Opinion
599, 20-01537
10-01-2021
UNIVERSITY SQUARE SAN ANTONIO, TX. LLC, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. MEGA FURNITURE DEZAVALA, LLC, and Mega Furniture & Accessories, LLC, Defendants-Appellants.
BARCLAY DAMON, LLP, BUFFALO (MICHAEL E. FERDMAN OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS. HARRIS BEACH PLLC, PITTSFORD (DALE A. WORRALL OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT.
BARCLAY DAMON, LLP, BUFFALO (MICHAEL E. FERDMAN OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS.
HARRIS BEACH PLLC, PITTSFORD (DALE A. WORRALL OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: CENTRA, J.P., NEMOYER, TROUTMAN, WINSLOW, AND BANNISTER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, the motion is denied, the affirmative defenses are reinstated, and the cross motion is granted.
Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this action seeking damages for breach of a commercial lease agreement with defendant Mega Furniture Dezavala, LLC (tenant) and enforcement of the lease guarantee executed by defendant Mega Furniture & Accessories, LLC. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental restrictions executed in response thereto, the tenant closed its furniture store, stopped making lease payments and abandoned the premises. Thereafter, plaintiff reentered, re-keyed, and retained possession thereof. Plaintiff moved for summary judgment on its complaint and dismissing defendants’ affirmative defenses, and defendants cross-moved to compel further discovery seeking information relating to plaintiff's conduct upon reentry of the premises and any actions taken to mitigate damages. Supreme Court issued an order that granted the motion in its entirety and denied the cross motion, and defendants filed a notice of appeal from that order. We note that a final judgment has been entered in this matter, and we exercise our discretion to treat the notice of appeal as valid and deem the appeal to be taken from the judgment instead of the order (see CPLR 5520 [c] ; Hughes v. Nussbaumer, Clarke & Velzy , 140 A.D.2d 988, 988, 529 N.Y.S.2d 658 [4th Dept. 1988] ; see generally Thornton v. City of Rochester , 160 A.D.3d 1446, 1446, 72 N.Y.S.3d 881 [4th Dept. 2018] ).
We agree with defendants that the court erred in denying their cross motion and granting plaintiff's motion inasmuch as defendants established that "facts essential to justify opposition [to plaintiff's motion] may exist but cannot ... be stated" without further discovery ( CPLR 3212 [f] ). Generally, a tenant is relieved of its obligation to pay full rent due under a lease where it surrenders the premises before expiration of the term and the landlord accepts its surrender (see Centurian Dev. v. Kenford Co. , 60 A.D.2d 96, 100, 400 N.Y.S.2d 263 [4th Dept. 1977] ). A surrender by operation of law may be inferred from the conduct of the parties where "the parties to a lease both do some act so inconsistent with the landlord-tenant relationship that it indicates their intent to deem their lease terminated" ( Riverside Research Inst. v. KMGA, Inc. , 68 N.Y.2d 689, 691-692, 506 N.Y.S.2d 302, 497 N.E.2d 669 [1986] ; see Centurian Dev. , 60 A.D.2d at 100, 400 N.Y.S.2d 263 ), i.e., where the tenant vacates the premises and returns the keys, and the landlord procures a new tenant (see Underhill v. Collins , 132 N.Y. 269, 271, 30 N.E. 576 [1892] ). "Such a surrender and acceptance severs the relationship between the parties upon the creation of an estate inconsistent with the prior tenant's rights under the lease" ( Nicholas A. Cutaia, Inc. v. Buyer's Bazaar , Inc., 224 A.D.2d 952, 954, 637 N.Y.S.2d 857 [4th Dept. 1996] ). Further, "conduct by the landlord which [falls] short of an actual reletting but which indicate[s] the landlord's intent to terminate the lease and use the premises for his [or her] own benefit" may evince an intent to accept a tenant's surrender of the premises ( Centurian Dev. , 60 A.D.2d at 100, 400 N.Y.S.2d 263 ). "Whether a surrender by operation of law has occurred is a determination to be made on the facts" ( Riverside Research Inst. , 68 N.Y.2d at 692, 506 N.Y.S.2d 302, 497 N.E.2d 669 ). Only where the pertinent facts are not in dispute should the determination be made as a matter of law (see Brock Enters. v. Dunham's Bay Boat Co. , 292 A.D.2d 681, 683, 738 N.Y.S.2d 760 [3d Dept. 2002] ).
Here, we conclude that because plaintiff did not respond to the request for production of documents with respect to mitigating damages, or to defendants’ notice of deposition, the record lacks evidence relating to plaintiff's conduct upon gaining possession of the premises. While plaintiff's agent averred in plaintiff's reply papers that plaintiff had not relet the premises, that fact alone is not dispositive on the issue whether plaintiff accepted the tenant's surrender of the premises (see Centurian Dev. , 60 A.D.2d at 100, 400 N.Y.S.2d 263 ), nor is plaintiff's initial refusal to accept surrender (see Gray v. Kaufman Dairy & Ice–Cream Co. , 162 N.Y. 388, 389, 398, 56 N.E. 903 [1900] ).
Further, while plaintiff had no duty to mitigate damages (see Holy Props. v. Cole Prods., Inc. , 87 N.Y.2d 130, 134, 637 N.Y.S.2d 964, 661 N.E.2d 694 [1995] ), any actions it may have taken to offset the rent owed by defendants are relevant to determining the amount of damages (see Iskalo Elec. Tower LLC v. Stantec Consulting Servs., Inc., 174 A.D.3d 1420, 1423, 107 N.Y.S.3d 202 [4th Dept. 2019] ; Clearview Farms LLC v. Fannon , 145 A.D.3d 1556, 1556-1557, 43 N.Y.S.3d 840 [4th Dept. 2016] ). Thus, contrary to plaintiff's contention in its opposition to defendants’ cross motion, the discovery sought by defendants is relevant to the issues presented in plaintiff's motion for summary judgment (see generally CPLR 3101 [a] ). Additionally, because plaintiff seeks accelerated rent constituting liquidated damages (see Trustees of Columbia Univ. in the City of N.Y. v. D'Agostino Supermarkets, Inc. , 36 N.Y.3d 69, 74 n. 3, 138 N.Y.S.3d 498, 162 N.E.3d 727 [2020] ; 172 Van Duzer Realty Corp. v. Globe Alumni Student Assistance Assn., Inc. , 24 N.Y.3d 528, 535-536, 2 N.Y.S.3d 39, 25 N.E.3d 952 [2014] ), defendants should have been afforded an opportunity to obtain information regarding whether the undiscounted accelerated rent amount was disproportionate to plaintiffs's actual losses and thus an enforceable penalty (see generally 172 Van Duzer Realty Corp. , 24 N.Y.3d at 537, 2 N.Y.S.3d 39, 25 N.E.3d 952 ; Clearview Farms LLC , 145 A.D.3d at 1556-1557, 43 N.Y.S.3d 840 ). We therefore conclude that the court abused its discretion in denying defendants’ cross motion to compel inasmuch as the disclosure sought was " ‘material and necessary’ " to opposing plaintiff's motion ( Buffamante Whipple Buttafaro, Certified Public Accountants, P.C. v. Dawson , 118 A.D.3d 1283, 1284, 988 N.Y.S.2d 341 [4th Dept. 2014], quoting CPLR 3101 [a] ), and we likewise conclude that the court erred in granting plaintiff's motion for summary judgment (see CPLR 3212 [f] ).