Opinion
Docket No. 92624.
Decided April 4, 1988.
Rhynard Meden (by Russell L. Rhynard), for plaintiffs. Lindsay Lindsay (by Francis E. Lindsay), for Detroit Mackinac Railway Company.
Peter Patrick, for Burton Abstract and Title Company.
In 1974, plaintiffs purchased forty-four acres of undeveloped land in Section 3, Forest Township, Cheboygan County. Before purchasing the property, plaintiffs obtained an abstract and had it updated and certified by defendant Burton Abstract and Title Company. They then obtained two title opinions. When it appeared that all clouds on title had been removed, plaintiffs received a warranty deed which contained two descriptions, one of a forty-acre parcel, essentially consisting of the NW 1/4 of the SW 1/4 of Section 3, and one of an adjoining four-acre parcel, located in the NW 1/4 of Section 3. The description of the four-acre parcel excepted "the Right of Way of the Detroit and Mackinaw Railroad."
Delmar Porter surveyed plaintiffs' forty-four acres in 1975. Later, while performing an unrelated survey, Porter discovered the existence of a Detroit Mackinac Railroad (DM) "wye track" or "turn-around" right of way which ran through the forty-acre parcel. DM's interest in the right of way was conveyed to it by a 1901 warranty deed from Frank and Ida Stinchfield. Tracks were laid, but apparently pulled up in the 1950s. It is undisputed that in 1948 DM recorded a notice of its rights of way. It is also undisputed that this notice was not included in the abstract prepared by defendant Burton Abstract. The instant quiet title action against defendant DM ensued after plaintiffs learned of the right of way located on the forty-acre parcel. Plaintiffs also asserted a claim of negligence against defendant Burton Abstract.
Following a bench trial, the court on May 5, 1986, entered a judgment determining that DM had preserved its interest in the right of way and that Burton Abstract was negligent in failing to include that interest in its abstract of plaintiffs' property. The court ordered Burton Abstract to cure the defect in plaintiffs' title by buying the disputed right of way from DM and conveying it to plaintiffs. Burton Abstract appeals as of right. Plaintiffs cross-appeal the judgment in favor of DM. We affirm.
On appeal, Burton Abstract first contends that DM did not acquire title to the wye track right of way through plaintiffs' forty-acre parcel under the 1901 Stinchfield deed. According to Burton Abstract, the Stinchfield deed conveyed to DM property located in Section 4, rather than Section 3, of Forest Township. The argument is wholly without merit. An examination of the Stinchfield deed establishes that it conveyed property located exclusively in Section 3, the location of plaintiffs' property and the wye track right of way.
Burton Abstract next argues that, even if DM had title to the right of way, the trial court erred in finding that DM preserved its interest under the marketable record title act, MCL 565.101 et seq.; MSA 26.1271 et seq. Plaintiffs join in this argument.
Under § 3 of the marketable record title act, MCL 565.103; MSA 26.1273, DM's interest in plaintiffs' forty-acre parcel, conveyed to it in 1901, was extinguished unless within the forty-year period prior to plaintiffs' purchase DM recorded a notice of its interest. Section 5 of the act, MCL 565.105; MSA 26.1275, states:
To be effective and to be entitled to record the notice above referred to shall contain an accurate and full description of all the land affected by such notice which description shall be set forth in particular terms and not be general inclusions . . . .
The notice that DM recorded on January 29, 1948, after fixing the location of the land in Forest Township in Cheboygan County, refers to
[a] 100 foot right-of-way lying 50 feet on each side of the centerline of the main railroad track as now laid over and across the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter and the northwest quarter, Section 3; and the northeast quarter of Section 4; Town 34 North, Range 1 East. Also a 100 foot right-of-way lying 50 feet on each side of the centerline of the abandoned Indian River Branch and the abandoned Wye tracks in said descriptions. [Emphasis added.]
Thus, the notice described the affected land as one hundred feet along the abandoned wye tracks in the NW 1/4 of the SW 1/4, Section 3 of Forest Township. Plaintiffs' forty-acre parcel consists of all but a small wedge of the NW 1/4 of the SW 1/4 of Section 3.
