Summary
In Kilgore, the claimant alleged that she had developed contact dermatitis, an occupational disease, as a result of her job as a machine operator.
Summary of this case from State ex Rel. Musson v. Hawk Enter., Inc.Opinion
Nos. 22381, 22412 and 22536
Decided December 24, 1930.
Workmen's compensation — Surplus fund — Employee of noncomplying employer — Mandamus to compel payment after attorney general certifies award uncollectible — Industrial commission cannot vacate award, when — Section 1465-86, General Code — Employee not prejudiced by judgment for employer in action by state.
1. The last clause of Section 1465-74, General Code, requiring payment of an award against a non-complying employer out of the surplus fund when the attorney general certifies that it cannot be collected from the employer, is clear, explicit and unambiguous; when such certification has been made, mandamus will lie to compel payment of the award.
2. After such award has been made by the commission, the latter has no power, by virtue of its continuing jurisdiction under Section 1465-86, to vacate the award, unless there was fraud or imposition practiced upon the commission in its procurement.
3. The fact that, after obtaining his award from the commission against such employer, the latter has secured a favorable judgment in a suit against him brought by the state for its collection, should not operate to the employee's prejudice; nor does it justify the revocation of his award.
IN MANDAMUS.
These three cases invoke the original jurisdiction of this court in mandamus, and, since they present points of similarity, they were argued and submitted at the same time. In each case the respective relators ask that an order of mandamus issue compelling the Industrial Commission to pay compensation theretofore awarded out of the state surplus fund, created under Section 1465-54, General Code.
The Kilgore and Croy cases were submitted upon demurrers to the petition and amended petition; the Gress case upon demurrer or motion for judgment upon the pleadings filed, consisting of petition, answer, and reply.
The salient and conceded facts contained in the foregoing pleadings, briefly stated, are as follows: In each case it was alleged that the relator was employed by an employer employing the required number of workmen, thus making him amenable to the Compensation Law, but that the employer had neither subscribed to said insurance fund nor elected to pay compensation direct; that each relator had been injured in the course of employment and had filed his application with the commission for compensation, of which notice was given to the employer. These applications were submitted to and heard by the commission. Compensation was awarded by the commission to the respective relators, in each case the commission finding all the jurisdictional facts in relator's favor, including a finding that the injuries resulted in the course of employment, and that such employer employed the statutory number of workmen required to make him amenable to the Workmen's Compensation Act, but who had neither subscribed to the fund nor elected to become a self-insurer. All other facts necessary for the making of the award were found in the applicants' favor.
In the Kilgore case, No. 22381, the award was made May 20, 1928; this was certified to the Attorney General for collection. The Attorney General brought suit against the specified employer for collection of the award, the suit resulting in a jury's verdict in favor of the employer; that verdict and judgment was later sustained by the Court of Appeals and a motion to certify to this court was overruled. Thereafter the Attorney General certified to the commission his inability to collect the award from the employer. Kilgore applied to the commission for his awarded compensation, asking that it be paid out of the surplus fund, the petition alleging that the surplus fund was sufficient to pay the award. On May 6, 1930, the commission refused the application and vacated its former award.
In the Croy case, No. 22536, it appears that the relator obtained his award from the commission against his employers, Thew Askins, on October 4, 1929. Upon its certification the Attorney General brought suit against Thew Askins. Before the trial of that cause Thew filed his petition in bankruptcy, the Attorney General filing proof of claim in that proceeding. Thew was adjudicated and discharged as a bankrupt, without assets for the payment of creditors. Thereupon, upon his own motion, Thew was dismissed as a codefendant of Askins in the case brought by the Attorney General to collect the award. The trial thereupon proceeded against Askins alone, resulting in a verdict and judgment in favor of Askins. The Attorney General thereupon certified his inability to collect the award from either employer, Thew or Askins. Thereupon on June 26, 1930, the commission vacated its former award to Croy.
