Summary
In Shane v Mouw, 116 Mich. App. 737; 323 N.W.2d 537 (1982), the defendant had last examined the plaintiff on May 3, 1977, when the plaintiff's son called the defendant on August 7.
Summary of this case from Weaver v. U of M Bd. of RegentsOpinion
Docket No. 52651.
Decided June 8, 1982.
Frank S. Spies, for plaintiff.
Baxter Hammond (by Joel M. Boyden and Phillip J. Nelson), for defendant on appeal.
The essential facts of this case are accurately set forth in Judge MacKENZIE'S dissenting opinion.
Accepting plaintiff's version of the facts as correct for purposes of this appeal, it appears the parties commenced a physician-patient relationship in 1961 which continued into 1977. GCR 1963, 116.3. Between 1965 and May, 1977, plaintiff visited defendant's office 63 times, and defendant regularly prescribed medication for plaintiff's condition.
Plaintiff further claims that she last visited defendant's office in July, 1977. At that time, she asserts, it was necessary for her to use a walker because her "arthritis" had crippled her.
After hospitalizing plaintiff on August 7, 1977, another physician diagnosed plaintiff's condition as gout.
In DeGrazia v Johnson, 105 Mich. App. 356; 306 N.W.2d 512 (1981), it was held that under some circumstances a telephone conversation between a physician and patient which takes place after the last examination of the patient may constitute "treating or otherwise serving the plaintiff" pursuant to MCL 600.5838(1); MSA 27A.5838(1).
We agree with the applicability of the rule as stated by the dissent to the present case, but differ in the conclusion to be drawn from the given facts.
Plaintiff and defendant enjoyed a patient-physician relationship for 16 years. Over this period, defendant diagnosed and treated plaintiff for an arthritic condition.
Plaintiff continued to seek treatment from defendant for this medical problem through her son's telephone call on her behalf on August 7, 1977, when her condition had further deteriorated. Defendant refused to hospitalize plaintiff as requested and instead offered to prescribe medication. It was only after this telephone conversation that plaintiff sought the services of another physician.
There is nothing to indicate that the telephone call of August 7, 1977, was intended as a device for prolonging the statute of limitations. On the contrary, it bears all the indicia of a call on behalf of a patient in distress to her long-time personal physician. Similarly, it may be reasonably inferred from defendant's alleged response that an evaluation of plaintiff's condition was made based on past observation and treatment plus information as to the current condition and that defendant then determined a course of treatment including prescribing medication and rejecting hospitalization.
As observed in the dissenting opinion, the physician-patient relationship is consensual; it may be established by a request for treatment and treatment being furnished in response to such request. Moreover, the relationship may be of a continuing nature, as it was between the present parties.
There is no evidence of any occurrence between the parties prior to August 7, 1977, which would indicate that defendant intended to discontinue treating or otherwise serving plaintiff before that date. More significantly, prior to August 7, 1977, there is evidence of nothing which would have alerted plaintiff that her long-standing physician-patient relationship with defendant had ended and that the statutory period of limitations had started to run. In fact, the phone call of August 7, 1977, certainly appears to have been an attempt by defendant to continue treating plaintiff's condition.
Reversed and remanded for trial. Costs to plaintiff.
D.F. WALSH, P.J., concurred.
I respectfully dissent. Plaintiff's complaint, filed August 2, 1979, alleged medical malpractice. The circuit judge granted defendant's motion for accelerated judgment pursuant to GCR 1963, 116.1(5) on the ground that defendant last treated plaintiff on May 3, 1977, and that plaintiff's action was therefore barred by the two-year statute of limitations for malpractice, MCL 600.5805(4); MSA 27A.5805(4). Accelerated judgment grounded on the statute of limitations is improper where disputed questions of material fact exist. GCR 1963, 116.3. Accordingly, for the purposes of this appeal, we must accept as correct plaintiff's version of the facts. Plaintiff claimed that she last saw defendant in July, 1977. On August 7, 1977, plaintiff's son contacted defendant on plaintiff's behalf and asked that plaintiff be hospitalized. Defendant declined to permit plaintiff's hospitalization and suggested that he prescribe additional medication for plaintiff. Plaintiff was then admitted to a hospital under the care of another doctor.
