Opinion
3:23-cv-06661-RMG-MGB
09-18-2024
Glynndeavin Von Fox, v. Former Judge Markley Dennis; Duke University; USPS; UK NHS Worker Ams, Grace, Aggie, Georgina; Charleston County Public Library; USAF Regarding Four Star General Retired with S.C. Governor's Office; USAF Retiree Loyd Newton as S.C. resident; Town of Kiawah; The Rolling Stones; Helen Mirren; Ozzy Osbourne; Ed Sheeran; Adele; Paul Bethan Romeo Beckham; Mick Fleetwood; Emily Blunt; The State of Massachusetts; The State of Tennessee Tag#BCT8134; The State of Nevada Tag#131K33; The State of South Carolina Tag#WEN30 & WPA430; and HOA of The Reserve, Defendants.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
MARY GORDON BAKER, UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
Plaintiff Glynndeavin Von Fox, proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, brings this civil action seeking relief pursuant to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the United States Constitution, and the United Nations Charter. (Dkt. No. 1 at 4.) Under Local Civil Rule 73.02(B)(2) (D.S.C.), the undersigned is authorized to review this case and submit findings and recommendations to the assigned United States District Judge. For the reasons discussed below, the undersigned recommends that this action be summarily dismissed.
BACKGROUND
The instant action is one of eleven lawsuits brought by Plaintiff on December 8, 2023.Like Plaintiff's other pleadings, the initial Complaint in this action is at times illegible and largely incoherent. The Complaint names numerous defendants-including a former judge, various states, a homeowner's association, the U.S. Air Force, and multiple celebrities and musicians-and references the “Civil Rights Act; U.S. Constitution; [and] UN Charter Treaty” as the bases for this action. (Dkt. No. 1 at 4.) The “Statement of Claim” reads as follows:
See Von Fox v. Sligman, No. 3:23-cv-6641-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. Lawender, No. 2:23-cv-6643-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. Kornahrens, No. 3:23-cv-6645-RMG (D.S.C. June 24, 2024); Von Fox v. Scott, No. 2:23-cv-6647-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. Lowndes, Esq., No. 2:23-cv-6649-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. Biden, No. 2:23-cv-6652-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. Ex-President Donald Trump, No. 2:23-cv-6654-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. State of Alaska, No. 2:23-cv-6656-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. United States Department of Veterans Affairs, No. 2:23-cv-6658-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.); Von Fox v. Hanahan Police Department, No. 2:23-cv-6665-RMG-MGB (D.S.C.).
All parties included in the Defendants section of [illegible], have violated the plaintiff's civil and human rights to reside within his ancestral living area as Native American federal and state recognized rights as a human being status within political asylee #5537788 (U.K.).(Id. at 6.) For relief, Plaintiff seeks “15 million USD.” (Id.)
The undersigned issued an order on July 3, 2024, notifying Plaintiff that his initial Complaint was subject to summary dismissal for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. (Dkt. No. 6.) More specifically, the order noted that the pleading was “so confused, ambiguous, vague [and] otherwise unintelligible,” that the Court could not “discern any causes of action” from Plaintiff's Complaint. (Id. at 2.) Under General Order, In Re: Procedures in Civil Actions Filed by Non-Prisoner Pro Se Litigants, No. 3:07-mc-5015-JFA (D.S.C. Sept. 18, 2007), the undersigned then gave Plaintiff twenty-one days to file an amended complaint that cured the identified pleading deficiencies. (Id.) The order warned Plaintiff that failure to comply with the undersigned's instructions within the time permitted would result in summary dismissal. (Id. at 3.)
Notwithstanding this warning, Plaintiff did not comply with or otherwise respond to the undersigned's instructions. In an abundance of caution, however, the undersigned issued a second order on August 7, 2024, providing Plaintiff one final opportunity to file an amended complaint that cured the identified pleading deficiencies. (Dkt. No. 9.) The order once again warned Plaintiff that summary dismissal would result if he failed to file an adequate amended pleading. (Id. at 1-2.) Unfortunately, Plaintiff still has not complied with these instructions and the time to do so has lapsed.
LEGAL STANDARD
The Complaint has been filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915, which permits an indigent litigant to commence an action in federal court without prepaying the administrative costs of proceeding with the lawsuit. To protect against possible abuses, the court must dismiss any complaints, or portions of complaints, that are frivolous or malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).
A complaint is frivolous if it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 31 (1992). Thus, a claim based on a “meritless legal theory” or “baseless” factual contentions, such as “fantastic or delusional” scenarios, may be dismissed sua sponte at any time under § 1915(e)(2)(B). Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 324-25, 327-28 (1989). The United States Supreme Court has explained that the statute “is designed largely to discourage the filing of, and waste of judicial and private resources upon, baseless lawsuits.” Id. at 326.
As to failure to state a claim, a complaint filed in federal court must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief” as required under Rule 8(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. To satisfy this standard, a plaintiff must do more than make conclusory statements. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (explaining that the court need not accept as true a complaint's legal conclusions). Rather, the complaint “must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'” See id. (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). This plausibility determination is “a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.” id. at 679. When “it is clear that no relief could be granted under any set of facts that could be proved consistent with the allegations,” Hishon v. King & Spalding, 467 U.S. 69, 73 (1984), the complaint fails to state a claim.
