Summary
In State v. Derry, 202 Iowa 352, 355, 356, 209 N.W. 514, where the trial court admitted testimony of other similar acts with the same child named in the indictment, required the State (on defendant's motion) to elect on what particular act it would rely, and instructed the jury that the purpose of the testimony of other acts was to aid in determining the intent of the defendant, we upheld the instruction.
Summary of this case from State v. KinkadeOpinion
June 21, 1926. Rehearing Denied October 4, 1926.
CRIMINAL LAW: Appeal and Error — Review — Disputed Question of 1 Fact. The appellate court will not, in a criminal case, disturb a verdict based on a fair, disputed question of fact. (See Book of Anno., Vol. 1, Sec. 14010, Anno. 91 et seq.)
CRIMINAL LAW: Appeal and Error — Unargued Assignment of Error.
et seq.)
CRIMINAL LAW: Trial — Cautionary Instructions — Conviction of
Guilty and Acquittal of Innocent.
CRIMINAL LAW: Evidence — Similar Offenses — Election —
Instructions in Re Intent. et seq.)
CRIMINAL LAW: Trial — Instructions — General and Indefinite
Exceptions. et seq.) Headnote 1: Headnote 2: Headnote 3: Headnote 4: Headnote 5:
Headnote 1: 2 R.C.L. 193. Headnote 2: 2 R.C.L. 178. Headnote 4: 62 L.R.A. 353; 8 R.C.L. 202. Headnote 5: 14 R.C.L. 809.
Appeal from Marion District Court. — W.G. VANDER PLOEG, Judge.
Defendant was indicted and convicted for the crime of lewd and lascivious acts, as defined and made punishable by Section 13184, Code of 1924. From the judgment entered on the verdict, he appeals. — Affirmed.
Johnson Teter, for appellant.
Ben J. Gibson, Attorney-general, Herbert A. Huff, Assistant Attorney-general, J.B. Hockersmith, County Attorney, and Norman R. Hays, for appellee.
The instant indictment is based on a statute which, in substance, provides that "any person over 18 years of age who shall willfully commit any lewd, immoral, or lascivious act in the presence, or upon or with the body or any part or member thereof, of a child of the age of 16 years or under, with the intent of arousing, appealing to, or gratifying the lust or passions or sexual desires of such person, or of such child, or of corrupting the morals of such child, shall be punished" as provided in said statute. Section 13184, Code of 1924.
It is shown that the defendant is more than 18 years of age, and the girl involved was about 13 years old.
I. There is no imperative reason to detail the record facts in this opinion. We feel that this is true although the primary contention of the appellant involves the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the verdict. It is 1. CRIMINAL sufficient to state that, with respect to the LAW: lascivious acts charged, two girls affirm, and appeal and the defendant denies. It is true, as claimed by error: appellant, that a verdict of guilty in a review: criminal case will not be permitted to stand disputed when it is against the clear weight of the question of evidence. It is also true, as claimed by fact. appellee, that this court will not interfere with the verdict of the jury when there is a material conflict in the evidence. This court will not substitute its conclusions upon the facts for those of a jury that has returned a verdict of guilty, unless it appears from the whole record that there is such a want of support for the finding as will require a reversal. State v. Hessenius, 165 Iowa 415.
We discover nothing in the record which tends to indicate that the verdict is the result of passion or prejudice. It is no fault of the administration of criminal justice that an act of the character charged is repulsive to a decent-minded person. The nature of the offense does not raise the inference that the evidence inflamed the minds of the jury or caused reason to leave its throne.
The trial court guarded the interests and rights of this defendant by an instruction to the jury in which it is said that, although the good of society requires that crime be surely and promptly punished, it is equally important that the innocent be protected, and, "if you entertain a reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the defendant, you should not for a moment allow any consideration or motive to deter you from acquitting him; that you should lay aside all feeling of bias, if any you have, and bring to the consideration of all the evidence in the case your cool, deliberate, and dispassionate judgment."
Absolute certainty of the guilt of the defendant is not required in any criminal case; and, if all the evidence, when fairly considered, justifies the verdict returned, it is not our function to interfere.
There was a direct conflict in the testimony. The credibility of the witnesses was for the jury. As said in Graham v. Chicago N.W.R. Co., 143 Iowa 604:
"The testimony of a witness may be so impossible and absurd and self-contradictory that it should be deemed a nullity by the court."
