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finding no duty to third-party because she was not an intended third party beneficiary
Summary of this case from Solutia Inc. v. FMC Corp.Opinion
92996.
Decided and Entered: January 15, 2004.
Cross appeals from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Lamont, J.), entered September 18, 2002 in Schoharie County, which, inter alia, partially granted defendant Leatha B. Farrell's motion for summary judgment on her counterclaims and cross claim.
James C. Hayes III, Amsterdam, for appellant-respondent.
Law Offices of Michael Kurz L.L.C., Guilderland (Michael Kurz of counsel), for respondent-appellant.
Hinman, Howard Kattell L.L.P., Binghamton (Paul T. Sheppard of counsel), for respondents.
Before: Crew, III, J.P., Peters, Spain, Rose and Kane, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Defendant Leatha B. Farrell and James T. Tedeschi (hereinafter decedent) were married in 1952 and had five children. In 1979, they entered into a separation agreement which stated, in relevant part, as follows:
"The husband agrees to keep and maintain * * * the life insurance coverage currently in force through his employment by the State University of New York, and maintain the wife as the irrevocable beneficiary thereof so long as the husband has not remarried. In the event the husband does remarry * * * the wife, Leatha B. Tedeschi, shall be the irrevocable beneficiary of such coverage to the extent of 50% of the death benefit payable under such policy. * * *
The parties further agree that all of the above terms and conditions shall also apply to the $6,000.00 life insurance coverage provided the husband through his membership in the United University Professionals Union, except that the wife shall remain the irrevocable beneficiary of 100% of the proceeds regardless of whether the husband shall remarry."
At that time, decedent had two retirement annuities issued by plaintiffs in connection with his retirement plan and one life insurance policy issued through a professional organization. In accordance with the terms of the separation agreement, but prior to its incorporation into their December 1980 judgment of divorce, decedent named Farrell his irrevocable beneficiary on the annuities; he notified her of such designation and his compliance with the terms of their agreement.
Neither the provision referencing the $6,000 life insurance policy nor its distribution is in dispute.
When decedent married defendant Valentina M. Tedeschi, Farrell and decedent executed a change of beneficiary form naming Farrell and Tedeschi each a 50% beneficiary under the annuities. Thereafter, decedent unsuccessfully attempted to change the designations solely to Tedeschi without Farrell's approval and then negotiated with Farrell to revise their economic distribution. When Farrell refused, decedent unilaterally, and without notice to Farrell, changed the designations to Tedeschi as his sole beneficiary. The change was sent to plaintiffs in 1995; decedent died in 2000.
When Tedeschi and Farrell submitted their claims to plaintiffs for benefits, this action was commenced pursuant to CPLR 1006. Plaintiffs moved for, inter alia, an order granting them leave to pay the disputed proceeds into the court and, upon such payment, for a discharge from any further liability. Both Farrell and Tedeschi counterclaimed. Supreme Court found that plaintiffs owed no duty to either Farrell or Tedeschi and directed plaintiffs to pay 50% of the disputed funds to Farrell. Further concluding that the designation of Farrell as the irrevocable beneficiary fell within the exception to the anti-alienation rule announced in Kaplan v. Kaplan ( 82 N.Y.2d 300), plaintiffs were released from liability. Both Tedeschi and Farrell cross-appeal.
Farrell contends that, as a third-party beneficiary, she was owed a fiduciary duty by plaintiffs. We disagree. Farrell failed to prove that she had enforceable rights thereunder (see City of Amsterdam v. Lam, 270 A.D.2d 603, 605, lv denied 95 N.Y.2d 757;Leavitt-Berner Tanning Corp. v. American Home Assur. Co., 129 A.D.2d 199, 203, lv denied 70 N.Y.2d 609) by demonstrating that the contracting parties, here plaintiffs and decedent, intended to bestow a benefit upon her "more than merely incidental to the benefits afforded them and which evince an intent to permit enforcement by [her]" (Dubroff v. Evergreen Bank, Natl. Assn., 265 A.D.2d 644, 645). With no independent basis upon which plaintiffs can be found to owe her a duty, Supreme Court properly dismissed Farrell's claims.
Nor do we find that Tedeschi asserted an independent basis of liability sufficient to revive her claims. Tedeschi relies upon the equitable doctrines of estoppel and laches, contending that plaintiffs breached their fiduciary duty to her by accepting the change of beneficiary form in 1995 without objection. Those defenses were properly rejected by Supreme Court since Tedeschi failed to demonstrate either prejudice (see Weiss v. Mayflower Doughnut Corp., 1 N.Y.2d 310, 318; Matter of Felix v. Herman, 257 A.D.2d 900, 902) or detrimental reliance (see Nassau Trust Co. v. Montrose Concrete Prods. Corp., 56 N.Y.2d 175, 184). With no merit to any other contention undermining plaintiffs' commencement of this action pursuant to CPLR 1006 (a), we next review the distribution of benefits.
Notably, Insurance Law § 3113, not enacted at the time, would have imposed a duty upon plaintiffs to notify decedent of the validity or invalidity of the change of beneficiary form that he submitted (see L 1999, ch 275, § 1, eff. Sept. 18, 1999).
Upon such determination, Supreme Court also properly exercised its discretion pursuant to CPLR 1006 (f) to determine expenses, costs, disbursements and interest.
The separation agreement is "subject to the principles of contract construction and interpretation" (Matter of Meccico v. Meccico, 76 N.Y.2d 822, 823-824; see Rainbow v. Swisher, 72 N.Y.2d 106, 109). Due to ambiguity in the provision addressing the apportionment of life insurance benefits after remarriage, Supreme Court properly used parol evidence to ascertain the parties' intention at the time of its execution (see Matter of Dube v. Horowitz, 258 A.D.2d 724, 725). To evince decedent's intent, Farrell proffered numerous documents in which decedent referred to the annuity contracts and the disputed provision of the separation agreement, requiring both Farrell and Tedeschi to share the proceeds equally once decedent remarried. With no evidence to the contrary by Tedeschi, Farrell's further proffer of evidence demonstrating decedent's negotiations with her, after his marriage, to attempt to alter her entitlement to 50% of the retirement annuities provided additional support for Supreme Court's determination.
Tedeschi contends that an interpretation which makes Farrell an irrevocable beneficiary of 50% of the annuity benefits violates the anti-alienation rule enunciated in Caravaggio v. Retirement Bd. of Teachers' Retirement Sys. of City of N.Y. ( 36 N.Y.2d 348, 350). We disagree. The divorce judgment, which incorporated the separation agreement, was issued after the enactment of the Equitable Distribution Law (see Domestic Relations Law § 236-B, as amended by L 1989, ch 567, eff. Sept. 15, 1989). With the separation agreement the legally binding division of decedent's and Farrell's marital property, the limited exception to Caravaggio, enunciated in Kaplan v. Kaplan ( 82 N.Y.2d 300, supra), applies. There, it was recognized that the equitable distribution of property in a separation agreement "should be accorded the same status and protection [as] court-ordered awards" (id. at 307; compare Keith v. Keith, 241 A.D.2d 820, 822). Accordingly, we find no error in the distribution of benefits.
Crew, III, J.P., Spain, Rose and Kane, JJ., concur.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed, without costs.