Nos. 13-03-197-CR, 13-03-198-CR
Opinion delivered and filed June 17, 2004. DO NOT PUBLISH. Tex.R.App.P. 47.2(b).
On appeal from the 139th District Court of Hidalgo County, Texas.
Before Chief Justice VALDEZ and Justices YAÑEZ and CASTILLO.
Opinion by Justice YAÑEZ.
This is a consolidation of two appeals from a single habeas corpus proceeding in which appellants, Patricia J. Stenshoel and Larry Stenshoel, were ordered extradited to California. By three issues, appellants contend: (1) the extradition warrants are defective because neither the requisition papers nor the charging instruments are supported by affidavit; (2) the trial court improperly ordered extradition on charges that do not allege an offense under Texas law; and (3) the record contains no proof appellants were "substantially charged with a crime" in California because Texas does not allow prosecution of a felony without an indictment. We affirm the trial court's orders denying appellants' petitions for writ of habeas corpus and authorizing extradition. As this is a memorandum opinion not designated for publication and the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recite them here except as necessary to advise the parties of the court's decision and the basic reasons for it. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4. In each case, the record contains the trial court's certification that the case is not a plea-bargain case and the defendant has the right of appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(a)(2). Texas Governor's Warrants ordering the arrest of appellants were issued following California extradition requests charging appellants with felony violations of California state income and sales tax laws. Appellants filed petitions for writ of habeas corpus challenging extradition based on the Governor's Warrants. The trial court conducted a habeas corpus hearing and denied the petitions. These appeals followed.
Patricia J. Stenshoel is the appellant in cause number 13-03-197-CR and Larry Maynard Stenshoel is the appellant in cause number 13-03-198-CR.
Applicable Law
If the governor has signed a governor's warrant granting extradition, a trial court entertaining an application for writ of habeas corpus may decide only four issues: (1) whether the extradition documents are facially in order; (2) whether the applicant has been charged with a crime in the demanding state; (3) whether the applicant is the person named in the demand for extradition; and (4) whether the applicant is a fugitive. Ex parte Potter, 21 S.W.3d 290, 294 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000). Additionally, an accused may raise the issue of his mental competency to consult with counsel. Id. at 296. A governor's warrant which is regular on its face is sufficient to make a prima facie case authorizing extradition. Ex parte Kronhaus, 410 S.W.2d 442, 443 (Tex.Crim.App. 1969); Ex parte Rodriguez, 943 S.W.2d 97, 99 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1997, no pet.). Once the governor's warrant is shown to be regular on its face, the burden shifts to the petitioner to show that: (1) the warrant was not legally issued; (2) it was issued on improper authority; or (3) the recitals in it are inaccurate. Ex parte Cain, 592 S.W.2d 359, 362 (Tex.Crim.App. 1980); Rodriguez, 943 S.W.2d at 99. Section 3 of article 51.13 of the code of criminal procedure requires that the extradition request from the demanding state be accompanied by either: (1) a copy of an indictment; (2) an information supported by an affidavit; (3) an affidavit made before a magistrate together with a warrant; or (4) a copy of a judgment of conviction or sentence together with a statement the person has escaped from confinement or broken the terms of his bail, probation, or parole. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 51.13, § 3 (Vernon Supp. 2004). The purpose of the requirement that the demand for extradition be accompanied by one of the enumerated set of instruments is to demonstrate that the person whose surrender is sought was charged in the regular course of the judicial proceedings of the demanding state. Ex parte Rosenthal, 515 S.W.2d 114, 119 (Tex.Crim.App. 1974); Rodriguez, 943 S.W.2d at 99. The supporting documents enumerated in section 3 of article 51.13 have been recognized as being disjunctive; that is, only one of the supporting documents enumerated in the statute must accompany the governor's warrant. Noe v. State, 654 S.W.2d 701, 702 (Tex.Crim.App. 1983). Analysis
In their first issue, appellants contend the Governor's Warrants are defective because neither the requisition papers nor the charging instruments are properly supported by affidavit. Specifically, appellants contend the applications for requisition are defective because the statement of the affiant, the Deputy District Attorney of Santa Clara County, states that the statements in the applications are true on "information and belief." Similarly, appellants contend the affidavits supporting the charging instruments lack statements that the affiant has personal knowledge of the facts sworn to in the affidavits. At the habeas hearing, the State introduced the Governor's Warrants and supporting documents, which include, in each case, an application for requisition, copies of an amended felony complaint with a finding of probable cause by a judge, and an arrest warrant signed by a judge. Where a complaint or affidavit is positive in its terms and substantially charges a crime, its sufficiency may not be impeached in an extradition case by proof that the complainant in fact acted upon information and belief only. Ex parte Green, 437 S.W.2d 859, 860 (Tex.Crim.App. 1969); Ex parte McClintick, 945 S.W.2d 188, 192 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1997, no pet.); Ex parte McDonald, 631 S.W.2d 222, 224 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 1982, pet. ref'd) (affidavit made on information and belief is sufficient). We overrule appellants' first issue. In their second issue, appellants contend the trial court improperly ordered extradition on charges that do not constitute offenses under Texas law. Specifically, appellants complain that the photocopies of the applicable California law on which extradition was based were unauthenticated because such authentication was on "information and belief." Absent proper proof of California law, appellants argue, the law of California is presumed to be the same as that of Texas. Appellants further argue that because Texas has no analogous statutes regarding failure to pay state income tax or collection of state sales tax, the State failed to prove appellants were "substantially charged with a crime" sufficient to support extradition. The record reflects that appellants are charged in California with willfully making and subscribing a false tax return under penalty of perjury, the failure to file sales tax returns with the intent to evade the tax, and grand theft of personal property of a value over four hundred dollars. The documents submitted in support of the Governor's Warrants include copies of applicable California law. The extradition requests and "supporting documents," including the copies of applicable statutes, are authenticated by the then-Governor of California, Gray Davis. We have already rejected appellants' argument that the affidavit supporting the requisition papers is defective because it is based on "information and belief." See Ex parte McDonald, 631 S.W.2d at 224. Thus, we find appellants' claim (based on the same argument) that the copies of California statutes are "unauthenticated" to be similarly without merit. We overrule appellants' second issue. In their third issue, appellants contend that the record contains no proof they were "substantially charged with a crime" in California because Texas does not allow prosecution of a felony without an indictment. Like their argument in support of their second issue, appellants' contention in their third issue is based on the argument that without proper proof of California law, California law is presumed to be the same as Texas law. For the reasons stated above, we again find appellants' arguments to be without merit. Here, the California Governor's requisition reflects that appellants are charged with the specified offenses. The documents supporting the charged offenses include amended felony complaints with a finding of probable cause by a judge and the arrest warrants signed by a judge. These documents demonstrate that appellants were substantially charged as required by section 3 of article 51.13 of the code of criminal procedure. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 51.13, § 3 (Vernon Supp. 2004); see also Ex parte Rosenthal, 515 S.W.2d at 119. We overrule appellants' third issue. We hold that the Governor's Warrants in both cases are regular on their faces. Appellants failed to establish that the warrants were not legally issued, that they were issued on improper authority, or that the recitals in the warrants were inaccurate. See Ex parte Cain, 592 S.W.2d at 362. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the trial court's denial of appellants' petitions for writ of habeas corpus.