 A.D.3d 878, 880, 875 N.Y.S.2d 577 ), "as long as the ‘harm directly flow[ed] from the application of the force of gravity to an object or person’ " ( Lacey v. Turner Constr. Co., 275 A.D.2d at 735, 713 N.Y.S.2d 207, quoting Ross v. Curtis–Palmer Hydro–Elec. Co., 81 N.Y.2d 494, 501, 601 N.Y.S.2d 49, 618 N.E.2d 82 ; see Vislocky v. City of New York, 62 A.D.3d 785, 786, 879 N.Y.S.2d 176 ).
Here, the plaintiff made a prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law on the issue of liability on so much of the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1) through the submission of the plaintiff's affidavit and a copy of the transcript of his deposition testimony "which demonstrated that the scaffold failed to afford him proper protection for the work being performed, and that this failure was a proximate cause of his injuries" ( Carrion v. City of New York, 111 A.D.3d 872, 873, 976 N.Y.S.2d 126 ; see Ennis v. Noble Constr. Group, LLC, 207 A.D.3d at 705, 172 N.Y.S.3d 98 ; Lopez–Dones v. 601 W. Assoc., LLC, 98 A.D.3d at 479, 949 N.Y.S.2d 165 ). In opposition, the defendants failed to raise a triable issue of fact. "They did not offer any evidence, other than mere speculation, to refute the plaintiff[’s] showing or to raise a bona fide issue as to how the accident occurred" ( Carrion v. City of New York, 111 A.D.3d at 873, 976 N.Y.S.2d 126 [internal quotation marks omitted]; cf. Woszczyna v. BJW Assoc., 31 A.D.3d 754, 755, 820 N.Y.S.2d 289 ). The defendants’ contention that the alleged injuries were only tangentially related to the effects of gravity and/or an elevation-related risk is without merit (see Castronovo v. Doe, 274 A.D.2d 442, 711 N.Y.S.2d 27 ; see also Ienco v. RFD Second Ave., LLC, 41 A.D.3d 537, 840 N.Y.S.2d 792 ). Accordingly, the Supreme Court should have granted that branch of the plaintiff's motion which was for summary judgment on the issue of liability on the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1).
On their cross-motion, the defendants failed to demonstrate, prima facie, that the alleged accident did not fall within the ambit of Labor Law § 240(1). Consequently, the Supreme Court did not err in denying that branch of the defendants’ cross-motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action alleging a violation of Labor Law § 240(1) (see Johnsen v. State of New York, 207 A.D.3d 530, 531, 169 N.Y.S.3d 807 ; Vislocky v. City of New York, 62 A.D.3d at 786, 879 N.Y.S.2d 176 ; Abreo v. URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, 60 A.D.3d at 880, 875 N.Y.S.2d 577 ).
" Labor Law § 200(1) is a codification of the common-law duty of an owner or general contractor to provide workers with a safe place to work" ( Ortega v. Puccia, 57 A.D.3d 54, 60, 866 N.Y.S.2d 323 ; see Gomez v. 670 Merrick Rd. Realty Corp., 189 A.D.3d 1187, 1191, 138 N.Y.S.3d 111 ). "Cases involving Labor Law § 200 fall into two broad categories: namely, those where workers are injured as a result of dangerous or defective premises conditions at a work site, and those involving the manner in which the work is performed" ( Ortega v. Puccia, 57 A.D.3d at 61, 866 N.Y.S.2d 323 ). Where "a claim arises out of alleged defects or dangers arising from a subcontractor's methods or materials, recovery against the owner or general contractor cannot be had unless it is shown that the party to be charged exercised some supervisory control over the operation" ( Ross v. Curtis–Palmer Hydro–Elec. Co., 81 N.Y.2d at 505, 601 N.Y.S.2d 49, 618 N.E.2d 82 ). "[M]ere general supervisory authority at a work site for the purpose of overseeing the progress of the work and inspecting the work product is insufficient to impose liability under Labor Law § 200" ( Ortega v. Puccia, 57 A.D.3d at 62, 866 N.Y.S.2d 323 ; see Gomez v. 670 Merrick Rd. Realty Corp., 189 A.D.3d at 1191, 138 N.Y.S.3d 111 ). "A defendant has the authority to supervise or control the work for purposes of Labor Law § 200 when that defendant bears the responsibility for the manner in which the work is performed" ( Ortega v. Puccia, 57 A.D.3d at 62, 866 N.Y.S.2d 323 ).
Here, the alleged accident related to the means and manner of the work, rather than a premises condition (see Gomez v. 670 Merrick Rd. Realty Corp., 189 A.D.3d at 1191, 138 N.Y.S.3d 111 ; Klimowicz v. Powell Cove Assoc., LLC, 111 A.D.3d 605, 606–607, 975 N.Y.S.2d 419 ). The record shows that the property owner and the lessees exercised no supervisory control over the plaintiff's work, and the plaintiff's own deposition testimony demonstrated that the general contractor "had, at most, general supervisory authority over the plaintiff's work, which is insufficient to form a basis for the imposition of liability" ( Poulin v. Ultimate Homes, Inc., 166 A.D.3d 667, 673, 87 N.Y.S.3d 189 ; see Enriquez v. B & D Dev., Inc., 63 A.D.3d 780, 781, 880 N.Y.S.2d 701 ). In opposition, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact. The plaintiff's contention that the general contractor acted as a "gatekeeper with respect to which equipment Plaintiff was able to use to complete the work" is raised for the first time on appeal and therefore unpreserved for appellate review (see Villada v. 452 Fifth Owners, LLC, 188 A.D.3d 1292, 132 N.Y.S.3d 864 ; Raynor v. 666 Fifth Ave. Ltd. Partnership, 232 A.D.2d 226, 647 N.Y.S.2d 779 ). Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly granted those branches of the defendants’ cross-motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the causes of action alleging common-law negligence and a violation of Labor Law § 200.
BARROS, J.P., BRATHWAITE NELSON, MILLER and MALTESE, JJ., concur.