Opinion
Decided December 27th, 1929.
1. A bequest to the children of A., without naming them or specifying the share each is to receive, is a bequest to a class and the share of a child dying before the testator will not lapse but the whole bequest will go to the surviving members of the class.
2. If the bequest names the children and states their respective shares, a presumption arises that the testator intended them to take as individuals and not as a class and the share of a child dying before the testator will lapse, but such presumption will not prevail if from the whole will it appears that the testator intended his bequest to go to the children as a class.
3. The words "heirs or legal representatives" in the connection in which they are used, may be taken in a substitutionary sense and intended to mean "children" or "issue."
4. A bequest in remainder, payment of which is postponed merely for the purpose of letting in a life interest, vests immediately upon the testator's death.
5. The testator bequeathed a sum of money to the children of A., upon the death of A., their heirs or legal representatives and in case of the death of a child without issue, the surviving children to take the share of the child so dying. All the children of A. predeceased A. and but one left issue. Held, that such issue is entitled to the entire bequest.
6. The bill of complaint prays for construction of a portion of the will of Joseph Jamison, who died March 28th, 1879, the defendants joining in the prayer. The cause was argued on the pleadings and on proofs offered by consent, consisting of a certified copy of the will and certificates of death of the persons named in its second clause. The will is dated July 16th, 1874, and the clauses to be particularly considered are as follows:
7. "Second. I give and bequeath to the United States Trust Company, of New York, the sum of twenty-four thousand dollars upon the trust, and to and for the uses and purposes following, to wit: First, to invest the same on bond and mortgage, or other good and safe securities, and to collect and receive the interest and income thereof, and pay over the same half yearly to my grandniece, Mrs. Annie E. Stevens, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the granddaughter of my brother John Jamison, of Philadelphia, deceased, and wife of Edwin Stevens, of the same city, during her natural life. Second. Immediately upon the death of my said grandniece, to divide and distribute the principal of said sum to and among the children of my said grandniece, their heirs or legal representatives, and pay the same to them in the following shares or proportions, to wit: To Harrie W. Keihl, five thousand dollars; to Virginia W. Keihl, seven thousand dollars; to Josephine Jamison Keihl, nine thousand dollars; they being children by a former husband; and to William C. Stevens, three thousand dollars. In the event of the death of any or either of the said children, during the lifetime of their mother without leaving lawful issue, then to divide, distribute, and pay over to the surviving brothers and sisters in equal parts and shares, the share of the child so dying. In case either or any of the said children of my said grandniece shall be under the age of twenty-one years at the time of the death of their said mother, then to pay to or for the use of the said minor, the interest and income of the said share during his or her minority, and immediately on his or her arriving at lawful age to pay over to him or her the principal of said share."
8. "Eleventh. In case there shall remain any surplus of my estate after payment of all the foregoing legacies and bequests, then I direct my executors to divide, distribute, allot and pay the same pro rata, to and among all my above named legatees, excepting the legatees named in the second article of this my will; and in the event my estate shall not be sufficient to pay all the aforesaid legacies and bequests in full, then I direct that the requisite deductions and rebates be made from the said several legacies and bequests in the like pro rata method, except as to the said legacy and bequest in trust, made in and by the aforesaid second article of this my will, it being my express will and desire that said bequest in trust shall be and remain entire and not under any circumstances or contingencies be increased or diminished."
On bill, c.
Messrs. Wall, Haight, Carey Hartpence, for the complainant.
Messrs. Starr, Summerill Lloyd, for the defendant Robert S. Smylie, Jr.
Messrs. Whiting Moore, for the defendants H.B. Jamison et el.
Mr. Patrick H. Harding, for the defendants Florence Hughes et al. Mr. John G. Flanigan, for the defendant Hazel Connolly.
Mr. Irving Le Roy Hughes, defendant, pro se.
Harrie W. Keihl died August 27th, 1878 (before the testator), without issue.
Josephine Jamison Keihl died March 15th, 1882, without issue.
Virginia W. Smylie (referred to in the will as Virginia W. Keihl) died May 30th, 1889, leaving one son, Robert S. Smylie, Jr., as her only issue.
William C. Stevens died January 25th, 1925, without issue.
Annie E. Stevens, the life beneficiary, died January 16th, 1928.
The first question propounded is: What effect did the death of Harrie W. Keihl prior to the death of the testator have upon the bequest of $5,000 to said Harrie W. Keihl? Did said sum lapse into the testator's residuary estate; or did the testator die intestate as to said sum, or did said sum remain in trust for distribution among the surviving sisters and brother of said Harrie W. Keihl?
Had the bequest been merely to the children of Annie E. Stevens, without naming them or specifying the share each should receive, there could be no doubt but that the bequest of the whole $24,000 trust fund would go to said children as a class and that the death of Harrie W. Keihl, prior to the testator's death, would not cause a lapse of his portion of the gift and that the whole trust fund would go to those members of the class who survived the testator ( Forshee v. Dowdney, 101 N.J. Eq. 446; affirmed, 103 N.J. Eq. 374 ), but having named the children and stated their respective shares, a presumption arises that the testator intended the children to take as individuals and not as a class. Under such presumption the bequest to Harrie W. Keihl would lapse ( Dildine v. Dildine, 32 N.J. Eq. 78; Clark v. Morehous, 74 N.J. Eq. 658 ), but the presumption is not conclusive, and if, from the whole will, it appears that the testator intended his bequest to go to a class, the death of Harrie W. Keihl, a member of the class, before the death of the testator, will not result in a lapse of his portion and the surviving members of the class will take the whole. Security Trust Co. v. Lovett, 78 N.J. Eq. 445.
