Summary
holding consistent portions of statements that trial court admitted were necessary to place inconsistent statements into context
Summary of this case from State v. OsbourneOpinion
(AC 28391)
Convicted of the crimes of sexual assault in the second degree and risk of injury to a child in connection with his alleged sexual abuse of A, B and J, the defendant appealed to this court challenging, inter alia, the trial court's admission of portions of a written statement by A that were consistent with her testimony at trial. He claimed that the trial court should not have admitted those portions of A's statement when it admitted portions that were inconsistent pursuant to the rule set forth in State v. Whelan ( 200 Conn. 743), which permits the substantive use of a prior written inconsistent statement that is signed by a declarant who has personal knowledge of the facts stated, testifies at trial and is subject to cross-examination. Held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting a redacted version of A's statement that included portions that were both consistent and inconsistent with her trial testimony: that court admitted the consistent portions for the purpose of placing in context the inconsistent portions, context having been relevant to the critical issues here concerning the timing of the alleged crimes and the ages of the victims during the conduct in question; moreover, the defendant's unpreserved claim that the trial court improperly failed to instruct the jury on the limited purpose for which the consistent portions of A's statement were admitted did not meet the stringent standard required for plain error review, the defendant having failed to provide any authority for the proposition that the trial court, sua sponte, was required to give a specific limiting instruction under the circumstances here and having failed to demonstrate any impropriety that resulted in manifest injustice.
Argued April 29, 2008
Officially released July 15, 2008
Substitute information, in the first case, charging the defendant with the crime of risk of injury to a child, and substitute information, in the second case, charging the defendant with the crimes of sexual assault in the second degree and risk of injury to a child, and substitute information, in the third case, charging the defendant with the crimes of sexual assault in the first degree, sexual assault in the second degree and risk of injury to a child, brought to the Superior Court in the judicial district of New Britain, where the cases were consolidated and tried to the jury before Sheldon, J.; verdicts and judgments of guilty of three counts of risk of injury to a child and two counts of sexual assault in the second degree, from which the defendant appealed to this court. Affirmed.
Glenn W. Falk, special public defender, for the appellant (defendant).
Timothy F. Costello, deputy assistant state's attorney, with whom, on the brief, were Scott J. Murphy, state's attorney, and Brian Preleski, senior assistant state's attorney, for the appellee (state).
Opinion
The defendant, Arthur S., appeals from the judgments of conviction, rendered after a jury trial, of two counts of sexual assault in the second degree in violation of General Statutes § 53a-71 (a) (1) and three counts of risk of injury to a child in violation of General Statutes (Rev. to 1997) § 53-21 (1) and (2). On appeal, the defendant claims that the trial court improperly (1) admitted the portions of a witness' written statement that were consistent with that witness' testimony at trial and (2) failed to instruct the jury that the consistent portions of the written statement could not be used for substantive purposes. We affirm the judgments of the trial court.
The jury reasonably could have found the following facts. In 1997, the defendant resided at a house in Bristol with his wife, his stepdaughter, A, and his stepson, J. At that time, A was approximately thirteen years old, and J was approximately twelve years old. A's friend, B, who was also thirteen at the time, visited the house frequently. While living at that house, the defendant periodically engaged in sexual activity with A and B. The defendant also directed B to engage in sexual activity with J. When A was fourteen or fifteen years old, she moved with her mother and J to Hartford, and the defendant moved to a second house in Bristol. B temporarily resided with the defendant at the second house in Bristol on at least one occasion. Sexual activity between B and the defendant continued until B was eighteen years old.
