Summary
holding a ten-week delay was unreasonable
Summary of this case from Hawkins v. Wis. Elections Comm'nOpinion
No. 98-1914
Submitted October 13, 1998.
Decided October 15, 1998.
Jones, Day, Reavis Pogue, Harry J. Lehman, J. Kevin Cogan and Kirsten K Davis; Brunner Brunner Co., L.P.A., Jennifer L. Brunner and Edwin L. Kirby, Jr., for relator Thomas A. Ascani, Jr. Thomas M. Bernabei, Canton Law Director, Kathleen O. Tatarsky and Robert G. Rubin, Assistant Law Directors, for intervening relator, city of Canton.
Robert D. Horowitz, Stark County Prosecuting Attorney, David M. Bridenstime, Scott R. Peipho and David A. Thorley, Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for respondents Stark County Board of Elections and its members. Betty D. Montgomery, Attorney General, Arthur Marziale, Jr. and Jeffrey B. Hart rauft, Assistant Attorneys General, for respondent Secretary of State and intervening respondent Attorney General.
Relators assert that they are entitled to writs of prohibition and mandamus to prevent the November 3 election on the off-track-betting issue. The Secretary of State counters that relators' claims are barred by laches. For the following reasons, we concur with the Secretary of State and deny the writs based on laches.
"The elements of laches are (1) unreasonable delay or lapse of time in asserting a right, (2) absence of an excuse for the delay, (3) knowledge, actual or constructive, of the injury or wrong, and (4) prejudice to the other party." State ex rel. Polo v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Elections (1995), 74 Ohio St.3d 143, 145, 656 N.E.2d 1277, 1279. "Extreme diligence and promptness are required in election-related matters." In re Contested Election of November 2, 1993 (1995), 72 Ohio St.3d 411, 413, 650 N.E.2d 859, 862.
Relators did not act with the requisite diligence and promptness here. Although the local option petition was circulated before June and filed with the board on June 18, Ascani did not file his written statutory protest until ten weeks after the petition was filed and twenty-three days after the board certified the question in the petition to the November 3 election ballot. Canton did not submit its letter in support of Ascani's protest until five days after the protest. The evidence establishes that relators had at least constructive knowledge of the petition, especially given the local publicity concerning the matter and Ascani's counsels presence at the boards August 4 certification meeting. They could have discerned their objections to the petition, i.e., failure to comply with R.C. 3501.38 (J) and constitutional challenges to R.C. 3769.27, either before or at the time the petition was filed with the board. See State ex rel. Cooker Restaurant Corp. v. Montgomery Cty. Bd. of Elections (1997), 80 Ohio St.3d 302, 308-309, 686 N.E.2d 238, 243-244.
Relators lack any justifiable excuse for not submitting a protest sooner. Even if relators were not responsible for any delay caused by the boards tie vote on Ascani's protest and the subsequent submission of the matter to the Secretary of State, that delay does not excuse or justify their own nearly three-month delay following the filing of the petition to submit a written protest. State e rel. Super-America Group v. Licking Cty. Bd. of Elections (1997), 80 Ohio St.3d 182, 187, 685 N.E.2d 507, 511.
Relators' delay in filing a written protest with the board was prejudicial because by the time they filed this action for extraordinary relief, the date for certifying the ballot form had passed, and by the time the expedited briefing schedule was completed, the date for providing absentee ballots had passed. Cooker Restaurant Corp., 80 Ohio St.3d at 309, 686 N.E.2d at 244; see, also, State ex rel. White v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Elections (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 45, 48 49, 600 N.E.2d 656, 659; R.C. 3505.01; R.C. 3509.01.
In this regard, Ascani erroneously relies on nonelection cases to claim that no prejudice resulted from relators' failure to act promptly here. Cf., e.g., State ex rel. Roadway Express v. Indus. Comm. (1998), 82 Ohio St.3d 510, 513, 696 N.E.2d 1064, 1067. Nonelection cases do not normally require the "extreme diligence and promptness" required in election cases, nor do they implicate the rights of electors underlying the statutory time limits of R.C. 3505.01 and 3509.01. In re Contested Election of November 2, 1993, Cooker Restaurant Corp., and White, supra, see, also, State ex rel. Spencer v. E. Liverpool Planning Comm. (1997), 80 Ohio St.3d 297, 299, 685 N.E.2d 1251, 1253, where we noted this distinction by stating that " [i]n nonelection cases, laches is an affirmative defense which must be raised or else it is waived." (Emphasis added.)
