Opinion
2015-01167 Index No. 1551/14.
02-10-2016
John STAROPOLI, etc., et al., plaintiffs, v. AGRELOPO, LLC, et al., defendants, Westbury Jeep Chrysler Dodge, Inc., doing business as Westbury Jeep, respondent, Mitchell A. Lewis, appellant.
Montfort, Healy, McGuire & Salley, Garden City, N.Y. (Donald S. Neumann, Jr., of counsel), for appellant. Andrea G. Sawyers, Melville, N.Y. (Scott W. Driver of counsel), for respondent.
Montfort, Healy, McGuire & Salley, Garden City, N.Y. (Donald S. Neumann, Jr., of counsel), for appellant.
Andrea G. Sawyers, Melville, N.Y. (Scott W. Driver of counsel), for respondent.
Opinion
In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, the defendant Mitchell A. Lewis appeals, as limited by his notice of appeal and brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Woodard, J.), entered November 13, 2014, as denied his motion for summary judgment dismissing the cross claims interposed by the defendant Westbury Jeep Chrysler Dodge, Inc., doing business as Westbury Jeep, insofar as asserted against him, to strike the sixth and seventh affirmative defenses interposed in that defendant's answer, and for certain declaratory relief.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as appealed from, with costs.
On December 5, 2013, a vehicle operated by Anthony Staropoli was struck by a vehicle operated by the defendant Mitchell A. Lewis (hereinafter the appellant). Staropoli died at the scene of the accident. The appellant's vehicle was a “loaner,” owned by the defendant Westbury Jeep Chrysler Dodge, Inc., doing business as Westbury Jeep (hereinafter Westbury), which was on loan to his wife, Lynquoria Phillips, while her car was being repaired by Westbury. Staropoli's estate commenced this action against, among others, the appellant and Westbury. In its answer, Westbury asserted, inter alia, cross claims against the appellant for contribution and indemnification, and two affirmative defenses, the sixth and seventh, both of which alleged that the appellant was a nonpermissive user of the loaner vehicle. The appellant moved to strike these affirmative defenses, to dismiss the cross claims, and for certain declaratory relief, asserting that he was a permissive user of the loaner vehicle at the time of the accident and that Westbury was vicariously liable. The Supreme Court denied the appellant's motion.
Section 388(1) of the Vehicle and Traffic Law provides that the owner of a motor vehicle is liable for the negligence of anyone who operates the vehicle with the owner's express or implied consent (see Country–Wide Ins. Co. v. National R.R. Passenger Corp., 6 N.Y.3d 172, 178, 811 N.Y.S.2d 302, 844 N.E.2d 756; Tsadok v. Veneziano, 65 A.D.3d 1130, 1132, 885 N.Y.S.2d 336; Headley v. Tessler, 267 A.D.2d 428, 700 N.Y.S.2d 849). There is a presumption that the operator was driving the vehicle with the owner's express or implied consent (see Murdza v. Zimmerman, 99 N.Y.2d 375, 380, 756 N.Y.S.2d 505, 786 N.E.2d 440; Tsadok v. Veneziano, 65 A.D.3d at 1132, 885 N.Y.S.2d 336). This presumption may be rebutted by “substantial evidence” sufficient to show that the vehicle was not operated with the owner's consent (Matter of State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Ellington, 27 A.D.3d 567, 568, 810 N.Y.S.2d 356; see Panteleon v. Amaya, 85 A.D.3d 993, 994, 927 N.Y.S.2d 85; see also Manning v. Brown, 91 N.Y.2d 116, 667 N.Y.S.2d 336, 689 N.E.2d 1382; Tsadok v. Veneziano, 65 A.D.3d at 1132, 885 N.Y.S.2d 336).
Pursuant to CPLR 3211(b), a “party may move for judgment dismissing one or more defenses, on the ground that a defense is not stated or has no merit.” In reviewing a motion to dismiss an affirmative defense, the court must liberally construe the pleadings in favor of the party asserting the defense and give that party the benefit of every reasonable inference (see Warwick v. Cruz, 270 A.D.2d 255, 704 N.Y.S.2d 849; Abney v. Lunsford, 254 A.D.2d 318, 678 N.Y.S.2d 292). In addition, if there is any doubt as to the availability of a defense, it should not be dismissed (see Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. v. Farrell, 57 A.D.3d 721, 723, 869 N.Y.S.2d 597; Becker v. Elm A.C. Corp., 143 A.D.2d 965, 533 N.Y.S.2d 605).
Here, the loaner car agreement (hereinafter the agreement) that Phillips executed with Westbury prior to receiving the vehicle generally allowed the appellant, as her spouse, to drive the vehicle. However, such permission was conditioned upon other terms within the agreement. Among these terms were Phillips's agreement that she would not allow the loaner vehicle to be operated by “anyone who is not a qualified and licensed driver” or by “anyone whose driver's license in any state has been revoked or suspended within the previous 3 years, even if he or she now possesses a valid driver's license.”
The evidence submitted by Westbury, and, in particular, its submission of an extract of the appellant's driver license record from the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, provided substantial evidence to rebut the presumption that the appellant was a permissive user of the loaner pursuant to Vehicle and Traffic Law § 388 at the time of the accident. Accordingly, the appellant was not entitled to dismissal of the subject affirmative defenses, since such defenses were not “ ‘without merit as a matter of law’ ” (Greco v. Christoffersen, 70 A.D.3d 769, 771, 896 N.Y.S.2d 363, quoting Vita v. New York Waste Servs., LLC, 34 A.D.3d 559, 559, 824 N.Y.S.2d 177). Nor was the appellant entitled to a declaration that he was a permissive user of the vehicle.
For similar reasons, the Supreme Court also properly denied that branch of the appellant's motion which was to dismiss Westbury's cross claims for indemnification and contribution (see generally North Star Reins. Corp. v. Continental Ins. Co., 82 N.Y.2d 281, 604 N.Y.S.2d 510, 624 N.E.2d 647; see also Lancer Ins. Co. v. Republic Franklin Ins. Co., 304 A.D.2d 794, 759 N.Y.S.2d 734; cf. Motors Ins. Corp. v. Africk, 55 A.D.3d 571, 572, 865 N.Y.S.2d 618).