Summary
holding that prisoner's motion to vacate his conviction was not mooted when he was released from custody, where he faced potential deportation as a collateral consequence of conviction
Summary of this case from DeFoy v. McCulloughOpinion
No. 86-5887.
Submitted Under Third Circuit Rule 12(6) May 31, 1988.
Decided July 5, 1988.
Ronald Cohen, Montclair, N.J., for appellant.
Samuel A. Alito, Jr., U.S. Atty., Marion Percell, Asst. U.S. Atty., Samuel P. Moulthrop, Chief, Appeals Div., U.S. Attys. Office, Newark, N.J., for appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.
Before SEITZ, SLOVITER and HUTCHINSON, Circuit Judges.
OPINION OF THE COURT
Romero-Vilca appeals the district court's order denying his motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (1982) to vacate his conviction. The district court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 2241(c)(3), 2255 (1982). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1291, 2255 (1982).
Romero-Vilca pled guilty to conspiring to conceal material facts and statements on United States Immigration and Naturalization forms I-130 and I-130E in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (1982). 18 U.S.C. § 371 (1982). He was sentenced to four years imprisonment. While in custody, he was served with a detainer by the Immigration and Naturalization Service seeking to deport him under 8 U.S.C. § 1251(a)(4) (1982). Romero-Vilca then moved in the district court to vacate his conviction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (1982). After filing the motion, but before the district court ruled thereon, Romero-Vilca was released from incarceration. The district court denied Romero-Vilca's motion, and this appeal followed.
As an initial matter, we must decide whether Romero-Vilca is entitled to seek relief under section 2255 or whether his claim became moot when he was released from incarceration. Section 2255 provides that
A prisoner in custody under sentence of a court established by Act of Congress claiming the right to be released upon the ground that the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States . . . or is otherwise subject to collateral attack, may move the court which imposed the sentence to vacate, set aside or correct the sentence.
28 U.S.C. § 2255 (1982) (emphasis added). The district court had jurisdiction over Romero-Vilca's petition when it was filed because Romero-Vilca was incarcerated at the time. We must determine, however, whether Romero-Vilca's request for relief under section 2255 became moot when he was released. Carafas v. LaVallee, 391 U.S. 234, 88 S.Ct. 1556, 20 L.Ed.2d 554 (1968) (involving writ of habeas corpus); Hooks v. United States, 450 F.2d 405, 406 n. 2 (3d Cir. 1971) (applying Carafas holding to section 2255 proceeding). The Carafas Court held that a request for relief from a judgment of sentence does not become moot upon the satisfaction of that sentence when burdensome collateral consequences flow from the judgment of conviction and survive the satisfaction of the sentence. Following Carafas, we conclude that Romero-Vilca's petition is not moot in light of the potential for deportation that flows from his conviction.
Although the district court did not make a finding of fact that Romero-Vilca was incarcerated at the time the petition was filed, it appears from the face of the petition that he was then incarcerated at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners at Springfield, Missouri. The Government does not point to any evidence suggesting otherwise.
We turn now to address the merits of Romero-Vilca's motion. First, Romero-Vilca asserts that the district court erred in holding that the sentencing court's failure to inform him that deportation was a potential consequence of his plea of guilty was not a violation of Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11.
Rule 11 does not require a sentencing court to explain "collateral" consequences of a guilty plea to a defendant. See, e.g., Kincade v. United States, 559 F.2d 906 (3d Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 970, 98 S.Ct. 519, 54 L.Ed.2d 458 (1977); Fruchtman v. Kenton, 531 F.2d 946, 948 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 895, 97 S.Ct. 256, 50 L.Ed.2d 178 (1976). A collateral consequence is one that is not related to the length or nature of the sentence imposed on the basis of the plea. Kincade, 559 F.2d at 909. Applying this definition, we hold that potential deportation is a collateral consequence of a guilty plea. Accordingly, we find no error in the sentencing court's failure to inform Romero-Vilca in the Rule 11 colloquy of his possible deportation.
Second, Romero-Vilca argues that his conviction was obtained by the denial of effective assistance of counsel, thus violating his rights under the sixth amendment. Romero-Vilca asserts on appeal that his counsel was deficient in two respects: 1) he failed to inform Romero-Vilca of the potential consequence of deportation at the time the plea was entered; and 2) he failed to request that the district court recommend against deportation, 8 U.S.C. § 1251(b) (1982).
Romero-Vilca stated in his motion that he was being held unlawfully because his conviction had been obtained by the denial of effective assistance of counsel. The supporting facts alleged in the petition concern four specific instances of attorney conduct. None, however, concerned the conduct he now asserts was deficient. In denying the motion, the district court dealt with the specific instances of attorney conduct set forth in the petition, but did not address the conduct complained of on appeal. We therefore conclude that it would be inappropriate for us to address the merits of the ineffective assistance claim raised by Romero-Vilca on appeal when the claim was not raised in the petition or before the district court. See, e.g., United States v. Garcia, 544 F.2d 681, 684 n. 1 (3d Cir. 1976).
We are not called upon to decide whether Romero-Vilca could assert this particular ineffectiveness claim in a future application under section 2255. See Sanders v. United States, 373 U.S. 1, 15, 83 S.Ct. 1068, 1077, 10 L.Ed.2d 148 (1963).
In light of the foregoing, we will affirm the order of the district court.