Opinion
No. 1:07-CV-00549 OWW-SMS.
February 26, 2008.
Roger Romero, Bishop, CA, pro se.
Marcos D. Sasso, Alexandria R. Kachadoorian, Stroock Stroock Lavan LLP, Los Angeles, CA, for Defendant.
MEMORANDUM DECISION RE GRANTING PLAINTIFF'S MOTION TO DISMISS THE COMPLAINT AND DENYING PLAINTIFF'S MOTION TO VACATE (DOC. 10, 11, 12 and 19)
1. INTRODUCTION
Pro Se Plaintiff Roger D. Romero ("Romero") in his latest filing moves to dismiss his suit against Defendant Citibank (South Dakota), N.A.'s, successor in interest to Citibank USA, National Association ("Citibank"). Plaintiff also moves to vacate the arbitration award. Defendant Citibank's arbitration award was previously confirmed on September 13, 2007. These matters were heard on January 28, 2008.
2. PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL BACKGROUND
This case arises out of a dispute between Plaintiff and Defendant regarding Plaintiff's Home Depot-branded credit card issued by Defendant that was arbitrated before an arbitrator and resulted in an award being entered in favor of Citibank on April 12, 2007 ("Arbitration Award"). (Doc. 4, Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award, Memorandum of Points and Authorities ("P A"), § I; and Declaration of Andrew W. Moritz ("Mortiz Decl."), Exhibit 5, filed on July 16, 2007.)
Plaintiff initiated this case in federal court on April 10, 2007 by filing a complaint to transfer his ongoing but not yet, completed arbitration proceeding, to federal district court. (Doc. 1, Complaint.)
The arbitration proceeding was instituted by Plaintiff Romero on or about February 2006 against Citibank through the American Arbitration Association ("AAA") in connection with his dispute regarding his Home Depot-branded credit card ("Account") issued by Citibank. (Doc. 4, P A, § I, p. 1:4-8; and Mortiz Decl., Exhibit 1.) The binding arbitration agreement between the parties under the Account ("Arbitration Agreement") states: "Either you or we may, without the other's consent, elect mandatory, binding arbitration for any claim, dispute, or controversy between you and us (called "Claims")." (Doc. 4, Mortiz Decl., Exhibit 2.)
The parties choose AAA, as the arbitration firm to handle the arbitration, per the Arbitration Agreement. ( Id.) After both parties had filed their complaints with the arbitrator, including Citibank's counterclaim, Plaintiff moved to voluntarily dismiss the arbitration claim with prejudice which was granted by the Arbitrator on April 5, 2007. On April 10, 2007, Plaintiff filed in the Eastern District Court of California his Complaint to transfer the arbitration proceeding to federal court, titled a motion to transfer; however Plaintiff did not notice with the Court a date or time for hearing a motion and no hearing was held.
A telephonic arbitration was held by the AAA arbitrator on April 12, 2007 in connection with Citibank's remaining counterclaim, and the Arbitrator awarded $6,108.85 to Defendant Citibank against Plaintiff Romero. (Doc. 4, Mortiz Decl., Exhibit 5 and 6.)
On May 11, 2007, Plaintiff filed with the arbitrator a motion under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to vacate the award on the basis of lack of personal and subject matter jurisdiction. (Doc. 4, P A, § I, p. 2:10-13.) On May 25, 2007, Citibank filed their opposition with the arbitrator. ( Id.) The arbitrator denied Plaintiff's motion in an order dated June 3, 2007. ( Id.)
Defendant Citibank then moved in this Court on July 16, 2007 to confirm the Arbitration Award against Plaintiff Romero, noticing a hearing on the motion for September 10, 2007. (Doc. 4, Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award.) Plaintiff did not file an opposition by the September 10, 2007 hearing date nor did Plaintiff appear for the hearing. On August 31, 2007 Defendant filed a reply to its own Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award. (Doc. 7, Reply.) A hearing was held on September 10, 2007.
