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rejecting argument that Blakely and Cunningham have undermined Apodaca and concluding that "Apodaca is directly appealable, and we must follow it"
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No. 09-35963.
Argued and Submitted October 5, 2010.
Filed November 9, 2010.
C. Renee Manes, Assistant Federal Public Defender, Federal Public Defender's Office, Portland, OR, for Petitioner-Appellant.
Erin C. Lagesen, Assistant Attorney General, Oregon Department of Justice, Salem, OR, for Respondent-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Oregon, Ann L. Aiken, District Judge, Presiding. DC No. 6:07-cv-1117 TC.
Before: TASHIMA, PAEZ, and CLIFTON, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as may be provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Stephen Eugene Wells, a former Oregon state prisoner now on post-conviction supervision, appeals from the district court's denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition for writ of habeas corpus. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 2253. We review de novo the district court's denial of the petition. Gonzalez v. Brown, 585 F.3d 1202 (9th Cir. 2009). We affirm the district court's determination on Wells' Sixth Amendment claim, but reverse in part and remand to the district court to review Wells' first and fourth claims on the merits.
Wells claims that his conviction on two counts of sexual abuse in the first degree by a less-than-unanimous jury violated his Sixth Amendment right to trial by jury. He contends that the Supreme Court's recent decisions in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S.Ct. 2531, 159 L.Ed.2d 403 (2004), and Cunningham v. California, 549 U.S. 270, 127 S.Ct. 856, 166 L.Ed.2d 856 (2007) have undermined Apodaca v. Oregon, 406 U.S. 404, 92 S.Ct. 1628, 32 L.Ed.2d 184 (1972), which upheld Oregon's system of allowing convictions by non-unanimous juries.
This court, however, is not permitted to conclude that longstanding Supreme Court precedent has been overruled by implication. Rodriguez de Quijas v. Shearson/American Eocpress, Inc., 490 U.S. 477, 484, 109 S.Ct. 1917, 104 L.Ed.2d 526 (1989) ("If a precedent of this Court has direct application in a case, yet appears to rest on reasons rejected in some other line of decisions, the Court of Appeals should follow the case which directly controls, leaving to this Court the prerogative of over-ruling its own decisions."); Agostini v. Felton, 521 U.S. 203, 237-38, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997) ("[W]e do not hold[] that other courts should conclude our more recent cases have, by implication, overruled an earlier precedent."). Apodaca is directly applicable, and we must follow it. Because Wells' Sixth Amendment claim fails on the merits, we affirm the denial of habeas relief on this ground without first determining whether this claim is barred on state procedural grounds or for failure to exhaust. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(2); Lambrix v. Singletary, 520 U.S. 518, 525, 117 S.Ct. 1517, 137 L.Ed.2d 771 (1997).
The district court rejected as procedurally defaulted Wells' claims of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel and deprivation of due process and fundamental fairness. Wells was unable to raise these claims when the state trial court determined that Wells had failed to comply with its order requiring Wells to "immediately" file an amended petition for post-conviction relief. This ruling was later upheld in a published decision of the Oregon Court of Appeals. Wells v. Santos, 211 Or.App. 413, 155 P.3d 887 (2007). As a result, these claims for post-conviction relief, were never considered on their merits.
The procedure by which the post-conviction trial court first granted Wells leave to file an amended petition "immediately" and then revoked that leave after deeming the filing not sufficiently "immediate" was, to say the least, unusual, especially in light of the fact that Wells had just retained new counsel. As Wells notes, post-conviction petitioners in Oregon are regularly granted leave to file second and even third amended petitions. Reading the applicable Oregon law, the procedural rule, and cases interpreting that rule would give Wells no indication of how "immediate" his filing needed to be, nor any reason to know that the trial court's leave could be revoked on the ground of failure to file "immediately." See Or.Rev. Stat. § 138.610; Or. R. Civ. P. 23A. This singular procedure was neither firmly established nor regularly followed at the time it was applied to Wells; therefore, it is not "adequate" to bar the consideration of Wells' claims. Ford v. Georgia, 498 U.S. 411, 423-24, 111 S.Ct. 850, 112 L.Ed.2d 935 (1991). We reverse and remand the matter to the district court to consider Wells' claims of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel and deprivation of due process and fundamental fairness on their merits.
Each party shall bear his own costs.