Opinion
Argued and Submitted June 4, 2002.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION. (See Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure Rule 36-3)
Defendant was convicted in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, Napoleon A. Jones, J., of importation of marijuana, and he appealed. The Court of Appeals held that government failed to meet its burden of proving that admissions referred to in presentence report from defendant's prior juvenile proceedings were tantamount to adjudication of guilt by guilty plea or that "juvenile facility" to which he was sentenced was not a diversionary disposition, as required to count juvenile dispositions in defendant's criminal history.
Remanded for resentencing. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California Napoleon A. Jones, District Judge, Presiding.
Before FERNANDEZ, WARDLAW and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as may be provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Gerardo Martinez-Martinez ("Martinez") appeals his sentence and conviction, pursuant to a guilty plea, for importation of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960. Martinez makes a facial constitutional challenge to 21 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960. Martinez also argues that the district court erred in calculating his criminal history category because the government did not present sufficient evidence that his prior juvenile dispositions were countable prior sentences under the Sentencing Guidelines. We affirm the conviction, but remand for resentencing.
I. Facial Constitutional Challenge to 21 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960
Martinez challenges his conviction by arguing that 21 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960 are facially unconstitutional under Apprendi v. v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), because they require the determination of drug quantity, and therefore the establishment of the applicable maximum sentence, to be made by the judge rather than a jury. That challenge is foreclosed by our recent decision in United States v. Mendoza-Paz, 286 F.3d 1104 (9th Cir.2002). In Mendoza-Paz, we held that 21 U.S.C. § 960 (incorporating § 952) does not violate Apprendi because the statute does not require that the issue of drug quantity be committed to the sentencing judge rather than the jury. Id. at 1109-10 (citing United States v. Buckland, 277 F.3d 1173 (9th Cir.2002) (en banc)).
II. Criminal History Calculation and Sentencing
Martinez has completed his 15-month term of incarceration, and is currently in his first year of a three-year period of supervised release. If his prior juvenile sentences were erroneously counted under the Guidelines, then Martinez's criminal history score drops from nine to two, placing him in Criminal History Category II (12-18 months ) instead of III (15-21 months). That could reduce Martinez's sentence from 15 to 12 months, which would consequently shorten his remaining term of supervised release by three months. Alternatively, the district court could directly reduce the term of supervised release based on the new calculations, although it would have the authority to render the same three-year term. See 21 U.S.C. § 960(b)(4); USSG § 5D1.2 (requiring court to impose a term of supervised release of at least two years but no more than three years). Thus Martinez's claim is not moot. See United States v. Verdin, 243 F.3d 1174, 1179 (9th Cir.2001).
The Pre-Sentence Report ("PSR") counted four California juvenile dispositions for which Martinez received seven points. The PSR describes three of the dispositions as follows: "Minor admits allegations, cont'd ward of crt, 120 [or 180] days juv. facility." The remaining disposition is described as "Petition sustained, cont'd ward of crt., restitution, crt. work program." The probation officer compiling the PSR later added to the report that "[t]he minute orders clearly reflect that the defendant admitted the allegations in each petition and the court, in turn, found the allegations cited in each petition to be true beyond a reasonable doubt." The officer also concluded in the addendum to the PSR that the sentences to a "juv. facility" did constitute "confinement" within the meaning of USSG § 4A1.2(d)(2)(A), and, therefore, that two points were properly added to Martinez's criminal history score for each adjudication. However, the minute orders were never entered into the record.
The district court makes reference to the minute orders, stating that the "adjudication of guilt ... is reflected in the minute orders," but it appears that the probation officer never filed any copies of the minute orders with the court. Thus, it appears that the district court's knowledge of the content of the minute orders was limited to the description in the PSR and its addendum.
The district court concluded that the criminal history score calculations in the PSR were correct, and sentenced Martinez to 15 months in custody followed by three years supervised release.
Under the Sentencing Guidelines, the government has the burden of proving the existence of countable "prior sentences" by a "preponderance of the evidence." United States v. Romero-Rendon, 220 F.3d 1159, 1160 (9th Cir.2000); United States v. Marin-Cuevas, 147 F.3d 889, 895 (9th Cir.1998).
Martinez first argues that the government failed to show that he received an "adjudication of guilt" by "guilty plea, trial, or plea of nolo contendre" in his prior juvenile proceedings as required by USSG § 4A1.2(a)(1). In United States v. Sanders, 41 F.3d 480, 486 (9th Cir.1994), this court held that "[a]bsent proof that the California juvenile court found [defendant] guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, the adjudication may not be used to increase [defendant's] criminal history score."
Page 99.
Martinez also argues that his juvenile dispositions were not countable because they constituted "diversionary dispositions" under USSG § 4A1.2(f). Specifically, Martinez argues that the government failed to provide any evidence as to the type of "juvenile facility" to which Mr. Martinez was sentenced, and thus did not meet its burden of showing that he was not "diverted" outside the traditional penal system of juvenile detention.
There is insufficient evidence in the record for us to ascertain whether the "admissions" referred to in the PSR from Martinez's juvenile proceedings were tantamount to an adjudication of guilt by a guilty plea. There was no discussion in the PSR, beyond the language quoted above, as to exactly what Martinez had admitted, or whether those allegations constituted elements of a crime. Nor are we able to determine from the PSR the precise nature of Martinez's sentences to a "juv. facility." That term could encompass any number of facilities, including those offering diversionary programs. Because the minute orders were not entered into the record, we do not know whether they contain the requisite information.
We therefore find that the government failed to meet its burden of proof and we reverse and remand to the district court for re-sentencing.
REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING.