Opinion
A90A1605, A90A1606, A90A1607, A90A1680, A90A1681.
DECIDED FEBRUARY 28, 1991. REHEARING DENIED MARCH 14, 1991.
Attorney fees, etc. Wilkinson Superior Court. Before Judge Thompson.
Franklin R. Nix, for Watkins and Nix.
Dickens Associates, G. L. Dickens, Jr., for M M Clays.
Roosevelt Warren, W. Allen Evans, for Burney.
Edwin S. Varner, for Cowart.
These five related cases had their genesis in the 1987 filing of a Wilkinson County complaint by Pearl Burney (appellee in A90A1680) alleging that M M Clays, Inc. (appellant in A90A1680; appellee in the other four cases) had trespassed upon her property for the purpose of mining kaolin from 1963 until 1971, without her permission or knowledge and without remuneration to her.
M M answered, contending that Burney's complaint was barred by the applicable statute of limitation and asserting a counterclaim for abusive litigation under Yost v. Torok, 256 Ga. 92 ( 344 S.E.2d 414) (1986). Two days later, M M filed a "Third Party Complaint" naming Watkins, a Houston County resident (appellant in A90A1605 and appellee in A90A1680) and Burney as defendants and alleging a conspiracy to commit abusive litigation.
In 1987, the trial court denied M M's motion for summary judgment on Burney's claim relying on the "discovery rule" set out in Lumberman's Mut. c. Co. v. Patillo constr. Co., 254 Ga. 461 ( 330 S.E.2d 344) (1985). In 1988, that case was overruled by Corporation of Mercer Univ. v. Nat. Gypsum Co., 258 Ga. 365 ( 368 S.E.2d 732) (1988). The trial court then vacated its previous order and awarded summary judgment to M M based on the statute of limitation defense.
M M's Yost claim was then tried before a jury which returned a verdict in favor of Burney but against Watkins in the amount of $1 in nominal damages, $25,000 in special damages, and $75,000 in punitive damages. M M then filed a motion pursuant to OCGA § 9-15-14 for attorney fees and expenses of litigation against Watkins and "one or more or all of the attorneys of record therein for [Burney] or [Watkins]." Included were attorneys Nix (appellant in A90A1606 and A90A1607), Watkins, Cowart (appellant in A90A1681), Warren and Evans. The trial court granted the motion against only Watkins, Nix and Cowart.
No transcript was filed and the record does not affirmatively reveal that Watkins is an attorney. Assuming that he was, there is no indication that he ever appeared in the proceedings representing Burney.
The three have appealed this order, consolidating these appeals with the main appeal by Watkins from the Yost verdict, as authorized by Haggard v. Bd. of Regents, 257 Ga. 524 ( 360 S.E.2d 566) (1987). M M has filed a cross-appeal from the trial court's refusal to rule on its motion for new trial on the general grounds after the notices of appeal were filed.
The brief of M M contains numerous factual representations as to what occurred at the trial. No transcript was filed by any of the parties to the appeal. M M did not exercise its rights under OCGA § 5-6-42 to pay for and provide the transcript for purposes of the appeal. This court will not consider unsupported factual assertions made in briefs. Howell Mill/Collier Assoc. v. Pennypacker's, 194 Ga. App. 169, 171 (2) ( 390 S.E.2d 257) (1990).
Case No. A90A1605
1. We consider first Watkins' appeal from the Yost verdict. The judgment must be reversed on at least two bases.
Watkins' OCGA § 9-15-14 fees and expenses will be addressed with those of the other attorneys.
(a) First, in response to the "third party claim," Watkins filed defenses based on lack of personal jurisdiction and improper venue.
Art. VI, Sec. II, Par. IV of the 1983 Georgia Constitution provides that "[s]uits against ... joint tort-feasors ... residing in different counties may be tried in either county." The only basis upon which the Wilkinson County court could have acquired jurisdiction over Watkins was by his joinder with Burney as a joint tort-feasor.
"The only time the defense of lack of jurisdiction over the person of the nonresident [defendant] because of ... nonresidency would be valid ... is in the event of a judgment in favor of the resident joint defendant.... [Cit.]" Lansky v. Goldstein, 136 Ga. App. 607, 608 (2) ( 222 S.E.2d 62) (1975). Crawford v. Randle, 191 Ga. App. 112, 114 (1) ( 381 S.E.2d 77) (1989). Once the verdict was returned in favor of Burney, Wilkinson County's jurisdiction over Watkins ceased. Smith v. United Ins. Co., 169 Ga. App. 751, 753 (2) ( 315 S.E.2d 265) (1984).
