Opinion
January 13, 1983.
Unemployment compensation — Burden of proof — Availability of Work — Scope of appellate review.
1. In an unemployment compensation case the burden of proving availability for work is on the claimant, and the question of availability is one of fact for the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review. [185]
2. In an unemployment compensation case when the party with the burden of proof has not prevailed before the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, the scope of review of the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania is limited to determining if there was a capricious disregard of competent evidence and whether the Board's findings are consistent with each other and the conclusions of law. [185]
3. When an unemployment compensation claimant rejects employment without reasonable or substantial grounds for such refusal, it constitutes unavailability for work. [186]
Submitted on briefs September 15, 1982, before President Judge CRUMLISH, JR. and Judges BLATT and DOYLE, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 3109 C.D. 1980, from the Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review in the case of In Re: Claim of Reginald H. Warden, Jr., No. B-189889.
Application to the Office of Employment Security for unemployment compensation benefits. Application denied. Applicant appealed to the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review. Appeal denied. Fault overpayment assessed. Applicant appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Affirmed.
Marian B. Cocose, for petitioner.
Charles G. Hasson, Associate Counsel, with him Richard L. Cole, Jr., Chief Counsel, for respondent.
Reginald Warden was denied unemployment compensation benefits and assessed a fault overpayment by the Board. He appeals; we affirm.
Warden, a Yellow Freight driver, was put on layoff status in January 1980. Under the terms of the collective bargaining agreement, he had two recall options. One was the intermittent list, which would have resulted in his being called in the order of seniority for any available work. In the other, he would be called only if the employer could guarantee a full week's work. He exercised the latter option.
At the outset, we note that eligibility for unemployment compensation is determined by the circumstances surrounding a claimant's separation, not by his collective bargaining agreement. United States Steel Corp. v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 52 Pa. Commw. 631, 636-37, 417 A.2d 266, 269 (1980).
The referee concluded, and the Board affirmed, that Warden was unavailable for work and denied benefits under Section 401(d) of the Unemployment Compensation Law. The Board further concluded that Warden, having given separation due to lack of work as his basis for compensation and not having notified the authorities of this possible posture on the employer's intermittent list, should be assessed a fault overpayment under Section 804(a) of the Law.
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P. S. § 801(d).
43 P. S. § 874(a).
Warden now asserts that this minimal restriction on his work availability should not preclude him from receiving benefits. He further asserts that the employer's requirement that the twenty-four hours a day on-call requirement of the intermittent list was too restrictive.
It is axiomatic that the burden of proving availability for work is on the claimant and that the question of availability is one of fact for the Board. Roman v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 51 Pa. Commw. 44, 413 A.2d 775 (1980). When the party with the burden of proof has not prevailed below, our scope of review is limited to determining if there was a capricious disregard of competent evidence and whether the Board's findings are consistent with each other and its conclusions of law. Id.
Before the referee, Warden testified that he was aware that he would be unable to change his option once elected because this had been the policy in the previous year. He further testified that he had always been on call twenty-four hours a day and that he had had a second phone installed to receive calls from Yellow Freight. We can see no reason why Warden should now be able to argue that this procedure was too onerus, thus limiting substantially his availability for work, and then collect benefits. The purpose of the Law is to compensate those who are unemployed through no fault of their own. When a claimant rejects employment without reasonable or substantial grounds for such refusal, this constitutes unavailability for work. Roman at 49, 413 A.2d at 777. Additionally, this Court must look at the factual matrix at the time of separation. United States Steel Corp. v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 52 Pa. Commw. 631, 417 A.2d 266 (1980). Here, Warden rejected the opportunity to work anytime there was work available finding it too inconvenient to wait for a call or call in to find out if there was work.
The employer entered into evidence, without objection, an audit report which showed the work that would have been available for claimant and the potential earnings had Warden notified the employer of his availability for intermittent work. The potential earnings ranged from a high of $596.89 for one week to a low of $85.44.
Warden testified that, if an employee wished to go out rather than wait by his phone, it was customary for him to call in and ask if he would be needed that day.
The Board also assessed a fault overpayment in the amount of $1,709.00 because Warden had indicated that his unemployment was due to a separation because of lack of work. He failed to indicate that he could have been on call had he accepted that option. Under Section 804(a) of the Law,
[t]he word "fault" . . . connotes an act to which blame, censure, impropriety, shortcoming, or culpability attaches. . . . Conduct designed improperly and intentionally to mislead the Bureau is sufficient to establish a fault overpayment as a matter of law. (Citations omitted.)
Summers v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 60 Pa. Commw. 146, 149, 430 A.2d 1046, 1048 (1981). We thus affirm the assessment of a fault overpayment.
Affirmed.
ORDER
The order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, No. B-189889, is hereby affirmed.