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remanding dismissal of prisoner's excessive force claim for reconsideration in light of Hudson
Summary of this case from Rankin v. KlevenhagenOpinion
No. 92-4120. Summary Calendar.
September 29, 1992.
Curtis Shabazz, pro se.
No appearance for appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.
Before POLITZ, Chief Judge, DUHE and DeMOSS, Circuit Judges.
Curtis Shabazz, proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, appeals the dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) of his civil rights suit. The district court found an absence of a significant injury, a requirement under then controlling circuit precedents. Those precedents were overruled by the intervening decision of the Supreme Court in Hudson v. McMillian. We vacate and remand for reconsideration in light of Hudson.
___ U.S. ___, 112 S.Ct. 995, 117 L.Ed.2d 156 (1992).
Shabazz filed a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 suit against various officials of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and a corrections officer at the Eastham Unit, complaining of excessive force which resulted in injury to his knee and shoulder. Following a Spears hearing, and determining that no significant injury was sustained, the district court exercised the authority vested by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) and dismissed the in forma pauperis suit as frivolous. Shabazz timely appealed.
Spears v. McCotter, 766 F.2d 179 (5th Cir. 1985). In Spears we approved the use of a limited evidentiary hearing in lieu of a written questionnaire to flesh out the factual and legal bases for pro se prisoner complaints. These hearings were recorded on audiotape, a procedure which, after transcription, produced what we implicitly approved as a sufficient appellate record. See Wesson v. Oglesby, 910 F.2d 278 (5th Cir. 1990). In the present case, as in several others previously reviewed by us including Sparks v. Murphy, 961 F.2d 1572 (5th Cir. 1992); 92-4191, Green v. Ward, 973 F.2d 925 (5th Cir. 1992); 92-4183, Green v. Scott; 92-4256, Aguilar v. Terrell; 92-4205, Winn v. Turner; 92-4298, Graves v. Russell; and 92-4233, Holman v. Reed, the hearing was recorded on videotape which is superior to the audiotape and, for Spears hearings purposes, is considered a sufficient record of the proceedings.
In overruling this court's precedents, the Hudson Court held that in order to establish an eighth amendment violation in an excessive force case, the complainant need not plead and prove significant injury as a necessary requisite for his claim. Accordingly, we must vacate the dismissal and remand for reconsideration in light of the teachings of Hudson. In this reconsideration the district court should look to: the extent of the injury suffered; the need for application of force; the relationship between that need and the amount of force used; the threat reasonably perceived by responsible officials; and any efforts made to temper the severity of a forceful response. Hudson.
___ U.S. at ___, 112 S.Ct. at 999, 117 L.Ed.2d at 166 (citing Whitley v. Albers, 475 U.S. 312, 321, 106 S.Ct. 1078, 1085, 89 L.Ed.2d 251, 261-62 (1986)).
VACATED and REMANDED.