Per the proof of service attached to the Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award, the motion was served on Plaintiff Roger D. Romero by Defendant via U.S. Mail on July 16, 2007. (Doc. 4-8, p. 4.) Plaintiff alleges in his pleading titled Motion to Vacate Order, dated October 10, 2007 that a hearing was held on September 12, 2007 without his knowledge and judgment entered against him. (Doc. 15, Motion to Vacate Order, p. 1: 24-28.) The hearing on the Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award was heard on September 10, 2007 not September 12, 2007. Plaintiff's own Motion to Vacate contains the date, September 10, 2007 and time of hearing, 10 a.m., in the caption and states that Plaintiff requests a telephonic appearance. Further, the proof of service of Defendant's Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award demonstrates the motion was mailed to Plaintiff. Plaintiff may be confusing the scheduling conference which he also mentions in his Motion to Vacate Order, originally scheduled for August 29, 2007 and continued to October 12, 2007. The scheduling conference was not held and a judgment was not entered against Plaintiff in any scheduling conference in this matter.
Per the proof of service to the Reply, Defendant served the Reply on Plaintiff via U.S. Mail, August 31, 2007. (Doc. 7, Reply, p. 5.) The proof of service of the reply demonstrates that Plaintiff received a second pleading noting the date and time of the hearing.
An Order granting Defendant's Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award on September 13, 2007 and a Judgment in Defendant's favor was entered by the Court on September 14, 2007. Plaintiff filed a Motion to Vacate on September 14, 2007. (Doc. 12, Motion to Vacate.) A month later, on October 12, 2007, Plaintiff filed a Motion to Vacate Order, which supplements his Motion to Vacate pleading filed on September 14, 2007. (Doc. 15, Motion to Vacate Order.) Defendant filed its (revised) Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion to Vacate on October 16, 2007. (Doc. 16, Opposition.) Then, two weeks later on October 31, 2007, Plaintiff filed a Motion to Dismiss but did not file a notice of the date and time for the motion. (Doc. 19, Motion to Dismiss.)
3. DISCUSSION
There are now two motions by Pro Se Plaintiff Romero, a Motion to Vacate and the latest a Motion to Dismiss the suit, which was not noticed for hearing. Both were heard by this Court on January 28, 2008.
A. Failure to Timely File Motion to Vacate
Plaintiff filed a Motion to Vacate on September 14, 2007. However, Plaintiff Romero's Motion to Vacate is untimely. Under 9 U.S.C. § 12, a "[n]otice of a motion to vacate . . . an award must be served upon the adverse party or his attorney within three months after the award is filed or delivered." 9 U.S.C. § 12. (emphasis added). In comparison a party has one year after the award is confirmed by the arbitrator to file a motion to confirm an arbitration award under FAA § 9 (". . . at any time within one year after the award is made any party to the arbitration may apply to the court so specified for an order confirming the award, and thereupon the court must grant such an order unless the award is vacated, modified, or corrected as prescribed in sections 10 and 11 of this title.").
A motion to vacate an arbitration award after the three months prescribed time is not permitted, even if filed as part of an opposition to a motion to confirm an arbitration award or to assert new claims. See Brotherhood of Teamsters Auto Truck Drivers v. Celotex Corp., 708 F.2d 488, 490 (9th Cir. 1983) ("An unsuccessful party at arbitration who did not move to vacate the award within the prescribed time may not subsequently raise, as affirmative defenses in a suit to enforce the award, contentions that it could have raised in a timely petition to vacate the award."); Lafarge Conseils Et Etudes, S.A. v. Kaiser Cement, 791 F.2d 1334, 1338-39 (9th Cir. 1986) ("[t]he three month notice requirement of section 12 for appeal of an award on section 10 or 11 grounds [would be] meaningless if a party to the arbitration proceeding [could] bring an independent action asserting such claims outside of the statutory time period provided for in section 12." (quoting Corey v. New York Stock Exchange, 691 F.2d 1205, 1213 (6th Cir. 1982))
Plaintiff did not bring his Motion to Vacate, filed September 14, 2007 and dated August 18, 2007, within the time period specified by FAA § 10. The Arbitration Award was entered by the arbitrator on April 14, 2007. Under § 10 of the FAA, Plaintiff had three months from April 14, 2007 to move to vacate the award. Plaintiff's Motion to Vacate the Arbitration Award should have been filed by July 14, 2007. The Court did not receive the Motion to Vacate until September 14, 2007, five months after the arbitrator entered the Arbitration Award.
