Opinion
Case No.: 3:18-cv-00175-LRH-WGC
12-21-2020
EDITH M. WILLIAMS, Plaintiff v. ANDREW SAUL, Commissioner of Social Security, Defendant
Report & Recommendation of United States Magistrate Judge
Re: ECF No. 28
This Report and Recommendation is made to the Honorable Larry R. Hicks, United States District Judge. The action was referred to the undersigned Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and the Local Rules of Practice, LR 1B 1-4.
Before the court is a motion for attorney fees under 42 U.S.C. § 406(b) filed by Plaintiff's counsel. (ECF Nos. 28, 28-1 to 28-4.) Plaintiff did not file a response to the motion. The Commissioner of Social Security filed a response, but takes no position as to the reasonableness of the request. (ECF No. 30.) Plaintiff's counsel filed a reply brief. (ECF No. 31.)
After a thorough review, the court finds the fees requested to be reasonable and recommends that the motion be granted.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Edith Williams, represented by counsel, sought and was granted in forma pauperis status and filed her complaint requesting review of the final decision of the Commissioner. (ECF Nos. 1, 1-1.) Plaintiff filed a motion for remand, and the Commissioner filed a cross-motion to affirm. (ECF Nos. 13, 18, 20.) The undersigned issued a report and recommendation that Plaintiff's motion be granted; the Commissioner's cross-motion be denied; and, that the matter be remanded for the calculation and award of benefits. (ECF No. 21.) District Judge Hicks adopted and accepted the report and recommendation and remanded the case to the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) for the calculation of benefits and entered judgment in Plaintiff's favor. (ECF Nos. 22, 23.) The parties stipulated, and District Judge Hicks ordered an award of attorney's fees and expenses under the Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA) in the amount of $ 3,800. (ECF Nos. 24, 25.) On remand, the Commissioner awarded Plaintiff $65,010 in retroactive benefits. (See ECF No. 28 at 4.)
Plaintiff's representation was based on a contingency fee agreement. Plaintiff's counsel filed this motion requesting an award of attorney's fees in the amount of $16,252 under 42 U.S.C. § 406(b), with the $3,800 awarded under the EAJA to be reimbursed to Plaintiff for EAJA fees previously paid. (ECF No. 28.)
II. LEGAL STANDARD
The court may award fees when it "renders a judgment favorable to a claimant ... who was represented before the court by an attorney ... not in excess of 25 percent of the total of the past-due benefits to which the claimant is entitled by reason of such judgment[.]" 42 U.S.C. §406(b)(1).
"[A]n award under §406(b) compensates an attorney for all the attorney's work before a federal court on behalf of the Social Security claimant in connection with the action that resulted in past-due benefits." Parrish v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 698 F.3d 1215, 1220 (9th Cir. 2012). "The fee is payable 'out of, and not in addition to, the amount of [the] past-due benefits' awarded to the claimant." Gisbrecht v. Barnhart, 535 U.S. 789, 796 (2002) (citing §406(b)(1)). "§406(b) does not displace contingent-fee agreements as the primary means by which fees are set for successfully representing Social Security benefits claimants in court. Rather, §406(b) calls for court review of such arrangements as an independent check, to assure that they yield reasonable results in particular cases." Id. at 807.
In conducting the fee analysis, the court should begin with the contingent fee agreement and determine if it is within the 25 percent cap, and then test if for reasonableness. Gisbrecht, 535 U.S. at 808. In other words, "the district court must first look to the fee agreement and then adjust downward if the attorney provided substandard representation or delayed the case, or if the requested fee would result in a windfall." Crawford, 586 F.3d 1142, 1151 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Gisbrecht, 535 U.S. at 808).
Crawford has set forth factors that district courts should consider in determining the reasonableness of the fee, including: (1) the character of the representation (whether there was substandard performance or delay attributable to the attorney requesting the fees); (2) the results achieved; (3) whether the benefits of the representation were out of proportion with the time spent on the case; and, (4) the risk assumed by counsel in accepting the case. Crawford, 586 F.3d at 151-52. "'[A]s an aid to the court's assessment of the reasonableness of the fee yielded by the fee agreement,' but 'not as a basis for satellite litigation,' the court may require counsel to provide a record of the hours worked and counsel's regularly hourly billing charge for noncontingent cases." Id. at 1148 (quoting Gisbrecht, 535 U.S. at 808). The attorney bears the burden of establishing that the fee sought is reasonable. Id. at 1145, 1148 (citing Gisbrecht, 535 U.S. at 807) (approving requests for fees with an effective hourly rate of $659, $813 and $875); Hearn v. Barnhart, 262 F.Supp.2d 1033, 1037 (N.D. Cal. 2003) (noting that "[s]ince Gisbrecht ... district courts generally have been deferential to the terms of contingency fee contracts in § 406(b) cases, accepting that the resulting de facto hourly rates may exceeds those for non-contingency- fee arrangements" because "courts recognize that basing a reasonableness determination on a simple hourly rate is inappropriate when an attorney is working pursuant to a reasonable contingency contract for which there runs a substantial risk of loss.").
