Opinion
10-23-2014
ULLMANNGLASS et al., Appellants–Respondents, v. ONEIDA, LTD., et al., Respondents–Appellants.
Primmer Piper Eggleston & Cramer, P.C., Burlington, Vermont, (Gary L. Franklin of counsel), for appellants-respondents. Bond Schoeneck & King, PLLC, Syracuse (Louis Orbach of counsel), for respondents-appellants.
Primmer Piper Eggleston & Cramer, P.C., Burlington, Vermont, (Gary L. Franklin of counsel), for appellants-respondents.
Bond Schoeneck & King, PLLC, Syracuse (Louis Orbach of counsel), for respondents-appellants.
Before: PETERS, P.J., LAHTINEN, GARRY, ROSE and CLARK, JJ.
Opinion
PETERS, P.J.Cross appeals from an order of the Supreme Court (Cerio Jr., J.), entered August 13, 2013 in Madison County, which granted defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
Plaintiffs commenced this action against defendants asserting various tort claims based upon defendants' alleged interference with a consulting contract between plaintiff Norbert Ullmann and Inn Crystal Vertriebsg MBH. More specifically, plaintiffs alleged that defendants made disparaging and false remarks about them to principals of Inn Crystal, which caused it to cancel the consulting contract. Prior to answering, defendants moved to dismiss the complaint as barred by the statute of limitations and for failure to state a cause of action. Supreme Court partially granted the motion and dismissed plaintiffs' cause of action for injurious falsehood and business disparagement, but left intact plaintiffs' claims for tortious interference with contractual relations and tortious interference with prospective business relations. Upon appeal, this Court affirmed (86 A.D.3d 827, 927 N.Y.S.2d 702 [2011] ). Defendants then moved for summary judgment dismissing the remaining claims. Supreme Court, while concluding that those claims were not time-barred by the applicable statute of limitations (see CPLR 214[4] ), dismissed them based upon a lack of causation between defendants' alleged actions and the cancellation of the consulting contract as well as the ending of plaintiffs' business relationship with Inn Crystal. Plaintiffs appeal, and defendants cross-appeal.
At oral argument, plaintiffs withdrew their claim for tortious interference with prospective business relations.
Defendants cross-appeal from that part of Supreme Court's order that declined to dismiss the subject claims on statute of limitations grounds. However, inasmuch as defendants were granted summary judgment dismissing the complaint, they are not aggrieved by the court's order and their cross appeal must, therefore, be dismissed (see Parochial Bus Sys. v. Board of Educ. of City of N.Y., 60 N.Y.2d 539, 544–545, 470 N.Y.S.2d 564, 458 N.E.2d 1241 [1983] ; Ford v. Rifenburg, 94 A.D.3d 1285, 1285 n. 1, 942 N.Y.S.2d 285 [2012] ). Their statute of limitations argument is, nonetheless, properly before us as an alternative ground for affirmance (see id. ).
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Causation is an essential element of a claim for tortious interference with contractual relations. Such a cause of action requires proof that, “but for” the defendants' conduct, the plaintiff would not have breached its contract with a third party (see DiFabio v. Jordan, 113 A.D.3d 1109, 1110, 979 N.Y.S.2d 214 [2014] ; Hobler v. Hussain, 111 A.D.3d 1006, 1008, 975 N.Y.S.2d 212 [2013] ; Schmidt & Schmidt, Inc. v. Town of Charlton, 103 A.D.3d 1011, 1015, 962 N.Y.S.2d 393 [2013] ).
In opposition to defendants' motion for summary judgment, plaintiffs submitted a letter—not previously disclosed during discovery—that was written by Ullmann to a principal at Inn Crystal following their meeting concerning Inn Crystal's notification that it was cancelling the consulting contract. In the letter, Ullmann summarized the meeting and, although he disputed the allegations concerning his poor relationship with defendants, he readily acknowledged that Inn Crystal wished to terminate the consulting contract because it could no longer afford to pay Ullmann his commissions given the discounts that it was providing to defendants. This letter established that, regardless of whether defendants acted in such a manner as to interfere with the consulting contract, the contract with Ullmann was terminated for financial reasons (see DiFabio v. Jordan, 113 A.D.3d at 1110, 979 N.Y.S.2d 214 ; Hobler v. Hussain, 111 A.D.3d at 1008, 975 N.Y.S.2d 212 ; Schmidt & Schmidt, Inc. v. Town of Charlton, 103 A.D.3d at 1014–1015, 962 N.Y.S.2d 393 ). Thus, it cannot be shown that “but for” defendants' alleged interference, plaintiffs' contractual relationship with Inn Crystal would have continued (see id.; Snyder v. Sony Music Entertainment, 252 A.D.2d 294, 300, 684 N.Y.S.2d 235 [1999] ). We reject plaintiffs' assertion that other correspondence in the record supports a different conclusion or otherwise raises a triable issue as to whether the financial harm incurred by plaintiffs was attributable to defendants' purported conduct. Absent proof of causation,plaintiffs' claim for tortious interference with contract was properly dismissed.
Finally, we are unpersuaded by plaintiffs' contention that summary judgment should have been denied as premature. Plaintiffs have not demonstrated how further discovery would yield evidence sufficient to defeat the motion, particularly given the admission contained in Ullmann's letter (see Hobler v. Hussain, 111 A.D.3d at 1009, 975 N.Y.S.2d 212 ; 2 N. St. Corp. v. Getty Saugerties Corp., 68 A.D.3d 1392, 1395–1396, 892 N.Y.S.2d 217 [2009], lv. denied 14 N.Y.3d 706, 2010 WL 1235671 [2010] ; Mitchell v. Atlas Copco N. Am., Inc., 307 A.D.2d 635, 636, 762 N.Y.S.2d 541 [2003] ). Moreover, plaintiffs had ample time and opportunity to conduct additional discovery, including depositions, before this motion was brought, and have not proffered an adequate excuse for their failure to do so (see Meath v. Mishrick, 68 N.Y.2d 992, 994–995, 510 N.Y.S.2d 560, 503 N.E.2d 115 [1986] ; Calabrese Bakeries, Inc. v. Rockland Bakery, Inc., 102 A.D.3d 1033, 1035, 960 N.Y.S.2d 514 [2013] ; Steinborn v. Himmel, 9 A.D.3d 531, 535, 780 N.Y.S.2d 412 [2004] ; Halliday v. Norton Co., 265 A.D.2d 614, 617, 696 N.Y.S.2d 549 [1999], lv. dismissed and denied 94 N.Y.2d 894, 706 N.Y.S.2d 696, 727 N.E.2d 1250 [2000] ; Younger v. Spartan Chem. Co., 252 A.D.2d 265, 268, 686 N.Y.S.2d 152 [1999] ).
In light of our determination, we need not address the alternative ground for affirmance advanced by defendants.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs.
ORDERED that the cross appeal is dismissed, without costs.
LAHTINEN, GARRY, ROSE and CLARK, JJ., concur.