Let us then examine the whole will for the purpose of ascertaining, if possible, the testator's intention. It appears to be a will of personal property only, because no reference is contained therein to real property. It also appears that the testator had no wife, child or descendants of a child and no surviving brothers or sisters, because no provision is therein made for any such relative, and that the sole objects of his bounty were nephews, nieces, grandnephews and grandnieces. The will divides the legatees into groups or classes, each group being provided for in separate clauses numbered from two to ten, inclusive, and it appears from the eleventh, or residuary, clause that the testator intended by the preceding clauses to dispose of his entire estate. The first bequest is the one here in question, of $24,000 to be held in trust for the benefit of a group consisting of a grandniece and her children and the bequests which follow are to eight other groups consisting of eighteen nephews, nieces, grandnephews and grandnieces for a total of $13,050, so that it appears that the first group was the testator's special concern because it was named first and because he set aside, in trust, almost two-thirds of his estate for its benefit. In providing for this group he stated that upon the death of his grandniece the whole principal sum should be distributed among her children (all of whom were living at the date of the will), their heirs or legal representatives. I think that the words "heirs or legal representatives" were used in the will in a substitutionary sense and mean "children" or "issue." Bruere v. Bruere, 35 N.J. Eq. 432; Baldwin v. Taylor, 37 N.J. Eq. 78; affirmed, 38 N.J. Eq. 637; Davis v. Davis, 39 N.J. Eq. 13; Randolph v. Randolph, 40 N.J. Eq. 73; Eldridge v. Eldridge, 41 N.J. Eq. 89; Howell v. Steelman, 76 N.J. Eq. 423; affirmed, 77 N.J. Eq. 586; In re Smisson, 79 N.J. Eq. 233. And that the testator intended to provide that if any child of his grandniece should die before the time for distribution arrived, leaving issue, such issue should take the deceased parent's share; he further provided that if any child of his grandniece should die during the lifetime of the grandniece, without issue, the surviving children should take the share of the one dying, which provisions certainly express the testator's intention to keep this principal sum within this family group, and I can find nothing which indicates an intention that in the event of the death of a child seven months prior to the testator's death, rather than one day after, the share given to that child should lapse. In the residuary clause the testator provided for two contingencies — first, that his estate might show a surplus after payment of legacies, and second, that his estate might prove insufficient to pay all legacies in full and in both contingencies he referred to all his bequests, which I take to include the entire bequest of $24,000 given in trust, and he directed that this trust fund should not benefit through a surplus or be abated by a deficit and he added these most significant words concerning the trust fund: "Said bequest in trust shall remain entire and not under any circumstances be increased or diminished." After reading and considering the whole will, I conclude that it discloses a general plan or purpose to dispose of the testator's estate among certain family groups and to set aside for each group the portions of his estate as specified in the several clauses of his will, naming the groups, and that he particularly intended that the family group named in the second clause should take the entire sum bequeathed to that group. The complainant trustee is therefore advised that the bequest of $5,000 to Harrie W. Keihl did not lapse.
The second question propounded is: Should the legacies given to the remaindermen named in the second clause upon the death of Annie E. Stevens, be paid to their legal representatives, there being no children of Annie E. Stevens surviving her? If not, to whom should said sums be paid?
Where a will bequeaths to a remainderman but postpones payment merely for the purpose of letting in a life interest, the remainder vests immediately upon the death of the testator. In re Buzby, 94 N.J. Eq. 151; Wells v. Bennett, 100 N.J. Eq. 358. The bequest in remainder of $24,000 therefore vested in Virginia W. Keihl, Josephine J. Keihl and William C. Stevens immediately upon the testator's death and, standing alone, was an absolute gift in remainder, but other provisions of the clause in question affect and qualify the gift. The testator said, in effect, that if any of these legatees should predecease the mother, leaving issue, such issue should take the deceased parent's share, and should any of them die in the mother's lifetime, without issue, the one so dying should be divested of his or her share of the bequest and such share should go to the survivors of said brother and sisters equally. The testator's manifest intention was that the trust fund should be preserved as a whole until the time fixed for distribution, and when that time arrived, the whole fund should go to the members of the group who survived the life beneficiary, or to the issue of such of them as should predecease her. All the remaindermen predeceased the life beneficiary. Josephine J. Keihl was the first to die and she died without issue. Under the terms of the will her share in remainder was divested and could not go to her administrator or executor but became vested in her sister Virginia W. Keihl and her half-brother William C. Stevens. Clement v. Creveling, 83 N.J. Eq. 318. The next to die was Virginia W. Keihl (who had married one Smylie), and she left one son, Robert S. Smylie, Jr., as her only next of kin, who, as her "heir and legal representative," and under the terms of the will became vested with the share which had been vested in his mother at the time of her death and he survived the life beneficiary. The last to die was William C. Stevens, and he died without issue, and under the terms of the will his share was divested. It might be noted that if he died intestate (as to which the pleadings are silent) Robert S. Smylie, Jr., as his only next of kin, became entitled to the personal estate of which he died possessed. In re Tantum, 97 N.J. Eq. 271. When the life beneficiary, Annie E. Stevens, died, Robert S. Smylie, Jr., was the only survivor of the group or class provided for in the second clause of the testator's will and I am of the opinion that under the terms of the will, as I construe the testator's intention, said Robert S. Smylie, Jr., is entitled to the entire trust fund and the complainant trustee is so advised.