Finally, when fees are awarded under the EAJA, and fees are also awarded under section 406(b)(1) in the same case, the court must offset the EAJA award against the section 406(b) award. Gisbrecht,535 U.S. at 796; Parrish, 698 F.3d at 1221.
III. DISCUSSION
Here, the contingency agreement was for a fee of 25 percent of past due benefits awarded if Plaintiff was successful, and is therefore within the 25 percent statutory cap. (ECF No. 28-1.) Counsel seeks an award of exactly 25 percent of the past due benefits payable to Plaintiff.
Next, the court will address the Crawford factors. First, there is no issue with the character of the representation, i.e., nothing in the record suggests counsel's performance was substandard. There is no delay or dilatory conduct attributable to Plaintiff's counsel. Second, Plaintiff's counsel achieved a successful result—a remand for the calculation and award of past due benefits. (ECF No. 28-2.) Third, the benefits of representation are not out of proportion with the time spent on the case. 21.4 hours of attorney and paralegal time were spent on this case. The fee of $16,252 for 21.4 hours of work translates to an hourly rate of $759.46 ($16,252 ÷ 21.4), or an hourly rate of $581.87 after the EAJA fees are offset ($16,252 - $3800=$12,452 ÷ 21.4). The Commissioner points out that 3.5 of the hours were for paralegal time, which would make the total attorney hours spent on this case 17.9. In that case, the hourly rate counsel seeks is $907.93 ($16,252 ÷ 17.9), or $695 per hour when the $3800 in EAJA fees are deducted.
In either case (attorney hourly rate alone or combined rate for attorney and paralegal time), courts within this circuit have awarded fees under section 406(b) for similar and higher rates. See e.g. Crawford, 586 F.3d at 1153 (approving effective hourly rates of $519, $875, and $902); Rolleri v. Berryhill, 3:16-cv-00014-HDM-WGC, ECF Nos. 28, 29 (approving hourly rate of $923.91, and $788.04 with EAJA offset); McCullough v. Berryhill, Case No. 16-cv-00625-BLF, 2018 WL 6002324 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 15, 2018) (approving effectively hourly rate of $874.72); Harrell v. Berryhill, Case No. 16-cv-02428-TSH, 2018 WL 4646735, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 24, 2018) (finding de facto hourly rate of $1,213 reasonable under Gisbrecht); Lopez v. Colvin, Case No. 6:14-cv-1910-SI, 2017 WL 168060, at * 2 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 17, 2017) (approving effective hourly rate of $1,131); Palos v. Colvin, No. CV 15-04261-DTB, 2016 WL 5110243, at * 2 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 20, 2016) (approving effective hourly rate of $1,546.39). Counsel has submitted a detailed billing statement in support of the requested fee that the court has reviewed and finds the work performed to be reasonable. Finally, counsel, as in most all Social Security cases, assumed a risk of going uncompensated in accepting the case and that the time before past due benefits were awarded, if any, could be quite lengthy within both the courts and the administration.
While the hourly rate is relatively high, the amount of fees sought is within the 25 percent statutory cap, the plaintiff filed no objection to the request and counsel achieved an excellent result for his client.
Applying Gisbrecht and Crawford, the court concludes that the fees requested are reasonable and should be awarded under section 406(b) in the amount of $16,252 with an order that Plaintiff should be reimbursed by counsel in the amount of $3800 for the fees already awarded under the EAJA.
IV. RECOMMENDATION
IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that the District Judge enter an order GRANTING the motion for attorney's fees under §406(b), and awarding Plaintiff's counsel $16,252 in fees with an order that Plaintiff's counsel refund to Plaintiff the $3800 for the fees awarded under the EAJA.
The parties should be aware of the following:
1. That they may file, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C), specific written objections to this Report and Recommendation within fourteen days of being served with a copy of the Report and Recommendation. These objections should be titled "Objections to Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation" and should be accompanied by points and authorities for consideration by the district judge.
2. That this Report and Recommendation is not an appealable order and that any notice of appeal pursuant to Rule 4(a)(1) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure should not be filed until entry of judgment by the district court. Dated: December 21, 2020
/s/_________
William G. Cobb
United States Magistrate Judge