Nor does Ascani's citation of State ex rel. Thurn v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Elections (1995), 72 Ohio St.3d 289, 291, 649 N.E.2d 1205, 1207, and State ex rel. Rife v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Elections (1994), 70 Ohio St.3d 632, 640 N.E.2d 522, require that the court resolve the merits of relators' claims here. Thurn does not discuss laches, and this case involves more than the mere "two-week delay more than two months before an election" in Rife, 70 Ohio St.3d at 635, 640 N.E.2d at 525.
Based on the foregoing, we deny the writs because relators' claims are barred by laches. This is not a case where the statutory time limits for certifying the ballot form and providing absentee ballots would have been exceeded even "under the best of circumstances." Cf. State ex rel. Squire v. Taft (1994), 69 Ohio St.3d 365, 369, 632 N.E.2d 883, 886. By resolving this case based on laches, we need not address the merits of relators' various claims or the Attorney General's motion for leave to intervene. In re Contested Election on November 7, 1995 (1996), 76 Ohio St.3d 234, 235-236, 667 N.E.2d 362, 363.
Writs denied.
MOYER, C.J., RESNICK, COOK AND LUNDBERG STRATTON, JJ., concur.
PFEIFER, J., concurs separately.
DOUGLAS, J., concurs in judgment only.
F.E. SWEENEY, J., dissents.
This court should adopt a less rigid standard regarding the application of laches in election cases where the relator is seeking to have an issue removed from the ballot. Timeliness is a practical concern where a relator is seeking to have something added to the ballot the mechanics of preparing a ballot require it. On the other hand, the decision to remove an issue from the election can be made up until the time that the ballots are counted. This court has the power to impound ballots, if necessary. Thus, this court, especially in cases where the challenges made to a ballot issue are constitutional, should be less mechanical in its application of laches.
I also disagree with Justice Douglas's opinion that the Secretary of State holds the final say in these matters. Where constitutionality is at issue. and is properly raised, it is our job, not the Secretary of States, to decide the issue. This is one of those cases.
Here, the petitioners argue that R.C. 3769.27 is unconstitutional. While R.C. 3769.27 requires a reader to hack away at a nearly impenetrable thicket of legislative obfuscation to reach its meaning, the statute is, at its heart, constitutional. In granting municipalities the ability to allow off-track betting facilities within their borders, the General Assembly recognized that the decision of a particular municipality could have real, far-reaching effects on. citizens of the entire county. The General Assembly therefore tempered the ability of one particular portion of a community to host a betting parlor when that activity is not welcomed by the community at large. In doing so, the General Assembly acted prudently and constitutionally.
I concur in the judgment of the majority denying the requested writs. I do so, however, on the basis that the decision of the Secretary of State, in breaking a tie vote of a local elections board, is final pursuant to R.C. 3501.11(X). See State ex rel. Ruchlmann v. Luken (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 1, 5, 598 N.E.2d 1149, 1152 (Douglas, J., concurring); State ex rel. White v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Elections (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 5, 9, 598 N.E.2d 1152, 1155 ("White I") (Douglas, J., dissenting); and State ex rel. White v. Franklin Cty. Bd. of Elections (1992), 65 Ohio St.3d 45, 51, 600 N.E.2d 656, 661 ("White II") (Douglas, J., concurring in judgment only).
As to Justice Pfeifer's reference to my concurrence, in this case Justice Pfeifer is, on the law, in clear error. While it is true that constitutionality of statutes is a question for the courts and not for boards of elections, commissioners, or even the Secretary of State, in the case now before us the relators could have (and should have) filed an action for declaratory judgment after the decision of the Canton City Council of March 16, 1998. Clearly relators had an adequate remedy at law, and this is not one of those cases where a party would be foreclosed from a remedy because of a lack of time to get a proper determination. It is, after all, now seven months later.
Accordingly, when the matter was submitted to the Secretary of State to break a tie vote of the board of elections, the Secretary of State was called upon to make a final decision on an issue properly before him, and, therefore, R.C. 3501.11 (X) is clearly in play and should be followed. Thus, any opinion as to the constitutionality of R.C. 3769.27 is purely advisory.
I respectfully dissent and would grant the relief requested.