Under 9 U.S.C. § 10, a district court may vacate an arbitration award only:
(1) where the award was procured by corruption, fraud or undue means;
(2) where there was evident partiality or corruption on the part of the arbitrators;
(3) where the arbitrators were guilty of misbehavior by which the rights of any party have been prejudiced; or
(4) where the arbitrators exceeded their powers, or so imperfectly executed them that a mutual, final, and definite award upon the subject matter submitted was not made. 9 U.S.C. § 10.
Section 10 of the FAA does not specifically sanction judicial review of the merits of the arbitration awards, but the Ninth Circuit has adopted the "manifest disregard of the law" standard, a limited exception "under which a procedurally proper arbitration award may be vacated." Collins v. D.R. Horton, Inc., 2007 WL 2756956, p. 3. (9th Cir., September 24, 2007) "[F]ederal courts of appeals have repeatedly held, `manifest disregard of the law' means something more than just an error in the law or a failure on the part of the arbitrators to understand or apply the law. It must be clear from the record that the arbitrators recognized the applicable law and then ignored it. As such, mere allegations of error are insufficient." Carter v. Health Net of California, 374 F.3d 830, 838 (internal citations, quotation marks, and alterations omitted).
Plaintiff asks the Court to consider that Plaintiff had sent Defendant Citibank and the Court the Motion to Vacate weeks before his September 14, 2007 filing but the motion papers were returned by the U.S. Postal Service for insufficient postage. The Motion to Vacate is dated August 18, 2007. (Doc. 12, Motion to Vacate, pp. 8-9.) The Motion to Vacate also contains a certificate of service for service via U.S. Mail to Citibank's counsel, dated August 18, 2007. (Doc. 12, Motion to Vacate, p. 9.) However, even if Romero sent the Motion to Vacate on August 18, 2007, he cannot bring as a defense to Citibank's Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award an untimely Motion to Vacate as it should have been filed by July 14, 2007. See White v. Mayflower Transit, LLC, 481 F.Supp.2d 1101, 1104-5 (C.D.Cal. 2007); Florasynth, Inc. v. Pickholz, 750 F.2d 171 (2nd Cir. 1984).
Either date, August 18, 2007 or September 14, 2007, is well past the three months from the date the Arbitration Award was entered and Plaintiff loses his right to oppose the confirmation of the award. See Florasynth, 750 F.2d at 175 ("a party may not raise a motion to vacate, modify, or correct an arbitration award after the three month period has run, even when raised as a defense to a motion to confirm."); Chauffeurs, Teamsters, Warehouseman and Helpers, Local Union No. 135 v. Jefferson, 628 F.2d 1023, 1025 (7th Cir. 1980) (". . . failure to move to vacate the arbitration award within the prescribed time period for such a motion precludes it from seeking affirmative relief in a subsequent action to enforce the award."); Piccolo v. Dain, Kalman Quail, Inc., 641 F.2d 598, 600 (8th Cir. 1981) ("district court properly determined that the Piccolos' failure to serve their complaint within the three months of the award deprived it of power to review the award."); D.H. Blair Co., Inc. v. Gottdiener, 462 F.3d 95, 112 (2nd Cir. 2006) ("He cannot idly stand by, allow the award to be confirmed and judgment thereon entered, and then move to vacate the award just as though no judgment existed.")
The Second Circuit in Florasynth, Inc. v. Pickholz, 750 F.2d 171, 175-76 (2nd Cir. 1984) cited two important reasons for enforcing the FAA's three month limitation
First, the confirmation of an arbitration award is a summary proceeding that merely makes what is already a final arbitration award a judgment of the court. [citation omitted] . . . In fact, in the majority of cases, the parties to an arbitration do not obtain court confirmation . . . Armed with a court order the winning party has a variety of remedies available to enforce the judgment.
