Summary
concluding that non-compete covenant was not unenforceable by reason of unilateral changes by employer to terms of employment
Summary of this case from Kelly Services, Inc. v. SavicOpinion
(15005)
Argued September 21, 1994
Decision released October 18, 1994
Action to recover damages for the defendant's breach of a covenant not to compete included in his employment contract with the plaintiff, and for other relief, brought to the Superior Court in the judicial district of New Haven, where the defendant filed a counterclaim, and tried to the court, Hodgson, J.; judgment in part for the plaintiff on the complaint and for the defendant on the counterclaim, from which the defendant appealed and the plaintiff cross appealed. Affirmed.
Gordon A. Evans, for the appellant-appellee (defendant).
F. Herbert Gruendel, for the appellee-appellant (plaintiff).
These appeals challenge the validity of a trial court judgment awarding damages for a former employee's breach of a one year covenant not to compete that was part of a written employment contract. The plaintiff, Van Dyck Printing Company, sued the defendant, Anthony DiNicola, to recover for profits lost because the defendant, after leaving his employment with the plaintiff, joined another company to solicit business in competition with the plaintiff in violation of an express covenant not to compete. The defendant disputed the enforceability of the covenant not to compete and filed a counterclaim to recover unpaid commissions due to him from his former employment by the plaintiff. The trial court rendered a judgment in favor of the plaintiff on its complaint in the amount of $59,151.29 and in favor of the defendant on its counterclaim in the amount of $4071.77.
The plaintiff's claim for injunctive relief had become moot by the time of trial.
The issues raised by the parties on appeal relate only to the trial court's judgment on the plaintiff's complaint. The defendant continues to contest the enforceability of the covenant not to compete. Both parties disagree in part with the trial court's assessment of damages. Although their appeals were properly filed in the Appellate Court, we transferred them to this court pursuant to Practice Book § 4023 and General Statutes § 51-199(c).
Our examination of the record on this appeal and the briefs and arguments of the parties persuades us that the judgment of the trial court should be affirmed. The parties do not dispute that the trial court applied the proper legal criteria in determining the enforceability of a covenant not to compete and in assessing the damages that flow from its breach. The application of these criteria to the factual circumstances of this case raises issues that are largely factual and that were properly resolved in the thoughtful and comprehensive memorandum of decision filed by the trial court. See Van Dyck Printing Co. v. DiNicola, 43 Conn. Sup. 191, 648 A.2d 898 (1993). Because that memorandum of decision fully states and meets the arguments raised in the present appeals, we adopt the trial court's well reasoned decision as a statement of the facts and the applicable law on these issues. It would serve no useful purpose for us to repeat the discussion therein contained. Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority v. Refuse Gardens, Inc., 229 Conn. 455, 458-59, 642 A.2d 697 (1994); Daw's Critical Care Registry, Inc. v. Dept. of Labor, 225 Conn. 99, 101-102, 622 A.2d 518 (1993); Loeb v. Al-Mor Corp., 224 Conn. 6, 7, 615 A.2d 149 (1992).