In the Gress case, No. 22412, the injury occurred on January 30, 1924, and compensation was awarded by the commission on September 17, 1925. The award was certified to the Attorney General for collection, and suit instituted by him against the employer in the common pleas court, on behalf of the state, for the collection of the award; this suit resulted in favor of the employer. Thereupon the Attorney General certified his inability to collect that award. The commission answered alleging that, upon being advised of the result of the trial in the common pleas court, it again heard the applicant's claim, and found that Gress' employer was not amenable to the Compensation Act, and that the relator at the time of the injury was not an employee within the meaning of the act. It thereupon vacated its former award and denied relator's claim for compensation. The exact date of this vacation by the commission does not appear in the pleadings. In his reply Gress denied every allegation in the answer not admitted in his petition; the balance of his reply containing legal conclusions only.
In each of these cases it seems that the commission vacated the award theretofore made by it, for the principal reason that, in the state suit for collection of the award against the noncomplying employer, it was there found and adjudicated that the employer was not liable and was not amenable to the Workmen's Compensation Law at the time of the injury.
Mr. Luther A. Park and Messrs. Motz Morris, for relator in cause No. 22381.
Mr. C.L. Corkwell, for relator in cause No. 22412.
Mr. W.E. Ridenour, for relator in cause No. 22536.
Mr. Gilbert Bettman, attorney general, and Mr. R.R. Zurmehly, for respondent.
The commission's assertion in its entry in the Croy case that the common pleas court had decided that the "claimant was not in the employ of Thew Askins" has no legal justification in view of the petition's allegation, confessed by the demurrer to be true, that Thew had been dismissed from the case before trial. Whether Croy had been employed by Thew was not determined by the verdict of the jury, as the cause proceeded against Askins alone.
Many of the features presented in these cases, some of which are reargued, have been authoritatively decided in the following reported cases: State, ex rel. Davis, v. Industrial Commission, 118 Ohio St. 340, 161 N.E. 32; State, ex rel. Williams, v. Industrial Commission, 119 Ohio St. 47, 161 N.E. 486; State, ex rel. Thompson, v. Industrial Commission, 121 Ohio St. 17, 166 N.E. 806; State, ex rel. Croy, v. Industrial Commission, 122 Ohio St. 65, 170 N.E. 644; State, ex rel. Upperman, v. Industrial Commission, 122 Ohio St. 509, 172 N.E. 364.
In the Davis case, supra, this court held that the inability to fix liability upon the employer did not deprive his employee from receiving compensation due him under the law. In the Thompson case, supra, we held that the judgment in favor of the employer in the state's suit to collect an award was not an adjudication against the injured employee who was not a party to the suit and had no control over it; and that, if the state failed to fix liability upon the employer, such failure did not deprive his employee from obtaining his award from the surplus fund. More in point is the case of State, ex rel. Croy, supra, involving the same award and the same parties. This is the second time Croy has sought mandamus to compel the payment of his award. In that case this court, five members concurring, held that the state's failure to collect an award, and the failure to certify within two years after the date of the award that it could not be collected, did not prevent the injured employee from obtaining his award from the surplus fund. We also held that mandamus was available to compel the commission to pay the award out of the surplus fund in case the Attorney General certified to the commission that it could not be collected in whole, and that the remedy was also available if more than two years had elapsed from the date of the award and no such certification had been made.
In the Kilgore case the award was made May 29, 1928; in the Croy case on October 4, 1929; and in the Gress case September 17, 1925. In each case it now appears that the Attorney General has certified his inability to collect the award from the noncomplying employer.
Relying upon the previous decisions of this court construing Section 1465-74, General Code, these respective relators instituted separate actions in mandamus to compel the commission to pay their awards out of the surplus fund. Their counsel maintain their right so to do because of the clear and unambiguous language employed in Section 1465-74, General Code. Although that section of the Workmen's Compensation Act has heretofore been repeatedly discussed by this court, we shall again call attention to its pertinent and controlling clauses.
Section 1465-74, General Code, provides that an employee of a noncomplying employer may file his application with the commission for compensation; for the certification of the award to the Attorney General for collection; for suit brought by the state against the employer, and for a speedy method of securing trial against him. The control of such suits, including the right to their compromise, has been placed entirely in the discretion of the commission. The last clause of the section reads: "The attorney general shall, as soon as the circumstances warrant, and not more than two years after the date of such award made by the commission, certify to the commission the result of his efforts to recoup the state insurance fund as herein provided, and if he certifies that such award can not be collected in whole, the award shall be paid from the surplus created by Section 1465-54," etc.