Plaintiffs and Burton Abstract contend that reference to abandoned railroad tracks is too general to satisfy the particularity requirement of § 5 of the marketable title act. We disagree. The purpose of the filing of notice provision is to put persons on notice of existing interests in land created by a conveyance or title transaction which was executed more than forty years in the past. The notice in this case was sufficient to accomplish that purpose. It gave notice of a claim of interest in the wye track bed located in the NW 1/4 of the SW 1/4 of Section 3 — plaintiffs' forty acres. No more was needed to alert a person examining title to the parcel to the possibility of a cloud on title. Furthermore, no more was needed to alert an abstracter that the claim should be included in the abstract of any parcel within the NW 1/4 of the SW 1/4 of Section 3. Burton Abstract's failure to do so must be attributed to its abstracter, not a deficiency in DM's notice of claim.
Burton Abstract next argues that the judgment against it must be reversed because the trial judge failed to set forth specific findings of fact on the ownership of the disputed property. The argument is without merit. A reading of the judge's decision makes it clear that he found DM to be the owner of the right of way because its 1948 notice of claim was satisfactory and because plaintiffs had failed to prove adverse possession. This was sufficient to comply with MCR 2.517. See, e.g., Birkenshaw v Detroit, 110 Mich. App. 500, 509; 313 N.W.2d 334 (1981), lv den 417 Mich. 913 (1983).
Next, plaintiffs and Burton Abstract argue that the trial court erred in finding that plaintiffs failed to prove their claims of adverse possession and abandonment against DM. In order to secure title by adverse possession, the claimant's possession must be actual, visible, open, notorious, exclusive, continuous, uninterrupted for the fifteen-year statutory period and under color or claim of right. Burns v Foster, 348 Mich. 8, 14; 81 N.W.2d 386 (1957); Mackinac Island Development Co, Ltd v Burton Abstract Title Co, 132 Mich. App. 504, 512; 349 N.W.2d 191 (1984), lv den 422 Mich. 939 (1985). The doctrine of adverse possession is strictly construed. The party alleging title by adverse possession must prove the same by clear and positive proof. Mackinac Island Development Co, Ltd, supra, p 512. The essential elements of abandonment are an intent to relinquish the property and acts putting that intention into effect. Van Slooten v Larsen, 410 Mich. 21, 50; 299 N.W.2d 704 (1980), appeal dismissed 455 U.S. 901 (1982); Emmons v Easter, 62 Mich. App. 226, 237; 233 N.W.2d 239 (1975). Nonuse by itself is insufficient to show abandonment. Emmons, supra, p 237.
In the instant case, DM employee James Keavey testified that he inspects DM's property in the area on a monthly basis, including the right of way across plaintiffs' property. Keavey further testified that trackage is removed because it is cost-effective in that the equipment can be used elsewhere, not because DM has abandoned a right of way. Keavey never saw any use of the property that would have prevented DM's use. He stated that in cases where the railroad's property is encroached upon or fenced off, the railroad advises the encroacher that it is railroad property and that the encroachment must be removed.
We agree with the trial court that plaintiffs failed to prove that DM intended to abandon its right of way. We do not believe that the use of the term "abandoned" in DM's 1948 notice of claim showed an intention to abandon its property interest in the right of way; the evidence indicates that the term refers only to the fact that DM was no longer using the right of way in its operations. Indeed, the filing of the notice in itself indicated that DM intended to preserve its interest. We further agree with the trial court that plaintiffs failed to prove adverse possession. Plaintiffs had not owned their property for the fifteen-year statutory period, and presented no evidence for purposes of "tacking" that their predecessor in title had adversely possessed the right of way.
Burton Abstract also contends that the court's judgment must be reversed because, while it directs Burton Abstract to "purchase or otherwise negotiate the conveyance from DM railroad to Plaintiffs of the subject real estate," it does not order DM to sell the property or establish a fair market value. We believe the judgment is enforceable as presently drafted. At trial, it was established that DM is willing to sell the right of way, and that it had recently sold similar rights of way for $650 an acre. Even if defendant Burton Abstract is unable to purchase the property, the judgment directs Burton Abstract to pay damages to plaintiffs measured by the difference between the value of the land with the encumbrance and without the encumbrance, and provides for an evidentiary hearing to make that determination. Therefore, reversal is not warranted.
Finally, Burton Abstract contends that the judgment is inconsistent with the court's findings of fact. On this point we agree. In his ruling from the bench, the trial judge stated that no damages could be assessed for the right of way over the four-acre parcel, since that right of way was specifically excepted in plaintiffs' deed. However, the May 5, 1986, judgment's description of the property from which the right of way must be cleared includes the four-acre parcel. Plaintiffs concede that this was error. We therefore remand to the circuit court to amend its judgment to exclude the four-acre parcel from its description of the property subject to damages.
Affirmed and remanded for correction of judgment. We do not retain jurisdiction.