MCL 600.5838(1); MSA 27A.5838(1) provides in relevant part:
"A claim based on the malpractice of * * * a member of a state licensed profession * * * accrues at the time that person discontinues treating or otherwise serving the plaintiff in a professional or pseudoprofessional capacity as to the matters out of which the claim for malpractice arose."
In Dyke v Richard, 390 Mich. 739, 744; 213 N.W.2d 185 (1973), the Court explained that the foregoing statute was based on the rule stated in DeHaan v Winter, 258 Mich. 293, 296-297; 241 N.W. 923 (1932):
"When did plaintiff's cause of action accrue? Until treatment of the fracture ceased the relations of patient and physician continued, and the statute of limitations did not run. Schmit v Esser, 183 Minn. 354 ( 236 N.W. 622), and reported with annotations in 74 ALR 1312. While decisions are not in accord upon this question, we are satisfied that in such an action as this the statute of limitations does not commence to run while treatment of the fracture continues. Failure to give needed continued care and treatment, under opportunity and obligation to do so, would constitute malpractice. During the course of treatment plaintiff was not put to inquiry relative to the treatment accorded him."
In some cases, a telephone conversation between physician and patient which takes place after the last examination of the patient may constitute "treatment or other services". DeGrazia v Johnson, 105 Mich. App. 356; 306 N.W.2d 512 (1981). In DeGrazia, the Court emphasized that it was dealing with a unique factual situation. The Court noted that the conversation took place approximately one month after the last examination, referred to the patient's knee on which the doctor had operated, and did not appear to have been a device, when it occurred, for prolonging the period of limitations. In view of the DeGrazia Court's emphasis on the unique nature of the factual situation it faced, we cannot read DeGrazia as establishing a rule that all telephone conversations between physician and patient which refer to the patient's condition constitute "treatment or other services". Whether such a conversation constitutes "treatment or other services" depends on the nature of the conversation.
In Kelleher v Mills, 70 Mich. App. 360, 365-366; 245 N.W.2d 749 (1976), the Court said:
"We reject any suggestion that refusal to treat is `treating or otherwise serving the plaintiff' within the meaning of MCL 600.5838; MSA 27A.5838. To hold as such would for all practical purposes, extend the statute of limitations indefinitely. Plaintiffs could continually request treatment to extend the statute of limitations against a doctor who had previously terminated service to the plaintiff." (Footnote omitted.)
Plaintiff attempts to distinguish Kelleher here by pointing to defendant's offer to prescribe additional medication. Kelleher is distinguishable; what happended in the present case was not that defendant refused to treat, but that plaintiff refused treatment. However, I am not persuaded that such a distinction should make a difference to the outcome of the case. DeHaan shows that the statute was designed to prevent the running of the period of limitations during the existence of the physician-patient relationship. Such a relationship is consensual; it is no more established by a refusal to accept treatment than by a refusal to treat.
Plaintiff's reliance on Thomas v Golden (Amended Opinion), 51 Mich. App. 693, 695; 214 N.W.2d 907 (1974), is similarly misplaced. In that case, the Court said:
"The crucial issue for decision is whether the granting of an appointment by defendant to plaintiff at her request constitutes `otherwise serving' within the meaning of the statute. We hold that it does, even though the appointment was not kept and defendant did nothing further for plaintiff."
The activity which the court in Thomas found to constitute "otherwise serving" plaintiff was an activity which defendant performed at plaintiff's request. Thomas would seem to be of uncertain precedential value since the Supreme Court affirmed the decision but declined to adopt the reasoning set forth in the Court of Appeals opinion. Thomas v Golden, 392 Mich. 779 (1974). To the extent that Thomas is inconsistent with the result I reach here, I would decline to follow that opinion. I would affirm.