It was the evident legislative purpose, evidenced by that section, to provide a speedy method whereby the injured employee could secure his compensation after the commission had awarded it. Kilgore, one of the relators, received his injuries more than two years ago; Croy sustained his injuries more than four years ago, and Gress received his injuries more than five years ago. The contention of the commission is that, notwithstanding the previous decisions of this court holding that such injured employees may compel payment out of the surplus fund when the Attorney General has certified his inability to collect, or when he fails to so certify within the period of two years after the date of the award, the commission, by virtue of its continuing jurisdiction, has the power to vacate its former award when it subsequently ascertains that the noncomplying employer has secured a favorable verdict and judgment in a suit for its collection; and in support of that contention counsel for the commission cites and relies upon Section 1465-86, General Code, which reads as follows: "The powers and jurisdiction of the board over each case shall be continuing, and it may from time to time make such modification or change with respect to former findings or orders with respect thereto, as, in its opinion may be justified." Were this the only statute applying, this court could well conclude that the continuing jurisdiction of the commission for the purpose of vacation or modification would apply to all awards made by the commission. The creation of a surplus fund was authorized by the legislative act passed February 26, 1913 (103 Ohio Laws, 72, 74), and is now found in Section 1465-54, General Code. Section 1465-74, of the Workmen's Compensation Act, amended to contain the above-quoted provision, was passed by the Legislature on March 26, 1925 (111 Ohio Laws, 222). The foregoing legislation comprised within the two acts dealt specifically with the creation of a surplus fund, with the liabilities of noncomplying employers, and with the rights of their employees to the surplus fund; and in its legislation upon those specific subjects the Legislature employed plain language containing no ambiguity when it provided that " the award shall be paid from the surplus created by Section 1465-54," if the Attorney General certified that it could not be collected from the employer. To construe the language otherwise we should have to disregard the clear and explicit language employed in the section and make it meaningless. It would be tantamount to legislation by the court. Had there been fraud or imposition practiced upon the commission — a quasi judicial body — in the procurement of the award, the commission under equitable principles has the same power to vacate a decree so procured as is exercised by courts of general jurisdiction. Irrespective of any statute for vacation, such power has always been regarded as being inherent in the body whose jurisdiction has been thus befouled. But we have no such case presented by this record.
Counsel for the commission advance the argument that, the employer having won a favorable verdict and judgment from court and jury after the award was made, it was therefore justified under the vacation statute in revoking its previous award. However, our construction of Section 1465-74, General Code, as shown by our reported decisions, has been or should have been known for many years; and meanwhile there has been ample time for the amendment of the statute if it tends to injustice. Under the statute as it now exists the injured workman is not a party to the suit of the state against the employer for the collection of his award; nor has he any control over it. If injustice results to the state, the effort to correct it should be made in the proper channel — not to this court, but to the Legislature — to have the injured employee a party to the state suit, and giving him at least an equal right in its conduct and control.
This is the second occasion that one of these relators — Croy — has instituted mandamus action in this court to compel payment of this award. 122 Ohio St. 65, 170 N.E. 644. It was indicated in the former case that his prayer for the writ was denied solely because no certification having been made by the Attorney General, who had had two years to make it, the relator's action was prematurely brought. Since then his employer secured a favorable judgment upon a jury's verdict. But that fact should not operate to his prejudice nor be considered as an adjudication against him for the reasons heretofore stated; nor did it justify revocation of his award.
Under the construction which we now and heretofore have given to Section 1465-74, General Code, and adhering to its clear and explicit terms, we are of opinion that, since the Attorney General has now certified that their awards cannot be collected, the relators are entitled to their compensation from the surplus fund. The demurrers filed by the commission will be overruled. In the Croy and Gress cases a writ of mandamus will issue forthwith compelling the commission to pay those relators their compensation out of the surplus fund. Likewise, in the Kilgore case, if the defendant does not desire to further plead, a writ will issue in his favor.
Demurrers overruled.
MATTHIAS, DAY and ALLEN, JJ., concur.
KINKADE, J., not participating.
MARSHALL, C.J., dissents.