Opinion
2014-10542 Index No. 11265/09.
02-17-2016
U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, appellant, v. Ezekiel AKANDE, et al., respondents, et al., defendants.
Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, New York, N.Y. (Matthew D. Parrott and Allison M. Wuertz of counsel), for appellant. Rosenberg & Estis, P.C., New York, N.Y. (Dani Schwartz of counsel), for respondents.
Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, New York, N.Y. (Matthew D. Parrott and Allison M. Wuertz of counsel), for appellant.
Rosenberg & Estis, P.C., New York, N.Y. (Dani Schwartz of counsel), for respondents.
Opinion
In an action to foreclose a mortgage, the plaintiff appeals, as limited by its brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Partnow, J.), dated July 21, 2014, as, upon renewal, adhered to a prior determination in an order of the same court dated October 13, 2013, denying its motion for summary judgment on the complaint.
ORDERED that the order is reversed insofar as appealed from, on the law, with costs, upon renewal, the order dated October 13, 2013, is vacated, and thereupon, the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment on the complaint is granted.
On April 5, 2007, the defendant Ezekiel Akande executed a promissory note obligating him to repay GreenPoint Mortgage Funding, Inc. (hereinafter GreenPoint), for a loan in the principal sum of $1,350,000. To secure the note, Akande executed a mortgage encumbering real property he owned at 1783–1785 Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn (hereinafter the property). The property was subsequently transferred by Akande to the defendants 1783 Bedford Avenue, LLC, and 1785 Bedford Avenue, LLC (hereinafter collectively with Akande, the defendants).
On May 7, 2009, Park National Bank (hereinafter PNB) commenced this action to foreclose the mortgage. On April 11, 2012, upon being substituted as the plaintiff by stipulation of the parties, U.S. Bank National Association (hereinafter U.S. Bank) filed a supplemental summons and amended verified complaint alleging that it had become the holder of the note after commencement of this action. U.S. Bank alleged that GreenPoint, the originating lender, had delivered and assigned the note and mortgage to PNB. On October 30, 2009, PNB was closed by the United States Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (hereinafter the FDIC) was appointed receiver of PNB's assets. U.S. Bank alleged that it purchased the subject loan from the FDIC, as receiver for PNB, pursuant to a purchase and assumption agreement.
On or about May 31, 2012, U.S. Bank moved for summary judgment on the complaint. The Supreme Court denied the motion in an order dated October 13, 2013. Thereafter, in an order dated July 21, 2014, the court granted that branch of U.S. Bank's subsequent motion which was for leave to renew its summary judgment motion, but, upon renewal, adhered to its prior determination. We reverse the order dated July 21, 2014, insofar as appealed from, and, upon renewal, grant U.S. Bank's motion for summary judgment on the complaint.
“Generally, in moving for summary judgment in an action to foreclose a mortgage, a plaintiff establishes its prima facie case through the production of the mortgage, the unpaid note, and evidence of default” (Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Abdan, 131 A.D.3d 1001, 1001, 16 N.Y.S.3d 459 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see HSBC Bank, USA v. Hagerman, 130 A.D.3d 683, 683–684, 11 N.Y.S.3d 865; Plaza Equities, LLC v. Lamberti, 118 A.D.3d 688, 689, 986 N.Y.S.2d 843). However, “[w]here, as here, a plaintiff's standing to commence a foreclosure action is placed in issue by the defendant, it is incumbent upon the plaintiff to prove its standing to be entitled to relief” (Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Arias, 121 A.D.3d 973, 973–974, 995 N.Y.S.2d 118 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Abdan, 131 A.D.3d 1001, 16 N.Y.S.3d 459; Plaza Equities, LLC v. Lamberti, 118 A.D.3d at 689, 986 N.Y.S.2d 843).