The defendant's case was tried to the jury in September, 2006. At trial, A testified regarding the defendant's actions at the first Bristol house. Some portions of her testimony, however, were inconsistent with a signed written statement she had given to police before the trial. During its redirect examination of A, the state sought admission of A's written statement pursuant to State v. Whelan, 200 Conn. 743, 513 A.2d 86, cert. denied, 479 U.S. 994, 107 S. Ct. 597, 93 L. Ed. 2d 598 (1986). Following an objection by the defendant, the state agreed that a few irrelevant sentences of the statement should be redacted. The defendant argued that only three plainly inconsistent sentences should be admitted. The court admitted a redacted version of the statement, including portions both consistent and inconsistent with A's testimony. The court noted that "in many respects, [the statement] is inconsistent or could fairly be argued to be inconsistent with [A's] testimony. And the balance, the part up front . . . puts it in context. The context of the beginning of the statement; the context of the allegations in question; the time frame that's pertinent and the persons involved. So, while intrinsically, it is not inconsistent, it gives context to those statements which are. As a result, it should be introduced. Thus, everything except for the last two lines, which are not claimed, and the lines identified by the state's attorney having to do with pornography, can be introduced as a prior inconsistent statement under State v. Whelan, [supra, 743], and § 8-5 (1) of the Connecticut Code of Evidence, provided it's appropriately redacted."
The redacted statement, in relevant part, is as follows. The defendant argues that the state should have been permitted to introduce only the plainly inconsistent portions, which are italicized.
"From the time I was [five] years old until I was [fifteen] years old I lived [in the first residence] in Bristol. I lived there with my mother, my brother [J], and my step father [the defendant]. I had a friend, [B], [who] used to come over [to] the house and visit, she used to be my best friend. One time when [B] was over we went down stairs and [B] asked [the defendant] to play truth and dare. He said he would play but he wanted to change the rules. I don't remember word for word what he said. We played the game a few times and [the defendant] dared me to have oral sex with him. This was the first time that I did this. [B] watched me have oral sex with him, and I watched her have oral sex with [the defendant] too. I think I was thirteen going on fourteen years old, when I first had oral sex with [the defendant]. I saw [the defendant] have sexual intercourse with [B], I don't remember having intercourse with [the defendant], just oral sex. [The defendant] had sex with me and [B] a lot of times while we lived [in that residence]. I can not remember how many times. There were times when I saw my brother [J] having oral sex with my friend [B]. This would happen when my mother was gone . . . she was never home when we had sex with [the defendant]. I did one time have oral sex with my brother . . . [the defendant] was in the room, and I think [B] was there [too]." (Emphasis added.)
Following a guilty verdict by the jury on the charges of sexual assault in the second degree and risk of injury to a child, the defendant was sentenced to a total effective term of thirty years incarceration, suspended after eighteen years, and ten years probation. This appeal followed.
I
The defendant first claims that the court improperly admitted the portions of A's Whelan statement that were consistent with her testimony at trial. The state counters that "[t]he consistent portions of A's statements that the trial court admitted were necessary to place A's inconsistent statements in the context of the time line of this case and the crimes charged. . . ." We agree with the state.
See footnote 2.
We begin by setting forth the standard of review. "Unless an evidentiary ruling involves a clear misconception of the law, [t]he trial court has broad discretion in ruling on the admissibility . . . of evidence. . . . The trial court's ruling on evidentiary matters will be overturned only upon a showing of a clear abuse of the court's discretion. . . . We will make every reasonable presumption in favor of upholding the trial court's ruling. . . . Moreover, evidentiary rulings will be overturned on appeal only where there was an abuse of discretion and a showing by the defendant of substantial prejudice or injustice." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Kelly, 106 Conn. App. 414, 421, 942 A.2d 440 (2008).
In general, the court should seek to avoid admitting evidence that is likely to confuse or mislead the jury. See State v. Abreu, 106 Conn. App. 278, 287, 941 A.2d 974, cert. denied, 286 Conn. 919, A.2d (2008). The principle of affording the fact finder the proper context in which to consider statements is codified in Connecticut Code of Evidence § 1-5 (a), which provides that "[w]hen a statement is introduced by a party, the court may, and upon request shall, require the proponent at that time to introduce any other part of the statement, whether or not otherwise admissible, that the court determines, considering the context of the first part of the statement, ought in fairness to be considered contemporaneously with it." This type of determination is largely dependent on the unique circumstances in each case and, as with evidentiary issues in general, is best left to the sound discretion of the trial court.
