Opinion
CA 03-01036.
November 21, 2003.
Appeal and cross appeal from a judgment of Supreme Court, Erie County (NeMoyer, J.), entered November 19, 2002, which awarded money damages to plaintiff upon a jury verdict.
Zdarsky, Sawicki Agostinelli, Buffalo (Gerald T. Walsh of Counsel), for Defendant-Appellant-Respondent.
Aaron, Dautch, Sternberg Lawson, LLP, Buffalo (Francis P. Weimer of Counsel), for Plaintiff-Respondent-Appellant.
Before: Present: Pigott, Jr., P.J., Pine, Scudder, Gorski, and Lawton, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from be and the same hereby is unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: This is the third action commenced by plaintiff to recover on a labor and material payment bond (bond) issued by Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland (defendant) after defendants Shared Management Group, Ltd., doing business as Division Four Masonry, also known as Division 4 Masonry and Division 4 Masonry, Inc., defaulted on the payment of rent for materials furnished by plaintiff on a public improvement project. We previously affirmed the order dismissing plaintiff's first action, seeking the same relief, without prejudice, because plaintiff, a foreign corporation, had failed to comply with Business Corporation Law § 1312 (a) ( Scaffold-Russ Dilworth v. Shared Mgt. Group, 256 A.D.2d 1087). While that appeal was pending, plaintiff commenced a second action seeking the same relief, but that action was also dismissed based on plaintiff's continued failure to comply with section 1312(a). Plaintiff then commenced this action within six months of our order affirming the order dismissing the first action. Defendant answered and asserted various affirmative defenses, including the statute of limitations and, once again, plaintiff's failure to comply with section 1312(a). Plaintiff moved to dismiss the affirmative defenses and defendant cross-moved to dismiss the amended complaint alleging, inter alia, that plaintiff is not a proper claimant under the terms of the bond because its contract was not with a subcontractor covered by the bond. We affirmed Supreme Court's order granting plaintiff's motion and denying defendant's cross motion ( Scaffold-Russ Dilworth v. Shared Mgt. Group, 289 A.D.2d 932).
We previously determined that the instant action was timely commenced under the tolling provisions of CPLR 205 (a) and that plaintiff had fully complied with Business Corporation Law § 1312 (a) ( id. at 933-934). Those determinations are the law of the case and cannot be disturbed on this appeal ( see generally Martin v. City of Cohoes, 37 N.Y.2d 162, 165, rearg denied 37 N.Y.2d 817). With respect to whether plaintiff is a proper claimant, we determined that the court properly denied defendant's cross motion to dismiss the amended complaint because plaintiff "undoubtedly furnished materials and labor to the subcontractor and thus is covered by the bond 'by force of the statute'" ( Scaffold-Russ Dilworth, 289 A.D.2d at 935). We further determined that, regardless whether "Shared Management Group, Ltd., d/b/a Division Four Masonry," or "Division 4 Masonry, Inc." subcontracted with the general contractor, plaintiff provided scaffolding to the entity that subcontracted for the masonry work on the public improvement project and therefore plaintiff was covered by the terms of the bond ( id. at 934-935; see also State Finance Law § 137). That determination also constitutes the law of the case and thus, contrary to defendant's contention, the court properly refused to submit the question of plaintiff's status as a proper claimant to the jury. In any event, we conclude that the proof at trial established as a matter of law that plaintiff is a proper claimant.
Contrary to defendant's further contention, the absence of a written agreement stating the price for renting the scaffolding does not preclude plaintiff from recovering under the bond. Plaintiff is entitled to recover under the bond for the rental value of materials ( see Harsco Corp. v. Gripon Constr. Corp., 301 A.D.2d 90, 93), and it may recover in quantum meruit in the absence of a valid written agreement ( see L.B. Foster Co. v. Terry Contr., 34 A.D.2d 638, 638-639).
We further conclude that, contrary to plaintiff's contention, the court properly set June 1, 1999 as the date from which interest should be awarded. The Court of Appeals has held that a cause of action accrues on the earliest date that the injured plaintiff may "judicially assert the claim and sue for relief" ( LaBello v. Albany Med. Ctr. Hosp., 85 N.Y.2d 701, 703). "A cause of action is the right to prosecute an action with effect * * *. It is not possible for one at the same time to have a cause of action and not to have the right to sue" ( id. at 705 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Jacobus v. Colgate, 217 N.Y. 235, 241). The Court has reasoned that "'[a] cause of action inherently includes and comprehends, in the absence of restrictive language, the right to maintain an action upon the claim or matter which also is inherently included in it'" ( Travelers' Ins. Co. v. Brass Goods Mfg. Co., 239 N.Y. 273, 278, quoting Travelers' Ins. Co. v. Louis Padula Co., 224 N.Y. 397, 405, rearg denied 225 N.Y. 638). Because plaintiff did not have the right to maintain an action against defendant until June 1, 1999, that was "the earliest ascertainable date the cause of action existed" and constitutes the earliest date from which interest may be computed (CPLR 5001 [b]).