Second, parties choose to arbitrate because they want quick and final resolution of their disputes. The role of arbitration as a mechanism for speedy dispute resolution disfavors delayed challenges to the validity of an award. [citation omitted]
Plaintiff at oral argument also expressed some confusion regarding Citibank's ability to file their Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award against Plaintiff as he asserts he was never served. However, Plaintiff initiated the case when he filed his Complaint seeking to transfer the arbitration proceeding to federal court on April 10, 2007. (Doc. 1, Complaint.) Second, Plaintiff was served via U.S. mail Defendant's Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award by Defendant Citibank and Plaintiff Romero responded to the motion not once but twice, opposing the motion. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Plaintiff by Plaintiff's appearance and commencing the initial action; as Defendant Citibank's Motion to Confirm Arbitration Award concerns the same transaction as the initial Complaint filed by Plaintiff. Filing a complaint constitutes consent to jurisdiction "for all purposes which justice to the defendant requires his presence." Adam v. Saenger, 303 U.S. 59, 67-68 (1938); Schwarzer, Tashima, Wagstaffe, Federal Civil Practice Before Trial 3:65 (2007) ("by filing suit, nonresident plaintiff submits to court's personal jurisdiction on cross-complaint regarding same transaction as subject of complaint")
Plaintiff's motion to vacate is DENIED.
B. Voluntary Motion to Dismiss
Plaintiff filed a Motion to Dismiss on October 31, 2007, stating in total:
Now Comes the Plaintiff Roger D. Romero, appearing pro se and enters this motion to dismiss this case: 1:07-CV-00549-OWW-SMS. Plaintiff filed this case as a Federal Question. This court dismissed this case. Plaintiff request's the court to take judicial notice of this dismissal.
(Doc. 19. Motion to Dismiss.)
Plaintiff at oral argument stated that by his filing he was attempting to dismiss his suit that he initiated by filing his "Motion to Transfer to Federal District Court," which the Court refers to as Plaintiff's Complaint, filed on April 10, 2007. (Doc. 1, Complaint.) Plaintiff claims that since the Court would not transfer the suit to federal court and the docket indicates the case was dismissed he is seeking a dismissal from the Court. Plaintiff did not file an obligatory notice of motion stating the date and time for hearing his motion, with his Motion to Dismiss. Defendant Citibank, at oral argument, in response stated that it was unaware the hearing on January 28, 2008 would include the Motion to Dismiss as Plaintiff failed to notice the date and time of the hearing. Defendant Citibank therefore did not file any opposition to Plaintiff's Motion to Dismiss and was prepared only for the Motion to Vacate. Defendant Citibank expressed however at oral argument that it does not oppose the Motion to Dismiss.
Contrary to Plaintiff's allegations in his Motion to Dismiss, the Court has not dismissed Plaintiff's case. The docket includes an entry on September 14, 2007 that states: "(Court only) ***CASE TERMINATED. CASE CLOSED . . ." but no other entry for dismissal of the suit is in the docket. This appears to be a clerical error as review of the docket shows no dismissal was filed and entered by this Court. Docket entry no. 26 entered on January 31, 2008 now indicates the following: "Case was closed in error."
Plaintiff filed his Complaint on April 10, 2007, Defendant Citibank filed a motion to confirm arbitration award on July 16, 2007. Plaintiff then filed his motion to vacate the arbitration award on September 14, 2007 and thereafter before the motion could be heard by this Court, Plaintiff filed his motion to dismiss the suit, presumably under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 41(a)(2), which authorizes Voluntary Dismissal by Plaintiff through a court order.
Except as provided in Rule 41(a)(1), an action may be dismissed at the plaintiff's request only by court order, on terms that the court considers proper.
Generally, the dismissal is without prejudice unless otherwise ordered by the court.
A motion for voluntary dismissal under 41(a)(2) should be granted "unless a defendant can show that it will suffer some plain legal prejudice as a result." Smith v. Lenches, 263 F.3d 972, 975 (9th Cir. 2001). At oral argument Defendant Citibank did not oppose Plaintiff's Motion to Dismiss.
Plaintiff's Motion to Dismiss the suit is GRANTED.
