Summary
In Walden v. Hughes, 799 P.2d 619 (Okla. 1990) we observed that "We have consistently held that in actions to quiet title and for injunctive relief the prevailing party is not entitled to attorney fees."
Summary of this case from Voiles v. Santa Fe Minerals, Inc.Opinion
No. 70832.
October 9, 1990.
Certiorari to the Court of Appeals, Division No. 4.
Action to quiet title and for injunctive relief. Court of Appeals awarded prevailing party attorney fees. Award of attorney fees in quiet title and injunctive action is improper.
CERTIORARI PREVIOUSLY GRANTED; COURT OF APPEALS AWARD OF ATTORNEY FEES VACATED; COURT OF APPEALS OPINION WITHDRAWN FROM PUBLICATION.
Wilcoxen and Wilcoxen by Andrew C. Wilcoxen, Muskogee, for appellants.
Jones Miller by Gerald R. Miller, Muskogee, for appellees Larry Page and Sherrill Page.
This action was brought to quiet title to an easement and to enjoin the defendants from interfering with the plaintiff's use and enjoyment of the easement. The trial court found in favor of the defendants. The Court of Appeals vacated the trial court's judgment, granted the requested easement, and awarded the plaintiffs costs and attorney fees against the defendants Danny and Melissa Hughes and Larry and Sherrill Page. It was not until after the Court of Appeals filed its opinion that the Pages responded in any way to the Petition or any other papers filed in this case. The Pages then petitioned the Court of Appeals to rehear the case. When rehearing was denied, the Pages filed a Petition for Certiorari covering only the award of attorney fees.
Oklahoma follows the general rule that attorney fees are generally not recoverable unless so provided by statute or enforceable contract. See Todoroff v. Burton, 719 P.2d 456, 457 (Okla. 1986). The present action is one to quiet title and for injunctive relief. There is no contract; likewise there is no statute which provides for the award of attorney fees in a case such as this.
This court, creating an exception to the general rule, has held that a court has the equitable power to award attorney fees in cases where "an opponent has acted in bad faith, vexatiously, wantonly or for oppressive reason." In re Estate of Katschor, 637 P.2d 855, 856 (Okla. 1982). The defendants in the present case were not acting in bad faith, vexatiously, or oppressively. The Court of Appeals had no authority to award attorney fees under its equitable power.
A related doctrine is the "equitable fund doctrine," also known as the "trust fund doctrine." State ex rel. Burk v. City of Oklahoma City, 598 P.2d 659, 660 (Okla. 1979). "This doctrine declares that when an individual, through his efforts succeeds in creating or preserving a fund, then such individual is entitled to invoke the equitable powers of the Court and have his fees paid from the fund." Id. The "equitable fund doctrine" is not applicable in the present case because no fund is involved.
We have consistently held that in actions to quiet title and for injunctive relief the prevailing party is not entitled to attorney fees. In Todoroff v. Burton, 719 P.2d at 456, the plaintiff brought a quiet title action and asked for injunctive relief. The defendant filed a cross-petition. The trial court quieted title in the defendant and awarded the defendant attorney fees. This Court held that the trial court had no authority to award attorney fees to the defendant as prevailing party.
The present case does not fall within any of the exceptions, and attorneys fees are not recoverable. The Court of Appeals was without authority in the present case to award attorney fees to the plaintiff. The Court of Appeals award of attorney fees against the Pages is hereby vacated.
CERTIORARI PREVIOUSLY GRANTED; COURT OF APPEALS AWARD OF ATTORNEY FEES VACATED; COURT OF APPEALS' OPINION WITHDRAWN FROM PUBLICATION.
All the Justices concur.