Opinion
April 1, 1999
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Bronx County (Jerry Crispino, J.).
Plaintiff, a 15-year old high school student at Iona Preparatory School, a private school located in Westchester County, went on a field trip to the Bedford Challenge Course located at the Fox Lane Middle School in the Bedford Central School District where his class participated in bungee-jumping exercises. Plaintiff was watching the activities when an automatic brake line of a bungee cord snapped and struck him in the right eye, blinding him in that eye. Plaintiff brought this action against the manufacturer of the automatic brake line, Project Adventure, Inc., alleging causes of action in negligence and strict products liability. Since defendant is a Massachusetts corporation, the action was venued in Bronx County based upon the residence of the infant plaintiff.
Thereafter, defendant commenced the third-party action against the school district and IONA, alleging negligence on the part of the school district in the supervision, control, maintenance, service and repair of the brake line and negligence on the part of IONA in the supervision, control and care of the plaintiff.
The IAS Court found that third-party defendants had made an adequate showing to justify change of venue. However, we find that the grant of the school district's motion for a change of venue was an improvident exercise of the IAS Court's discretion. Thus, the nisi prius court erroneously concluded that the school district had an absolute right to have the case brought in the venue of its location pursuant to CPLR 504. Since the school district was impleaded into the action, plaintiff did not have to demonstrate that venue was proper; rather the burden was on the school district to show that it was entitled to a discretionary change of venue pursuant to CPLR 510 (2) or (3). The school district failed to demonstrate that non-party witnesses would be inconvenienced since it relied solely on the affidavits of employees whose convenience is entitled to little weight.
CPLR 504 provides, inter alia, that an action against a school district must be venued in the county in which the district is located. However, although this section is couched in mandatory terms, a party may cross-move to retain venue in a county other than that in which the governmental entity is located. On such a cross motion to retain venue, the court has discretionary powers pursuant to the criteria stated in CPLR 510 (3) and "[t]his discretion has been exercised when the convenience of witnesses would outweigh the purpose of CPLR 504" ( Ruiz v. City of New York, 195 A.D.2d 327, 328).
As was noted by the Appellate Division in the Third Department with regard to venue in an action involving a municipality: "Contrary to the City's analysis, bringing in a municipality as a third-party defendant does not render improper ( see, CPLR 510) venue previously designated in a county other than the one in which the municipality is situated ( see, Messinger v. Festa, 94 A.D.2d 792; Perer v. Consolidated Edison Co., 93 A.D.2d 833; McKenna v. Occhigrossi, 142 Misc.2d 693, 696; McLaughlin, 1989 Supp Practice Commentaries, McKinney's Cons Laws of NY, Book 7B, CPLR C:510:1 [1991 Pocket Part], at 23). Rather, the municipality's sole recourse is to seek a discretionary change of venue under CPLR 510 (2) or (3) ( see, supra)" ( Holmes v. Greenlife Landscaping, 171 A.D.2d 916, 916-917).
This holding has been cited with approval and followed in this Department ( Ortiz v. Broadway Mgt. Co., 188 A.D.2d 401) and in the Second Department ( Murphy v. Long Is. R. R., 239 A.D.2d 472).
The only affidavits submitted by the school district on the motion at the IAS Court were executed by three of its own employees. Thus, the school district made no prima facie showing of any entitlement to a transfer of venue to Westchester ( see, O'Brien v. Vassar Bros. Hosp., 207 A.D.2d 169, 170). Since there. was no showing to warrant a transfer of venue to Westchester, the IAS Court should have denied that application and retained venue in the Bronx.
Concur — Ellerin, P. J., Nardelli, Rubin and Saxe, JJ.