In a mortgage foreclosure action, a plaintiff has standing where it is the holder or assignee of the underlying note at the time the action is commenced (see U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Collymore, 68 A.D.3d 752, 753–754, 890 N.Y.S.2d 578). “Either a written assignment of the underlying note or the physical delivery of the note prior to the commencement of the foreclosure action is sufficient to transfer the obligation, and the mortgage passes with the debt as an inseparable incident” (id. at 754, 890 N.Y.S.2d 578; see Aurora Loan Servs., LLC v. Taylor, 25 N.Y.3d 355, 361–362, 12 N.Y.S.3d 612, 34 N.E.3d 363; Bank of N.Y. v. Silverberg, 86 A.D.3d 274, 280, 926 N.Y.S.2d 532). “Moreover, [n]o special form or language is necessary to effect an assignment as long as the language shows the intention of the owner of a right to transfer it” (Bank of N.Y. v. Silverberg, 86 A.D.3d at 280–281, 926 N.Y.S.2d 532 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Chase Home Fin., LLC v. Miciotta, 101 A.D.3d 1307, 956 N.Y.S.2d 271). However, “the mere assignment of the mortgage without an effective assignment of the underlying note is a nullity” (U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Collymore, 68 A.D.3d at 754, 890 N.Y.S.2d 578). The transfer of the mortgage without the debt is a nullity, and no interest is acquired by it because a mortgage is merely security for a debt or other obligation and cannot exist independently of the debt or obligation (see HSBC Bank USA, N.A. v. Roumiantseva, 130 A.D.3d 983, 984, 15 N.Y.S.3d 117; Citibank, N.A. v. Herman, 125 A.D.3d 587, 588, 3 N.Y.S.3d 379; Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Spanos, 102 A.D.3d 909, 911, 961 N.Y.S.2d 200; Bank of N.Y. v. Silverberg, 86 A.D.3d at 280, 926 N.Y.S.2d 532).
“In the event that a note and mortgage are validly assigned to a third party subsequent to the commencement of a foreclosure action, ... the assignee can continue an action in the name of the original mortgagee, even in the absence of a formal substitution,” or it may, “if it chooses, take the steps necessary to effect a formal substitution” (Brighton BK, LLC v. Kurbatsky, 131 A.D.3d 1000, 1001, 17 N.Y.S.3d 137; see Mortgage Elec. Registration Sys., Inc. v. Holmes, 131 A.D.3d 680, 681–682, 17 N.Y.S.3d 31).
Here, in support of its motion, U.S. Bank produced the mortgage, the unpaid note, and evidence of default (see Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Abdan, 131 A.D.3d at 1001, 16 N.Y.S.3d 459; HSBC Bank, USA v. Hagerman, 130 A.D.3d at 683–684, 11 N.Y.S.3d 865; Plaza Equities, LLC v. Lamberti, 118 A.D.3d at 689, 986 N.Y.S.2d 843). However, to meet its prima facie burden of establishing its entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, U.S. Bank also had to establish PNB's standing to commence this foreclosure action. Contrary to the Supreme Court's conclusion, the “Assignment of Mortgage” executed on April 16, 2007, pursuant to which GreenPoint did “grant, sell, assign, transfer and convey” to PNB “[a]ll beneficial interest under [the mortgage] ... together with the note(s) and obligations therein described,” was sufficient to demonstrate PNB's status as an assignee of the note as of the date the action was commenced (see Emigrant Bank v. Larizza, 129 A.D.3d 904, 905, 13 N.Y.S.3d 129). Accordingly, since “[e]ither a written assignment of the underlying note or the physical delivery of the note prior to the commencement of the foreclosure action is sufficient to transfer the obligation” (U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Collymore, 68 A.D.3d at 754, 890 N.Y.S.2d 578 [emphasis added] ), and “[i]n a mortgage foreclosure action, a plaintiff has standing where it is ... the holder or assignee of the underlying note at the time the action is commenced” (Bank of N.Y. v. Silverberg, 86 A.D.3d at 279, 926 N.Y.S.2d 532 [emphasis added] ), the question of whether an undated stamped endorsement on the back of the note was sufficient to establish PNB's physical possession of the note is irrelevant.
Furthermore, the evidence submitted by U.S. Bank demonstrated that the subject note was delivered to it and was in its possession subsequent to the commencement of the action, thereby entitling it to maintain this validly commenced foreclosure action (see CPLR 1018; GRP Loan, LLC v. Taylor, 95 A.D.3d 1172, 1174, 945 N.Y.S.2d 336; Citibank, N.A. v. Van Brunt Props., LLC, 95 A.D.3d 1158, 1160, 945 N.Y.S.2d 330).
In opposition, the defendants failed to raise a triable issue of fact.
Accordingly, upon renewal, the Supreme Court should have granted U.S. Bank's motion for summary judgment on the complaint.