Pro se complaints are held to a less stringent standard than those drafted by attorneys. Gordon v. Leeke, 574 F.2d 1147, 1151 (4th Cir. 1978). A federal court is therefore charged with liberally construing a complaint filed by a Pro se litigant to allow the development of a potentially meritorious case. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007). Nonetheless, the requirement of liberal construction does not mean that the court can ignore a clear failure to allege facts that set forth a cognizable claim under Rule 8(a)(2). See Weller v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 901 F.2d 387, 390-91 (4th Cir. 1990); see also Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 684 (outlining pleading requirements under Rule 8, Fed. R. Civ. P., for “all civil actions”). The Fourth Circuit has explained that “though Pro se litigants cannot, of course, be expected to frame legal issues with the clarity and precision ideally evident in the work of those trained in law, neither can district courts be required to conjure up and decide issues never fairly presented to them.” Beaudett v. City of Hampton, 775 F.2d 1274, 1276 (4th Cir. 1985).
DISCUSSION
Despite receiving several opportunities to comply with this Court's instructions, Plaintiff has failed to file an amended complaint that cures the deficiencies identified in his initial pleading. As a result, this action remains subject to summary dismissal for the reasons discussed below.
As the undersigned previously explained to Plaintiff (Dkt. No. 6 at 2), summary dismissal is appropriate when a pleading is “so incomprehensible and filled with what could only be considered by a reasonable person as unconnected, conclusory, and unsupported comments or gibberish, that it is unclear what is to be made of them.” Witherspoon v. Berry, No. 9:13-cv-2942-MGL, 2015 WL 1790222, at *3 (D.S.C. Apr. 15, 2015); see also Bell v. Bank of Am., N.A., No. 1:13-cv-478-RDB, 2013 WL 6528966, at *1 (D. Md. Dec. 11, 2013) (“Although a Pro se plaintiff is general[ly] given more leeway than a party represented by counsel . . . a district court is not obligated to ferret through a [c]omplaint .... that is so confused, ambiguous, vague or otherwise unintelligible that its true substance, if any, is well disguised.”) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Such is the case here.
While Plaintiff references several legal authorities in his pleading-the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the United States Constitution, and the United Nations Charter (Dkt. No. 1 at 4)-the nonsensical nature of his allegations makes it virtually impossible to discern the true facts underlying these claims. Indeed, the Complaint seems to suggest that Plaintiff is entitled to some sort of “ancestral living area” without any intelligible context or explanation. (Dkt. No. 1 at 5.) These confused allegations plainly fail to demonstrate that Plaintiff suffered any sort of actionable constitutional and/or civil rights violation. See Windham v. Graham, No. 9:08-cv-1935-PMD-GCK, 2008 WL 3833789, at *6 (D.S.C. Aug. 14, 2008) (noting that “a complaint is insufficient where it simply expounds a collection of legal buzzwords but fails to make any factual allegations against the defendants”); Hagans v. Lavine, 415 U.S. 528, 536-37 (1974) (noting that federal courts lack the power to entertain claims that are “so attenuated and unsubstantial as to be absolutely devoid of merit”).
Because there is no indication that Plaintiff has a private right of action under the United Nations Charter, the Court does not entertain any such claims here. See Dickens v. Lewis, 750 F.2d 1251, 1254 (5th Cir. 1984) (noting that “individual plaintiffs do not have standing to raise any claims under the United Nations Charter and . . . other international obligations”); see also Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States § 907 cmt. a. (1987) (“International agreements . . . generally do not create private rights or provide for a private cause of action in domestic courts....”).
To that end, it is also worth noting that insofar as Plaintiff is attempting to bring a constitutional claim pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, he must allege: (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). Stated differently, “the party charged with the [conduct] must be a person who may fairly be said to be a state actor.” See Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co., 457 U.S. 922, 936 (1982); see also Filarsky v. Delia, 566 U.S. 377, 383 (2012) (“Anyone whose conduct is fairly attributable to the state can be sued as a state actor under § 1983.”) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Purely private conduct, “no matter how wrongful, injurious, fraudulent, or discriminatory,” simply does not provide a basis for action under § 1983. Lugar, 457 U.S. at 936. Consequently, many of the defendants, as private actors, are not amenable to suit under § 1983. Moreover, those states listed as defendants do not constitute “persons” for purposes of § 1983 and are likewise barred from suit. See Will v. Michigan Dep't of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 58 (1989) (“[A] State is not a person under § 1983.”)
CONCLUSION
For the reasons discussed above, the undersigned RECOMMENDS that this action be summarily dismissed without further leave to amend, as Plaintiff has already had an opportunity to do so. See Britt v. DeJoy, 45 F.4th 790, 798 (4th Cir. 2022); see also Workman v. Morrison Healthcare, 724 F. App'x. 280, 281 (4th Cir. June 4, 2018). In light of this recommendation, the Clerk of Court shall not forward this matter to the United States Marshal Service for service of process at this time.
IT IS SO RECOMMENDED.
The parties' attention is directed to an important notice on the following page.
Notice of Right to File Objections to Report and Recommendation
The parties are advised that they may file specific written objections to this Report and Recommendation with the District Judge. Objections must specifically identify the portions of the Report and Recommendation to which objections are made and the basis for such objections. “[I]n the absence of a timely filed objection, a district court need not conduct a de novo review, but instead must ‘only satisfy itself that there is no clear error on the face of the record in order to accept the recommendation.'” Diamond v. Colonial Life & Acc. Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 310 (4th Cir. 2005) (quoting Fed.R.Civ.P. 72 advisory committee's note).
Specific written objections must be filed within fourteen (14) days of the date of service of this Report and Recommendation. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b); see Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a), (d). Filing by mail pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5 may be accomplished by mailing objections to:
Robin L. Blume, Clerk
United States District Court
Post Office Box 835
Charleston, South Carolina 29402
Failure to timely file specific written objections to this Report and Recommendation will result in waiver of the right to appeal from a judgment of the District Court based upon such Recommendation. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140 (1985); Wright v. Collins, 766 F.2d 841 (4th Cir. 1985); United States v. Schronce, 727 F.2d 91 (4th Cir. 1984).