"In State v. Whelan, supra, 200 Conn. 753, our Supreme Court adopted a rule allowing for the substantive use of prior written inconsistent statements, signed by the declarant, who has personal knowledge of the facts stated, when the declarant testifies at trial and is subject to cross-examination. The Supreme Court deemed this type of prior statement to be an exception to the rule against hearsay under such circumstances. The Supreme Court noted that this rule will afford a jury in such a case the opportunity to assess a witness' credibility after the witness is confronted with an alleged prior inconsistent statement. As our Supreme Court reasoned, given the opportunity for meaningful cross-examination of such a witness, the witness will be forced either to explain the discrepancies between the earlier statements and his present testimony, or to deny that the earlier statement was made at all. . . . After this type of examination, the jury can draw whatever conclusions concerning the witness' testimony that it deems to be appropriate." (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Vasquez, 68 Conn. App. 194, 200-201, 792 A.2d 856 (2002).
In the present case, the court thoughtfully and carefully reviewed, line by line, the statement that the state sought to introduce as an exhibit. The court heard argument from both sides as to whether each line in question should be admitted. The court then admitted a redacted version of the statement, including both consistent and inconsistent portions of the statement. It explained its reasoning in admitting the consistent portions in terms of establishing timing and context for the inconsistent portions. The defendant argues that court should have admitted only the three sentences that were in direct contradiction with A's testimony. We agree with the court that under the circumstances of this case, in which the timing of the charges, as well as the ages of the victims during the conduct in question, were critical, the context is relevant. Specifically, the defendant sought to have all but three sentences redacted. Those lone three sentences refer to the defendant's sexual conduct but, with the exception of one sentence, do not place that conduct at the first Bristol residence when A and B were thirteen years old and J was twelve years old. See footnote 2. The court's analysis reflects the exercise of sound discretion. Accordingly, we reject the defendant's claim.
II
The defendant next claims that the court committed plain error when it failed to instruct the jury on the limited purpose for which the consistent portions of the statement were admitted. The defendant neither requested a limiting instruction at trial nor raised an objection to the charge as given and therefore argues that the court should have given such a limiting instruction sua sponte. We disagree.
"The plain error doctrine is not . . . a rule of reviewability. It is a rule of reversibility. That is, it is a doctrine that this court invokes in order to rectify a trial court ruling that, although either not properly preserved or never raised at all in the trial court, nonetheless requires reversal of the trial court's judgment, for reasons of policy. . . . The plain error doctrine is reserved for truly extraordinary situations where the existence of the error is so obvious that it affects the fairness and integrity of and public confidence in the judicial proceedings. . . . A party cannot prevail under plain error unless it has demonstrated that the failure to grant relief will result in manifest injustice." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Lawrence, 282 Conn. 141, 183, 920 A.2d 236 (2007).
In the present case, we perceive no impropriety that would result in manifest injustice. The defendant cites no authority for the proposition that the court, sua sponte, must give a specific limiting instruction under the circumstances of this case. "It is well established in Connecticut . . . that the trial court generally is not obligated, sua sponte, to give a limiting instruction." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Izzo, 82 Conn. App. 285, 298, 843 A.2d 661, cert. denied, 270 Conn. 902, 853 A.2d 521 (2004). Furthermore, our Supreme Court, in State v. Jeffrey, 220 Conn. 698, 601 A.2d 993 (1991), cert. denied, 505 U.S. 1224, 112 S. Ct. 3041, 120 L. Ed. 2d 909 (1992), refused to afford plain error review to the defendant's claim that the court improperly failed to give, sua sponte, an instruction concerning the limited purposes of consistent statement evidence when the defendant had neither requested such a charge nor taken exception to the charge as given. Id., 715. Accordingly, we decline to consider this claim because it fails to meet the stringent standard required for plain error review.
The judgments are affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.