C. Plaintiff's Complaint and Failure to Notice Motion to Transfer
Romero initiated the federal court case on April 10, 2007 by filing his Complaint, titled a "Motion to Transfer to Federal District Court," seeking to transfer his arbitration proceeding to the federal court. His Complaint was filed a few days before the arbitrator held the arbitration hearing on April 12, 2007. Romero claimed in his Complaint, or motion to transfer, that there existed a federal question as to whether Citibank had the charter power in their articles of incorporation to lend its credit. (Doc. 1, Complaint, p. 1:26-28 and 2:1-3.) Romero alleges in his Complaint that if there existed no charter power under Citibank's articles of incorporation to lend credit, then the alleged contract entered into by the parties is ultra vires (beyond the powers conferred upon Citibank by its charter) and illegal ( e.g., against public policy or statutory provision).
"[U]ltra vires' refers to an act which is beyond the powers conferred upon a corporation by its charter or by the laws of the state of incorporation . . ." Marsili v. Pacific Gas Elec. Co. 51 Cal.App.3d 313, 322 (1975).
The Federal Question being does the Plaintiff Citibank USA have the Charter Power under its article of incorporation by authority of either the state or federal government to lend its credit? If there exists no Charter power under the Articles of Incorporation to lend credit, then the alleged Contract entered into by both parties is illegal "Ultra Vires" and void from the beginning of the transaction and the Plaintiff [Citibank] can sustain no right action . . .
The Defendant [Romero] alleges the above criterion for removal is met, as a Federal Question is embodied as a crucial element of his defense. The case at bar is clearly one which qualifies as a federal question that can only be litigated in a federal court which has exclusive jurisdiction over banking statutes mandated by Congress.
(Doc. 1, Complaint, p. 1-2.)
The pleadings of pro se litigants "are held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers." Hughes v. Rowe, 449 U.S. 5, 10 (1980) (quotation omitted); see also Karim — Panahi v. Los Angeles Police Dep't, 839 F.2d 621, 623 (9th Cir. 1988). However, despite the liberal pleading standards afforded to pro se litigations, adherence to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Local Rules still apply.
Any individual representing himself or herself without an attorney is bound by the Federal Rules of Civil or Criminal Procedure and by these Local Rules. All obligations placed on "counsel" by these Local Rules apply to individuals appearing in propria persona. Failure to comply therewith may be ground for dismissal, judgment by default, or any other sanction appropriate under these Rules.
E.D. Cal. Local Rule § 83-183(a).
If Plaintiff did indeed want to request a motion to transfer, and not a Complaint, the Local Rules require Romero to file a notice of motion along with his motion, which must contain the date, time and place of the motion to be heard. Under Local Rules, a motion must be noticed "not less than twenty-eight (28) days after personal service and filing of the motion or not less than thirty-one (31) days after mailed or electronic service and filing of the motion." E.D.Cal. Local Rules § 78-230(b).
(g) Caption and Title . . . there shall appear: (5) immediately below the case number and title of the document, a statement of the date, time, and name of the Judge or Magistrate Judge for any scheduled hearing
E.D.Cal. Local Rule § 5-133(g)
(b) . . . all motions shall be noticed on the motion calendar of the assigned Judge or Magistrate Judge. The moving party shall file with the Clerk a notice of motion, motion, accompanying briefs, affidavits, if appropriate, and copies of all documentary evidence that the moving party intends to submit in support of the motion. The matter shall be set for hearing on the motion calendar of the Judge or Magistrate Judge to whom the action has been assigned or before whom the motion is to be heard, not less than twenty-eight (28) days after personal service and filing of the motion or not less than thirty-one (31) days after mailed or electronic service and filing of the motion. Motions defectively noticed shall be filed, but not set for hearing . . .
E.D.Cal. Local Rule 78-230(b).
Romero filed his Complaint on April 10, 2007 but did not file, if he intended, a notice setting the date and time for a hearing of a motion if that is what Plaintiff desired. As provided in the Local Rules, "Failure to comply therewith may be ground for dismissal, judgment by default, or any other sanction appropriate under these Rules." E.D. Cal. Local Rule 83-183(a).
CONCLUSION
Plaintiff's motion to vacate the arbitration award is DENIED.
Plaintiff's motion to dismiss is GRANTED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.