This is, in effect, a limitation on the jury to determine and foreclose the credibility of a witness, but it finds no application to the case at bar. We deem further opinion unnecessary on the first proposition of appellant.
II. Complaint is lodged against several instructions given by 2. CRIMINAL the trial court, but argument is made to only LAW: two of the instructions. Under Rule 30 of this appeal and court, any error relied upon for reversal not error: argued in the argument in chief shall be deemed unargued to have been waived. Rules are made for assignment observance, and we therefore give attention to of error. the errors assigned which are argued.
The cautionary instruction heretofore mentioned, by which the rights of the defendant were attempted to be safeguarded, is challenged. We read the argument of appellant in vain to discover a basis for legal criticism. It is urged that 3. CRIMINAL the quoted instruction "added fuel to the flame, LAW: and that there is no evidence in the record upon trial: which to base any such instruction." This cautionary objection is purely hypercritical. We have instruc- frequently held that a cautionary instruction tions: does not constitute reversible error; and, in conviction the light of the argument of appellant on the of guilty sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the and verdict, it is obvious that the defendant would acquittal of be in a better position to complain on account innocent. of the absence of such an instruction, rather than its presence.
Complaint is also lodged against Instruction 11, in which 4. CRIMINAL reference is made to the fact that, at the close LAW: of the testimony on the part of the State, the evidence: court sustained defendant's motion requiring the similar State to elect on what particular act it would offenses: rely for a conviction, and that the State did election: elect to rely upon the act alleged to have instructions occurred at the home of the defendant sometime in re in the month of June, 1924. intent.
The foregoing recital is a part of the history of the trial. The indictment charged that the act occurred on or about the 10th day of June, 1924, and the evidence disclosed that occurrences happened in May, June, and July of that year. The instruction was so framed to show that the State relied for a conviction upon an act alleged to have been committed sometime in the month of June. The crime charged is not a continuing offense; and, although evidence of these various acts is admissible, it is the general rule that the State is required to elect, on motion, upon which offense it will rely.
In referring to and explaining the ruling on the motion to elect, the trial court instructed that, in order to find the defendant guilty of either the crime charged or the included offense of assault, it must be founded upon the act alleged to have occurred sometime in the month of June; and, although it is not necessary that the exact date be shown, a conviction, under this election, can only be had upon the act alleged to have occurred at this one time. The jury was further told, and correctly so, that the testimony with reference to any other acts may be considered only for the purpose of aiding in determining, "if it does aid you in determining, what the intent of the defendant was at the time of the alleged act under consideration, and for no other purpose."
It is difficult to discover a basis for the criticism of this instruction. Surely, in the light of the ruling on the motion, the jury was entitled to know its meaning, and no prejudice could result to the defendant in placing the limitations upon the effect of the evidence as to other acts which were part of the record before the jury. The instruction is plain, and the jury would have no difficulty in understanding and applying the limitation to the evidence before it.
III. Certain instructions were requested by the defendant and refused by the court. An examination of the record shows that no exceptions, as required by statute, were saved by the appellant. Any party may take and file exceptions to 5. CRIMINAL either the instructions given or refused, LAW: trial: "within five days after the verdict in the cause instruc- is filed, or within such further time as the tions: court may allow, and may include the same or any general and part thereof in a motion for a new trial, but indefinite all such exceptions shall specify the part of exceptions. the instructions as excepted to, or of the instructions requested and refused, and the grounds of such exceptions." Section 11495, Code of 1924.
In the instant case, the exceptions saved are general. They do not state specific grounds of exception and error. The statutory rule contemplates that some definite statement, which will direct the attention of the trial court to the complaint made, must be so worded that the court may readily know "where to search in the law, if minded to search." State v. Gibson, 189 Iowa 1212. See, also, State v. Alderman, 187 Iowa 244. However, it is a sufficient answer to the contention of appellant on the refusal to give the requested instructions, that the instructions given to the jury fully and satisfactorily cover the subject-matter of the requested instructions.
By reason of the nature of the crime charged and the propositions urged by appellant, we have given the record a critical reading. We conclude that the defendant had a fair and impartial trial, and with the verdict of the jury we discover no ground for interference. Wherefore, the judgment entered is — Affirmed.
STEVENS, FAVILLE, and VERMILION, JJ., concur.