The remaining option, the Uniform Transfer Rules, 251 Ga. 893 et seq., was not exercised. Crawford, supra at 116 (2). Therefore, the Yost judgment was void as to Watkins for lack of personal jurisdiction.
(b) Secondly, in defining the new tort, Yost made it available only against "parties" to the underlying litigation. Yost, supra at 96 (13); see Vogtle v. Coleman, 259 Ga. 115, 119 (3) ( 376 S.E.2d 861) (1989).
After April 3, 1989, under OCGA § 51-7-80 et seq., the statutory abusive litigation claim, claims are not limited to "parties," but may be made against any person who actively initiates, continues, or procures abusive proceedings.
The Civil Practice Act provides only for the following pleadings: complaint, answer, counterclaim, third-party complaint and third-party answer. OCGA § 9-11-7. Third-party practice allows a defendant or a plaintiff/defendant in counterclaim to bring in as a party one "who is or may be liable to him for all or part of the ... claim against him." OCGA § 9-11-14.
Here, Watkins was not a defendant or plaintiff and there is no indication in the third-party complaint as to any basis for believing Watkins could in any way be responsible to M M for damages it might owe Burney. Third-party practice may not be used by a defendant such as M M to impose direct liability upon the third-party defendant instead of secondary liability as required by the statute. McCormick v. Rissanen, 177 Ga. App. 623 ( 340 S.E.2d 268) (1986).
Therefore, there was no Yost claim available to M M against Watkins.
Case No. A90A1606
2. In this appeal, Nix, former attorney of record for Burney and Watkins' attorney during the Yost claim trial, seeks to appeal the judgment entered in the Yost trial. That judgment, however, does not name Nix as a party. Nix, not being aggrieved by that judgment, has no right to except thereto. Cooper Motor Lines v. B. C. Truck Lines, 215 Ga. 195 (1) ( 109 S.E.2d 689) (1959). Therefore, this appeal is dismissed.
Case Nos. A90A1605, A90A1607 A90A1681
3. These three appeals by Watkins, Cowart and Nix are from the order imposing OCGA § 9-15-14 attorney fees and expenses upon them.
(a) As to Watkins, since he was not a party to the underlying claim nor was he an attorney for a party, the court had no authority under that section to impose these fees and expenses on him. Therefore, the order imposing these upon him is reversed.
(b) Burney's complaint was filed on January 26, 1987, and the only attorney's name on it was Warren's. After the Yost counterclaim was filed in February, Nix appeared as counsel on Burney's Answer to the Counterclaim. Nix withdrew from the case on March 8, 1988, after which Evans took on her representation. With the exception of his withdrawal from the case on June 10, 1987, Cowart's name does not appear in the record.
The premise of M M's § 9-15-14 motion and the order granting it was that the claim asserted on behalf of Burney lacked substantial justification and was one with respect to which there existed such a complete absence of law and fact that it could not be reasonably believed a court would accept it. It was not based upon Nix's representation of Watkins on the Yost claim.
The jury in the Yost trial, by returning a verdict for Burney, later reduced to judgment, rejected this contention with regard to her underlying claim. This determination thereafter bound the parties and their privies. OCGA §§ 9-12-40; 9-12-42; Roberts v. Porter, Davis c., 193 Ga. App. 898, 900 (1) ( 389 S.E.2d 361) (1989).
Also, the court's denial of M M's summary judgment motion premised on the statute of limitation defense precludes the conclusion that the position taken by Burney under the discovery rule lacked merit. Colquitt v. Network Rental, 195 Ga. App. 244, 246 (2 b) ( 393 S.E.2d 28) (1990); Bouchard v. Fowler, 193 Ga. App. 697, 698 ( 388 S.E.2d 874) (1989); Biosphere Indus. v. Oxford Chemicals, 190 Ga. App. 613, 614 ( 379 S.E.2d 555) (1989).
Therefore, the imposition of attorney fees and costs upon Nix and Cowart was improper and that order is vacated. Coker v. Mosley, 259 Ga. 781. 782 (2 c) ( 387 S.E.2d 135) (1990).
Case No. A90A1680
4. Finally, M M appeals the trial court's denial of its motion for new trial on the general grounds. The denial was based on the court's erroneous conclusion that it could not consider the motion because it was filed after the notices of appeal. Housing Auth. of Atlanta v. Geter, 252 Ga. 196, 197 ( 312 S.E.2d 309) (1984). This case is remanded for hearing on that motion.
Appeal dismissed in Case No. A90A1606; judgments reversed in Case Nos. A90A1605, A90A1607, and A90A1681; judgment reversed and case remanded in Case No. A90A1680. Pope and Beasley, JJ., concur.